Bai Juyi's New Yuefu
In the era of Bai Juyi, a group of poets, including Han Yu and Yuan Zhen, set off a wave? New Yuefu? Poetic style
Yuefu was originally a poetic genre that appeared in the Han Dynasty, mainly folk songs, reflecting the sufferings of the people. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, poets mainly composed of Bai Juyi also imitated the poems of Han Yuefu, first finding a topic, and then expressing it in the form of poetry.
reaction
Real folk life is called. New Yuefu? .
This poetic style is greatly influenced by Du Fu and reflects reality, but it is different from Du Fu? Du Fu wrote with his heart, what he experienced, and then felt, naturally revealed, unintentionally and personally experienced; Bai Juyi and others' new Yuefu is deliberate. They can find something worth describing, and then turn it into poetry with their own talents, without having personal experience.
Intentional or unintentional is the biggest difference between Bai Juyi and Du Fu, and it is also the place where Bai Juyi is not as good as Du Fu. We say that a great poem must be written by a poet with his life. Du Fu's fate doomed him to be such a great poet.
Bai Juyi's Poetic Style
Bai Juyi wants to do it? New Yuefu? To reflect real life through such a poetic style, he must attach importance to the practical function of poetry. Bai Juyi's poems have two propositions:
1. Content: Poetry is written for things.
What do you mean? Poetry is written for things? ? ? Close? "Should" means that poetry should naturally reflect some social fact. This poetic proposition is actually reflected in the Book of Songs. Many poems in the Book of Songs can clearly feel the customs of a place or the thoughts of a country. But? Poetry is written for things? , which proves that there are signs of the above intentional action.
As far as writing is concerned, an old woman can understand.
Since we should pay attention to the practicality of poetry, it is natural that the simpler it is, the better. In ancient society, most people were illiterate and could communicate in spoken English in daily life. Once words are involved, they can't understand and can't read poems. Therefore, what Bai Juyi has to do is to make these people understand his poems, otherwise, the so-called practicality of poems will be meaningless.
take for example
Bai Juyi's most famous poems are Selling Charcoal Weng, Pipa Travel and Song of Eternal Sorrow. Let's look at these three poems: selling charcoal Weng has four words:? Kumiya city also? The palace market is for the court to do business with the emperor, which is one of the disadvantages of the court in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. Many ordinary people are squeezed by the court market. The purpose of Bai Juyi's Charcoal Man is obviously to show? Miyagi? This fact.
Pipa Trip tells the story of Bai Juyi hearing a woman playing the pipa at the head of Xunyang River. Pipa girl was separated from her husband, lonely and cold. She remembered that she had been in the scenery in the past, but now she was left out in the cold. Bai Juyi thought of his career and expressed his feelings under the guise of pipa girl. Pipa Travel tells a story, which is also a practical matter.
The Song of Eternal Sorrow has a great attraction, which opens up a brand-new way of poetry creation. Song of Eternal Sorrow is a poetic style, and Li Bai also writes Yuefu, but Bai Juyi is different from Li Bai. Li Bai's (and before) Yuefu poetry style is very free, completely free from metrical restrictions, such as "drinking". Where can I see a trace of metrical poetry? Bai Juyi's new Yuefu, such as Song of Eternal Sorrow, has the same number of words in each sentence, neat antithesis and strict meter, which is obviously influenced by meter poetry. He inherited the freedom and boldness of Yuefu poetry.
Song of Eternal Sorrow tells the love story between Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei. Can an old woman solve it? Wang Guowei once praised this extreme feature:
With the splendor of Song of Eternal Sorrow, what has been transferred? Light rain? 、? Twin cities? Four words is enough.
The everlasting regret song has 120 sentences, only? And ask a girl, the so-called little jade, to tell double perfection? This sentence only uses allusions, and Bai Juyi's literary talent can be seen. What if you can't write the scene directly without allusions? Can an old woman solve it? That's a woman's problem.
In sharp contrast to Song of Eternal Sorrow, Wu, a poet in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, imitated Bai Juyi's Yuan Yuanqu and wrote about the love between Chen Yuanyuan and Wu Sangui. Wu almost uses allusions, without which he can't write, and the allusions are blunt and obviously piled up, which is virtually completely different from the allusions used by Xin Qiji and others.
Although it is imitation, those ancient literati can write a little poetry accomplishment, but Bai Juyi's creative technique and his literary talent
But Bai Juyi and Wu decided which was better or worse.
So why can Bai Juyi be called? Poet? It is because his poems are not only magnificent literary talent that others can't learn, but also easy for old women to understand. They can also care about people's livelihood and express the voices of ordinary people.