For the same poet, the tendency of popularization and the tendency of minority often coexist. Li Baiyou's Thoughts on a Quiet Night and Difficult Road to Shu; Lao Du's three officials and three farewells, as well as the "Northern Expedition". Wen Yiduo, who introduced the popular Dead Water, also published The Little Red Candle. Dai Wangshu, who wrote the niche Rain Lane, also wrote the well-known Happy New Year. Vague poems seem to be a few, but famous sentences such as "meanness is the passport of the despicable/nobility is the epitaph of the noble" and "the night gave me black eyes/I found light with them" are widely circulated. Of course, a poet always has his main aesthetic tendency. In addition, in some poets, the main aesthetic tendency will change.
Poetry is a social phenomenon after all. Therefore, the tendency of popularization and minority is closely related to the external environment of poetry. When the concern for survival becomes the basic concern of poetry, such as the era of war, revolution and disaster, there will be more popular poems. When the concern for life becomes the basic concern of poetry, such as the era of peace, harmony and stability, more minority poems will appear.
Both popular poetry and minority poetry have their own aesthetic values, so it is neither necessary nor possible to cancel either of them. However, art always tends to be media, and poetry is ultimately for widespread dissemination. Mass communication has two dimensions: space and time. Not only the spatial popularization of "spread all over the world", but also the temporal popularization of "immortals" is also a manifestation of popularization. Li He and Li Shangyin had few bosom friends before their death, but their poems have been circulated for thousands of years and become a part of cultural tradition. This distant effect of poetry is also a common phenomenon of popularization. Poetry of Tang and Song Dynasties is the peak of China's classical poetry and the most popular poetry era. As long as they are from China, most of them can recite several excellent works. Poetry in Tang and Song Dynasties has become one of the cultural identities of China people. Bai Juyi and Liu Yong are representatives worthy of further study.
When Hu Shi advocated new poetry, he highly praised Bai Juyi and his new Yuefu. Bai Juyi, who is "hurting people and getting sick", praised the realism initiated by Du Fu, saying that "first name the article, and then offend the article". Bai Juyi has a clear artistic pursuit of popularization, and many of his poems have also produced the popularization effect to the maximum extent, from Farewell to Eternal Sorrow to Pipa's relegation to Jiangzhou. Bai Juyi's poems are widely circulated among the people and spread to the deep palace. At that time, there were white poems everywhere in rural schools, Buddhist temples, tourism and boating, and some geisha "increased their prices" because they could recite the Song of Eternal Sorrow. In the preface written by Yuan Zhen for Bai Changqing Collection, there is such a narrative: "There are no books in the forbidden provinces, temples and postal waiting walls; Princes, concubines, cowboys and horses all go away. " The new Yuefu uses spoken language, but it only has the name of Yuefu, which has little to do with music, while Liu Yong's ci makes full use of music as a means of communication. Be familiar with folk songs, cooperate with singers and musicians, and put words on the wings of music. Ye Mengde said, "If there is a well to drink, you can recite willow words."
New poetry has a modern means of communication that was not available in the era of Tang poetry and Song poetry. The online existence of poetry is a condition that the ancients did not have. However, there are very few new poems. Compared with Tang poetry and Song poetry, there are many difficulties in popularizing new poetry. First, the young new poetry is immature and has not even formed a recognized aesthetic standard so far. Poets are hard to write, but readers are hard to remember. Unlike Tang poetry and Song poetry, it has not been transformed into a national cultural tradition, divorced from family education, school education and social and cultural life. Second, the occurrence of new poetry is more from foreign countries, not from people, not from tradition, nor from music. It is a big problem for communication to rely mainly on silent reading, which is divorced from recitation, especially music. It is imperative to let the voice return to poetry. Thirdly, different from Bai Juyi's "writing for the time" and "writing for things", some poets at present believe in the tendency of "whispering", which makes the public stay away from poetry. Gorky's sentence is still reasonable: "Poets are the echo of the world, not just the nanny of their own souls".
Whether it is a minority or the public, new poetry needs to continue to inherit and innovate, and strive for the popularization effect of communication in a diversified pattern.