Shenzhou-1: It was born.
1999165438+1At 6: 30 on October 20th, China's first unmanned experimental spacecraft Shenzhou-1 was launched from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.
After a flight of 2 1 hour and a scheduled scientific experiment, China people successfully landed in central Inner Mongolia, achieving a major breakthrough in the round trip between heaven and earth!
In the cockpit of Shenzhou-1 spacecraft, there is a male simulator, about 1.70 meters tall and wearing a spacesuit. This simulator is a sensor, which is used to collect the temperature, humidity, oxygen and other test data of the return capsule in space.
1992, manned spaceflight project was included in the national plan. With the strong cooperation of all relevant departments and scientific and technological personnel in China, it took only seven years for aerospace scientific and technological personnel to overcome three technical problems in manned space flight, namely, they successfully developed a high-reliability high-thrust rocket, mastered the safe return technology of manned spacecraft, and built a good manned space life support system.
"Our spacecraft was launched 40 years later than the United States and the Soviet Union, but the technical level of the spacecraft should be equivalent to their current level. To reflect technological progress, we must not copy it and catch up. " Wang Yongzhi said.
In just 78 years, China astronauts have completed the road that developed countries have traveled for 30 or 40 years.
The launch of China's first unmanned shenzhou spaceship opened a new chapter in the development of manned space technology in China.
Shenzhou II: A New Appearance
Although Shenzhou II is the second unmanned spacecraft, it is the first full-scale spacecraft in China, which can also be said to be the "most complete version" of manned spacecraft, and its technical status is basically the same as that when manned.
The spaceship returned to the ground after seven days in orbit. Experiments in the fields of space life science, space materials, space astronomy and physics in microgravity environment were carried out on the spacecraft. All kinds of instruments and equipment have stable performance and work normally, and a large amount of data has been obtained. The technical state of the spacecraft is basically the same as that of the manned spacecraft.
An American newspaper commented that with the successful launch of the Shenzhou II spacecraft by China on 200 1, 1, "China's ancient dream of flying will not only be a legend, but Chinese astronauts will be closer to heaven."
Shenzhou III and IV: Perseverance
On the fourth day of the Shenzhou-3 spacecraft product, there was a problem that the signal of the spacecraft cabin socket was not conductive. Decision-makers make a decisive decision: the progress obeys the quality and the launch is postponed!
After more than 3,000 contacts in the spacecraft cabin were all connected, on March 25th, 2002, the Shenzhou III spacecraft was launched.
The experimental results show that the spacecraft is equipped with human metabolism simulator, anthropomorphic physiological signal equipment and human dummy, which can quantitatively simulate the important physiological activity parameters of astronauts' breathing and blood circulation. The orbital module stayed in space orbit for more than 180 days and worked normally. The scheduled test objectives were all achieved and the test was a complete success!
Nine months later, on June 30th, 12, Shenzhou IV was successfully launched under severe cold conditions.
Unprecedented continuous low temperature weather: -28℃, which is 8℃ lower than the minimum emission temperature of -20℃ stipulated in the launch outline! 1986 65438+1On October 28th, the American space shuttle Challenger crashed because an O-ring rubber seal failed due to low temperature deformation!
After sufficient experimental data demonstration and meteorological consultation, experts selected a better window and adjusted the launch process. In severe cold, participants wrapped the key parts of the rocket with 149 pieces of warm-keeping articles, and kept blowing hot air until 15 minutes before launch.
On June 5, 2003, the spacecraft returned safely and completed all the scheduled test contents, breaking the historical record of low temperature launch in China!
The successful launch of Shenzhou III and Shenzhou IV in the fully manned state indicates that the day when China people can reach the moon is not far away.
Shenzhou 5: China's dream
History will remember that moment: June 65438+1October 65438+May 9, 2003, China successfully launched its first manned spacecraft-Shenzhou 5!
The 2 1 hour 23-minute space trip marks that China has become the third country in the world to independently carry out manned space activities after the former Soviet Union, Russia and the United States.
At this moment, it has been 3 years and 329 days since the launch of China's first experimental spacecraft, and only 1 1 year and 25 days since the establishment of China's manned spaceflight project.
Before launching manned spacecraft, the former Soviet Union conducted five unmanned spacecraft launch tests and the United States conducted eight unmanned spacecraft launch tests. After four flight tests, shenzhou spaceship of China successfully sent a man into space. The successful launch and landing of the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft marked a historic breakthrough in China's manned spaceflight project.
However, in the last round of ground test before Shenzhou 5 spacecraft entered the site, it was found that the buffer mechanism of the return cabin seat could not fully meet the requirements of buffer engine backup. ..... 70 days later, the scientific and technological personnel overcame this difficult problem that would take half a year to solve at normal speed.
"It took us 10 years to complete a great historical task, which is an important milestone in China's space history and a major contribution made by China to the peaceful use of space." Luan Enjie, former director of the National Space Administration, said.
Shenzhou VI: Opened a new chapter in China's space history.
June 65438+10/October 65438+February 9, 2005, the Shenzhou VI manned spacecraft rose from the launch site of Jiuquan Launch Center, Gansu Province, and successfully performed "Made in China" in the air with beautiful curves.
10 June 12, Shenzhou VI was successfully launched from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhao Jianwei photo
The reporter observed through the screen that both Beijing Aerospace Command and Control Center and Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center are busy and nervous people from China, with black hair and yellow skin. It is understood that the whole R&D process of Shenzhou VI was completed independently by our own technology, and we have our own intellectual property rights. More than 30 new technologies with independent intellectual property rights were adopted in the launch vehicle that lifted Shenzhou into the sky, only the fault detection and handling system and the escape system. This shows that China can truly achieve "Made in China" in the high-tech field, from the research of basic technology to the manufacture of precision parts.
In China's decades of space history, the concept of "Made in China" has been throughout. 1992, manned spaceflight project was included in the national plan.
With the strong cooperation of all relevant departments and scientific and technological personnel in China, it took only seven years for aerospace scientific and technological personnel to overcome three technical problems in manned space flight, namely, they successfully developed a high-reliability high-thrust rocket, mastered the safe return technology of manned spacecraft, and built a good manned space life support system.
From the beginning of development, shenzhou spaceship aimed at the level of the international third-generation manned spacecraft, directly adopted the design scheme of multi-person and multi-cabin, and created the best in the world by using space. From the high standard of rocket development to the high starting point of spacecraft design, from the establishment of a unique aerospace medical engineering system to the formation of advanced aerospace measurement and control network, a series of new technologies, innovations and achievements are the crystallization of independent innovation wisdom. Although China's manned spaceflight project started late, it stood at a high starting point from the beginning, and the main key technologies involved were independently created by China.
In addition, the insiders also believe that the launch of Shenzhou VI will promote the technological progress and the development of production capacity in many domestic industries. According to international experience, investing 1 yuan in the space field will bring about 8 to 14 yuan driving benefits for the whole society. Shenzhou manned launch is the integration of a large number of technologies, involving launch, rocket manufacturing technology, recovery, measurement and control, life support system and other key technologies, which can drive the development of many scientific and technological industries. At the same time, there are hundreds of upstream and downstream enterprises and technical research institutions involved in the development of Shenzhou manned spacecraft, and there are thousands of related cooperation units. Manned space technology will promote the rapid development of new materials, biology, communications and other industries.
Shenzhou VI plays an important role in the development strategy of China's manned spaceflight project. China is steadily advancing the completion of the second phase of manned spaceflight project and moving towards the third phase, namely, the establishment of a space station. More importantly, as the carrier of China's independent intellectual property rights, Shenzhou VI perfectly interprets "Made in China" in space with its high technology density and outstanding performance of cutting-edge technology gathering in the most complex, huge and risky engineering system in the world today.
After the successful launch of Shenzhou VI, foreign news agencies rushed to send news that the successful launch of Shenzhou VI opened a new chapter in China's space history. * * * It is reported that after Shenzhou 5, China successfully launched the Shenzhou VI manned spacecraft again, which showed the world its status as a space power, promoted its national prestige and enhanced its cohesion. Zhang, deputy commander of China's manned spaceflight project and general manager of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, said that China is steadily advancing the completion of the second phase of the manned spaceflight project and moving towards the establishment of a space station in the third phase.
Shenzhou VII is ready to go.
On the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the establishment of China Aerospace Ocean Survey Ship Base, Jian Shilong, the head of the base, revealed in an interview on 23rd that when the Shenzhou VII mission is implemented, a Roy survey fleet will be set up to carry out the maritime monitoring and control mission, and the preparations for the mission are basically ready.
Jian Shilong said that a number of Wangyuan ships and two new-generation space ocean-going survey ships have been put into use to carry out the Shenzhou VII maritime monitoring and control mission in the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, which is the largest number of ships going to sea at the same time in the history of Roy Fleet.
Ding Xingnong, secretary of the Party Committee of the base, said that since the beginning of this year, the base has comprehensively overhauled and maintained three old ships, inspected all the equipment and lines on the ship one by one, and upgraded some old equipment.
The 1 new generation survey ship delivered in September 2007 has been tested in practice in the first half of this year. The second new generation survey ship delivered in April this year has also recently been trained in ship navigation and narrow channel navigation, and the accuracy of inertial navigation equipment in eight directions has been appraised, which fully tests the performance index and measurement accuracy of the equipment.
Ding Xingnong said that the base has conducted targeted training for the scientific and technical personnel who are about to carry out the Shenzhou VII mission, so that the scientific and technical personnel have the ability of one person with multiple functions and can be competent for many different positions at the same time. At present, the survey vessels are in good condition and the morale of scientific and technical personnel is high. Solid and effective preparations have laid a solid foundation for the successful completion of the Shenzhou VII maritime monitoring and control mission and other monitoring and control tasks in the second half of this year.