Old vines are faint crows, small bridges are flowing, and old roads are thin horses. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
This poem has only five sentences and 28 words, and its language is extremely concise but its capacity is huge. With a few strokes, I drew a homesick picture of a wandering wanderer, which vividly conveyed the voice of a wandering wanderer.
This picture consists of two parts:
First, carefully selected groups of scenery that can represent Xiao Qiu form a twilight autumn wild map;
Second, describe a wanderer walking alone in the cold autumn, with endless pain in his heart.
The first painting is *** 18 with nine nouns, without empty word, which is natural and fluent, with rich connotations. With his skillful artistic skills, the author bathed nine different landscapes in the afterglow of the sunset, presented them to us in a "montage" brushwork like a focal plane, and brought the readers into the late autumn season at once: several dead vines were wrapped around several bald trees with yellow leaves. We can imagine that crows can still have old trees to return to, but wanderers are homeless. How miserable and helpless it is! Next is a small bridge, flowing water, and a small farmhouse with faint smoke. The rural scenery in which such people live is so quiet and sweet, comfortable and carefree. All this can't help but remind the wanderer of the bridges, flowing water and relatives in his hometown. Here, the sad feelings are written in the happy scene, which sets off the helpless sadness of the wandering wanderer.
In the second painting, we can see that in the bleak autumn wind, on the lonely ancient road, a wanderer suffering from homesickness rides a long-delayed thin horse and wanders into the distance in the heavy twilight. At this time, the sun sets, scattering a bleak oblique light. This is the reunion moment when birds return to their nests, cattle and sheep return home and people return home. However, the wanderer is still "the end of the world is reduced." At this moment, this situation, a wandering in a foreign country, in the face of such a bleak and desolate scene, how can it not be sad, heartbroken and heartbroken! The heart of a wandering wanderer drops blood in the autumn wind. ...
A very short ditty expresses its indescribable connotation, vividly depicts the sad inner world of a wanderer and gives people a shocking artistic feeling. Reading makes people feel bitter, and singing makes people feel more sad. People who watch this song without tears don't know what it means.
On the one hand, this poem has won such high praise because it depicts a wonderful late autumn evening scene and truly shows the loneliness and sadness in the world. Although depressed, it reflects the depressing atmosphere of the times at that time and has certain social significance. On the other hand, more importantly, it has high artistic achievements. The obvious features are:
1. Simple and profound interdependence
Song Yu, an ancient man, once described a beautiful woman's figure as "adding one point is too long and subtracting one point is too short". The refinement of the characters in Tianjingsha Qiu Si can also be said to have reached the point where one word cannot be added or subtracted. There are only five sentences and twenty-eight characters in the whole article. No exaggeration, no allusions. It is a vivid picture outlined by pure line drawing: in the late autumn evening, a travel-stained wanderer rode a thin horse and walked alone on the ancient road against the chilly west wind. He walked past an old tree covered with withered vines and saw crows hovering in the treetops at dusk. He crossed the small bridge across the stream and came to the doors of several families by the stream. At this time, the sun is about to set, but he hasn't found a place to stay. It will be a long night, and he can't help feeling sad and deeply sad. As for why the wanderer drifted here? Where on earth is he going? These meanings can be left to the reader to imagine. This poem is really a masterpiece with simple words and rich meanings, and less wins more. In the first three sentences and eighteen words of the poem, * * * wrote nine things: rattan, tree, crow, bridge, water, home, road, wind and horse. Every word, every word and every scene can be described as "cherishing ink as gold". However, brevity is not simple. Before the names of nine things, there are modifiers expressing their own characteristics, such as withered, old, faint, small, flowing, human, ancient, western and thin, which make all things have distinct personalities and make unrelated things form a unity in the desolate late autumn twilight. The author has no place to write these things, nor does he write about the relationship between these things and the activities of vagrants, but readers can imagine them and connect them closely. In simplicity, you can see depth and fineness.
2. Static and dynamic scenes set each other off.
The artistic effect of Tianjingsha Qiu Si is also due to the successful use of foil techniques. The author brings many relatively independent things into a picture at the same time, thus forming the mutual contrast between dynamic and static, bright and dark, background and subject: the "flowing water" in dynamic contrasts with the "small bridge" and "people" in static, showing a quiet environment; "West Wind" and "Ancient Road" set each other off to make the road more desolate; On the autumn scenery map sketched by the author, on the one hand, the dead vines, old trees and crows are gloomy in the autumn wind and small showers, and on the other hand, the afterglow of the sunset paints the dead vines, old trees and crows with a touch of gold; The "small bridge flowing water" presents an elegant and comfortable scene, which is in contrast with the wanderer who fell into a foreign land, making the "heartbroken person" more sad. Judging from the whole composition, the first four sentences are about scenery and the last one is about people. But people are the main body and scenery is the background of people's activities. When the background is written, the main body is set off. This is the wonderful use of mutual contrast.
3. Scenery and emotion blend together
Poetry expresses ambition. This poem aims to express the sorrow of the people who were born. But people's thoughts and feelings are abstract and difficult to express. The author uses the traditional writing method of attaching affection to things to portray this bitterness and sorrow incisively and vividly. Dead vines, old trees, faint crows, westerly winds, thin horses, sunset, tangible and sensible things all have obvious late autumn colors, which are similar to intangible and abstract bitterness. Only by seeing and touching can people feel concrete and vivid. Just like "Ask you how worried I can be?" ? Just like a river flowing eastward, "sorrow" has nothing to do with "water", but the author uses the river as a metaphor for sorrow, and the two are "like". It is very profound to express infinite sadness with the scenery of the river flowing eastward. Natural scenery originally had no thoughts and feelings, but when the poet incorporated these objective things into his aesthetic comprehension and feelings, they were endowed with emotional colors and merged with people's thoughts and feelings. "Little Bridge Running Water" is just a very common landscape, but when it is in the same picture with "Tianya heartbroken man", it is no longer an isolated scene, but the fuse of heartbroken people, which brings a sad atmosphere to the picture. The so-called "feelings are presented by scenes, and scenes are born by feelings" is the truth. "Tianjingsha Qiu Si" can be called a masterpiece with emotion and scenery, emotion and scenery and a seamless scene.
White cattail in clear sand and autumn
The lonely village is in the setting sun, and the old tree is in the west of Western jackdaw. A small flying shadow. Green mountains and green waters, white grass, red leaves and yellow flowers.
The first two sentences describe the first picture. The author captures six natural scenes: village, sun, sunset, kitchen smoke, trees and crows, and then touches them with six words with the same emotional color: loneliness, falling, disability, lightness, old age and cold. The juxtaposition of the six images makes the whole picture shrouded in a bleak atmosphere, which makes people feel a strong sense of autumn and takes care of the topic of "autumn". Sunset in the West not only points out that it is in the evening, but also conveys a kind of helplessness and melancholy that "to see the sun, for all his glory is buried by the coming night". Lonely small village, withered and old trees, crows, lifeless, and misty "light smoke", such a picture makes people feel sad and confused. Here, the author depicts a desolate, bleak and barren Qiu Jingtu in a realistic way.
However, not all places are so desolate and deserted. Look at the scene of "flying in the shadows", "green mountains and green waters, white grass, red leaves and yellow flowers". This picture is colorful, bright and full of vitality, which is in sharp contrast with the previous picture in environmental atmosphere.
It's also a piece of autumn scenery. Why is there such a big contrast? What kind of thoughts and feelings does the author want to express? Comparing these two pictures, we can't find a clear answer. If Bai Pu's attitude of not wanting to be an official in Yuan Dynasty is linked, the answer is not difficult to understand. The "small" in the picture is a sentence in Li Bai's "Send Pei eighteen pictures south to Songshan II": "Raise your hand and point, it is difficult to talk. There is no morning or evening, and the water is clear. " The "Hong Fei" in the novel has the same effect, which is a metaphor of the author himself. Bai Pu doesn't want to get a job in the imperial court, but hopes to fly away from that bleak, cold and lifeless place like a swan, and find a happy land full of vitality. Therefore, the land of "green mountains, green waters, white grass, red leaves and yellow flowers" in the shadow can be understood as the author's seclusion and the scene in his heart. The artistic conception is cheerful and peaceful, without negative feelings, which shows the author's love for seclusion and should belong to imaginative writing. In this piece of music, the author put "the scene in my heart" together with the real environment at that time in a very clever way, which produced a strong contrast effect and implicitly revealed his love and hate.
Appreciation of Tianjin Sha Qiu Si
Ma Zhiyuan was an outstanding dramatist and essayist in Yuan Dynasty. His "Jing Tian Shah Qiu Si" has always been regarded as an outstanding masterpiece in poetry and known as "the father of Qiu Si". For hundreds of years, it has been famous for its artistic charm (Wang Guowei's "Words on Earth").
As a teenager, Ma Zhiyuan was keen on fame, but he never succeeded because the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty carried out the policy of national oppression in the early days. It can be said that the author has lived a wandering life almost all his life, and he is doomed to be depressed and embarrassed all his life.
France asserts: "Literary works are autobiographies of writers." It is absolutely irrelevant whether this assertion is too much, but it is very appropriate to observe this poem. The images such as "withered vine", "old tree" and "faint crow" in the song are originally autumn colors that people are easily worried about in the eyes of frustrated literati such as Ma Zhiyuan. In addition, it is dusk and the lonely traveler at the end of the world is traveling. We can't help but think of his career frustration and the sadness of wandering in his heart, and then crystallize such a song, which is full of sadness through wandering. It can be said that this poem is a true and vivid portrayal of his life.
This poem has only five sentences and 28 words, and its language is extremely concise but its capacity is huge. With a few strokes, I drew a homesick picture of a wandering wanderer, which vividly conveyed the voice of a wandering wanderer. This picture consists of two parts: one is a picture of autumn field in twilight, which is composed of several carefully selected scenes that can represent Xiaoqiu; Second, describe a wanderer walking alone in the cold autumn, with endless pain in his heart.
The first painting is *** 18 with nine nouns, without empty word, which is natural and fluent, with rich connotations. With his skillful artistic skills, the author bathed nine different landscapes in the afterglow of the sunset, presented them to us in a "montage" brushwork like a focal plane, and brought the readers into the late autumn season at once: several dead vines were wrapped around several bald trees with yellow leaves. We can imagine that crows can still have old trees to return to, but wanderers are homeless. How miserable and helpless it is! Next is a small bridge, flowing water, and a small farmhouse with faint smoke. The rural scenery in which such people live is so quiet and sweet, comfortable and carefree. All this can't help but remind the wanderer of the bridges, flowing water and relatives in his hometown. Here, the sad feelings are written in the happy scene, which sets off the helpless sadness of the wandering wanderer.
In the second painting, we can see that in the bleak autumn wind, on the lonely ancient road, a wanderer suffering from homesickness rides a long-delayed thin horse and wanders into the distance in the heavy twilight. At this time, the sun sets, scattering a bleak oblique light. This is the reunion moment when birds return to their nests, cattle and sheep return home and people return home. However, the wanderer is still "the end of the world is reduced." At this moment, this situation, a wandering in a foreign country, in the face of such a bleak and desolate scene, how can it not be sad, heartbroken and heartbroken! The heart of a wandering wanderer drops blood in the autumn wind. ...
It is with such a short ditty that Ma Zhiyuan expresses its indescribable connotation, vividly portrays the sad inner world of a wanderer and gives people a shocking artistic feeling.