Mohammad Lekbar (1877— 1938) is a famous Urdu writer and philosopher in modern India. Born in Sialkot, Pakistan. Received bachelor of arts and master's degree. 1905 went to Europe, studied philosophy and law in Britain and Germany successively, and obtained a doctorate in philosophy from Munich University. Returning to China from 65438 to 0908, he was a professor and dean of philosophy at Lahore Public College, and then resigned to concentrate on politics, philosophy research and poetry creation. Iqbal's philosophy and aesthetic thoughts are mainly expressed through a large number of philosophical poems. Secrets and Mysteries, a collection of poems, is his masterpiece.
The core of iqbal's philosophy and aesthetic thought is "self". He believes that the universe is made up of countless egos, and the egos in all things are always in the process of development from low to high. The human ego has reached a relatively advanced stage, but it still needs to be improved. Only when it develops to have some attributes of God can it be considered "perfect". Beauty is the free expression of this perfect "self". The "ego" in iqbal's aesthetics is a spiritual noumenon, which is similar to the "absolute spirit" in Hegel's aesthetics.
Iqbal believes that love is the motive force for the evolution of "self". Only through sincere faith and love can we realize our perfect ideal. Therefore, he used love to unify truth, goodness and beauty, thinking that "love can reveal beauty, and love is the unit to measure all goodness." Therefore, he believes that artists cannot create truly beautiful works without love in their hearts. Iqbal's thought of "love" is mainly influenced by Sufism, which advocates spiritual combination with God through piety and love. At the same time, iqbal also criticized Sufism's thought of inaction and negative world-weariness, and advocated the realization of perfect ideals through creative labor.
On the relationship between literature and society, iqbal thinks that the value and significance of literature lies in that it must reflect and serve life. He compared the country to the human body and the poet to the eyes. "When the body hurts, the eyes will cry." He attached great importance to the educational function of literature, the content of literary works and the subordination of form to content. He not only opposes the aestheticism of art for art's sake, but also thinks that art that does not serve his own people is meaningless; He also opposes decadence, and thinks that the decadence tendency of literature and art is more destructive to a nation.
Iqbal's philosophy and aesthetic thoughts were formed under the background of great changes in Indian society. He can't break through the orthodox thought of Islam and is influenced by modern western philosophy, so there is a contradiction between the old and the new in his aesthetic thought. As a "spokesman of Muslims", his aesthetic thoughts have exerted a wide and far-reaching influence in India, Pakistan and even the whole Islamic world.