Li Qingzhao, a talented woman through the ages, has a bleak and childless evening scene. A childish remark made her reflect on what a woman should do.
Legend has it that when Shu was breached, Zhao Kuangyin poisoned Meng Changjun, king of Shu, and forced Huarui to be his concubine. Unexpectedly, Madame and Meng Changjun have a deep friendship. Although they drag out an ignoble existence, they still miss Hou Shu and her late husband very much. They are unhappy all day. Zhao Kuangyin is very clever. He saw the clue early, so he used the demise of Houshu to get information. Who knows that Huarui immediately wrote a poem: "The flag was lowered in the city and learned in the palace. One hundred and forty thousand people were disarmed, and none of them were men. " Every sentence in the poem hit Meng Chang and his army and made them blush.
After the change of Jingkang, Zhao Gou, the King of Kang, ascended the throne in Nanjing (now Shangqiu, Henan Province), known as Song Gaozong in history, and was formally established in the Southern Song Dynasty. At that time, Jin people played the trick of "ruling Han with Han" and appointed Zhang Bangchang, who went to Jinying with Zhao Gou, as the "Great Chu" emperor. When Zhang Bangchang heard that Zhao Gou had inherited the unification, he immediately returned the imperial seal to him. The territory of Dasong, which the Jin people worked so hard to lay, was returned to Zhao Song overnight. Gold people quit, and standings south, directed at Zhao Gou. Zhao Gou's first reaction was to flee in a hurry. In the face of the menacing Jin Guo fighters, Zhao Gou ignored the strong opposition of General Zong Ze and fled south blindly. The whole Central Plains fell into the hands of the Jin people, and began to escape for more than 10 years, known as the fugitive emperor.
As the emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Gou was not short of money, guards, ministers or even beautiful women. Running away was like a holiday. But as a common people, it is difficult. In order not to be conquered people, Li Qingzhao and his wife also fled south. This year, Li Qingzhao was 44 years old and her life has entered middle age. Prior to this, Li Qingzhao and her husband Zhao Mingcheng were local officials and lived a carefree life. They have a harmonious relationship and collect stone calligraphy for fun. Later, due to political factors, Zhao's relatives were forced to live in seclusion, and Zhao Mingcheng and Li Qingzhao came to settle in Qingzhou. Zhao changed from a powerful person to an ordinary person. For them, every dark cloud has a silver lining. They put all their energy into stones, calligraphy and paintings and antiques. Every time Mr. and Mrs. Zhao get a wonderful book, they will proofread it together, sort out the title and match the calligraphy and painting equipment, so they will play it carefully and evaluate each other.
At the same time, the couple often sit in the cloister to make tea after dinner. Two people pointed to a room full of books and tortured each other. They guessed right first and drank tea. Enjoy it. On one occasion, when Zhao Mingcheng was not at home, Li Qingzhao wrote a poem "Drunken Flowers" for her husband to tell her feelings. Zhao Mingcheng looked at it and was amazed. But he wanted to win, so he closed the door and forgot to eat and sleep for three days. Finally, he got 50 words, including Li Qingzhao's. After being evaluated, my friend Lu Defu said, "Only three sentences are excellent." What three sentences did Zhao Mingcheng ask? After Liu Defu answered, Zhao Mingcheng couldn't help being speechless. It turned out that Li Qingzhao's "Mo Tao is unattractive, the curtain rolls in the west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers", which made Zhao Mingcheng admire his wife's talent even more.
Zhao Mingcheng later became a magistrate in Jiangning, but after only one year, he was dismissed by the Southern Song Dynasty court because Wang Yi, the ruler of the imperial camp, fled when he rebelled. Li Qingzhao, a strong-willed woman, looked down on her husband from the bottom of her heart after learning of his behavior. 1 129, they fled to Jiangxi together. Walking to the Wujiang River, standing in the place where Xiang Yu, the overlord of the western Chu Dynasty, was defeated and committed suicide, Li Qingzhao couldn't help but think about it and was emotional. Facing the vast river, I casually recited "Summer quatrains". Zhao Mingcheng stood behind her, and when she heard this, she felt sorry for herself and deeply blamed herself. From then on, he was depressed and soon died of an acute illness. Some people may say that Zhao Mingcheng, a weak scholar, is not reluctant to let his front line resist gold? However, we should not forget that Fan Zhongyan is also a scholar. He guards the northwest border, which makes Xixia dare not invade his jurisdiction easily. Wen Tianxiang is also a scholar, recruiting talents, being diligent and taking a clear-cut stand against the Yuan Army. Visible, literati identity is not an excuse for a man to lose courage, and it is understandable that Li Qingzhao looks down on Zhao Mingcheng.
After Zhao Mingcheng's death, Li Qingzhao's life is bound to be even more difficult. In the past, women never married from their fathers, married from their husbands and died from their husbands. Although Li Qingzhao is a talented woman, she is no exception. Before marriage, Li Qingzhao was extremely happy. Her father Li, a student of Su Dongpo, is a scholar. His official position is to mention prisons and the Ministry of Rites. Born in such an official family, Li Qingzhao naturally has no worries about food and clothing. Besides, his mother is the granddaughter of the top scholar Wang, and she is very literate. Therefore, Li Qingzhao inherited her parents' genes and showed her literary talent very early. For example, "Queqing Ci" written by her at the age of 16 is very popular with everyone. Between the lines, it says, "Always remember the sunset in Xiting, and I don't know where to go when I am drunk." Always had a good time, but lost to the swimming pool deep in Zhu Feng. Fight for the ferry, fight for the ferry, and open a beach of gulls and herons. "The words in this poem are concise, only a few fragments are selected, and the touching scenery and the author's happy mood are combined to write the author's good mood when he was young, which makes people want to go boating with her and get drunk.
After Zhao Mingcheng's death, it stands to reason that Li Qingzhao should "do as her husband dies". Unfortunately, however, Zhao Mingcheng and Li Qingzhao have no children. In the past, it was sad to have no children around. In order to survive and bid farewell to the wandering life, Li Qingzhao chose to remarry Zhang Ruzhou at the age of 49. Zhang Ruzhou is also a scholar, a court official and a cadre. When he first came into contact with Li Qingzhao, he took good care of Li. After all, Li Qingzhao's literary talent has long been well known. After the marriage, Zhang Ruzhou's ambition was exposed. It turned out that what he coveted was the stone and stone cultural relics collected by Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng, and he wanted to occupy all the characters. These are the witness of the love between Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng. Li Qingzhao has always regarded her life as her life, and how can she hand it in if the epigraphy has not been compiled?
It is natural for two people to have marital conflicts. Zhang Ruzhou thought she was proud of having such a beautiful woman writer, but later she became angry and sometimes fought because she couldn't win her heart and control her behavior. Has Li Qingzhao ever been such a coward, so naturally she can't live with him. After some twists and turns and even imprisonment, Li Qingzhao finally got rid of Zhang Ruzhou. She is exhausted physically and mentally and never wants to start a family again. From then on, Li Qingzhao chose to die alone. Although she experienced the disaster of remarriage and divorce, Li Qingzhao's will to survive was not depressed, and her enthusiasm for poetry creation was even higher. She has created many works lamenting her life experiences, recalling her hometown and feeling sad. For example, this "Looking for Sound Slowly":
Looking around, lonely and sad. It's the hardest to stop breathing when it's warm and cold. Three glasses and two glasses of wine, how can you beat him? It's late in the wind. Guo Yan is very sad, but this is an old acquaintance.
Yellow flowers are piled all over the floor. Who can pick it now? Looking out the window, how can a person be dark? Indus is raining in Mao Mao, dripping at dusk. This time, what a sad sentence!
The whole article is written word for word, step by step, but it doesn't show a word "worry". The ending begins to make the finishing point, which comes down to "sadness". And "worry" is not enough to summarize a person's personal situation and push it to a higher level. The weight of sadness is immeasurable. The language of the whole word is homely, with delicate feelings, vivid description, rich sounds and feelings, clever use of overlapping words, and even with the sound of tongue and teeth, it conveys feelings, heartbreaking, sobbing and shocking. It is no wonder that the ancients praised it as "a precedent for the ages" and "a peerless style of writing".
In her later years, Li Qingzhao guarded a lonely small courtyard, with no relatives around, and occasionally one or two old friends visited. She has a friend named Sun. Her little daughter is ten years old and very smart. One day, when the children came to play, Li Qingzhao told her that you should learn something. I am old and willing to teach me what I have learned all my life. I don't want my child to blurt out, "It's not a woman's business to have talent." Li Qingzhao couldn't help but gasp. She felt dizzy and held the door frame to avoid falling. Li Qingzhao fell into unprecedented loneliness, and a terrible loneliness came to her. She suddenly found that no one in this world understood her.
"Talent is not a woman's business", this sentence is like slapping Li Qingzhao. Is it because I am accompanied by words that I have such a fate? In fact, as early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, people thought that men's intelligence could achieve their careers, while women's intelligence was not a good thing, but the root of disturbing the world and bringing disaster to the country and the people. So what should women do? This is the "three obedience and four virtues" advocated by the patriarchal society. "Three Congs" has been said before, so I won't repeat it here. The so-called "four virtues" refer to: virtue, speech, tolerance and work, that is to say, being a woman is first of all moral character, and it is necessary to be upright; Then you should have knowledge, appropriate words and appropriate language; Secondly, entry and exit should be dignified and steady, not frivolous and casual; Finally, I know how to manage my family, including the details of life, such as taking care of my husband and teaching my children, respecting the old and loving the young, and being frugal.
As for women dancing and writing, reciting poems and writing poems, it is idle. All children understand these truths, not to mention those adults. Li Qingzhao's addiction to it will naturally make her feel spiritually lonely. Hard to find a bosom friend is the most terrible thing in life. In the twenty-five years of Shaoxing (1 155), Li Qingzhao passed away quietly at the age of at least 73, with persistent yearning for her deceased relatives and infinite disappointment at the difficulty of returning to her hometown.