1. The form is free.
2. The connotation is open
3. Image management is more important than rhetoric.
Comparison between "classical poetry" and "modern poetry": poets are all formed by feeling things and are the reflection of their hearts. "Classical Poetry" expresses tenderness, tenderness, sadness and no resentment with the poetic view of "thinking innocently", emphasizing "between solvable and unsolvable". "Modern poetry" emphasizes the spirit of freedom and openness, and communicates "between the sensible and the intangible" with straightforward situational statements. Such as Yu Guangzhong's "Empty Mountain Pine Nuts":
A pine nut falls
Without warning.
Who should be sent to pick it up?
Is there pine needles or pine roots all over the floor?
Rock slope or moonlight?
Or the passing wind?
It's too late to say now.
Then hurry.
A pine nut falls
Caught by the whole empty mountain
It conveys a broad sense of leisure and tranquility: as long as you keep the peace of mind at any time and are less polluted by fame and fortune, your carefree heart will always be by your side.
First, the diversity of poetic language
First of all, let's learn about the classification of "classical poetry". One is "archaic poetry"-the number of words, tone and part of speech are not limited, and there is no need to rhyme completely. It should belong to free verse, but what is different from modern poetry is the expression of language. The second is "Modern Poetry", which sprouted in the Six Dynasties, formed in the early Tang Dynasty and matured in the hands of Du Fu. Pay attention to meter, level tone, antithesis and rhyme-that is, the number of words is the same, the part of speech is the same, but the tone is the opposite. For example, Jiang Xue of Liu Zongyuan said: "There are no birds in hundreds of mountains, and there are no footprints in thousands of paths; A boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing in the cold river-snow. " The language expression of classical poetry is concise rather than colloquial, emphasizing "inexhaustible meaning". Contrast: Modern poetry-Dusk on Xuzhou Road: Dusk on Xuzhou Road by Ji Xian has two ancient meanings: \ Several old trees are very enjoyable. I didn't wake up until I slept under the fluorescent lamp. I stood in a row and bowed like a bow. I was walking with my dog when I passed by. Deng is a newcomer, and Shu is an old friend for many years. They have a deep understanding of each other.
It reads like a familiar old friend, slowly telling his feelings in our ears.
Second, don't avoid elegance and vulgarity in using words.
Example: the bird of love flies by;
Cigarette stall Lao Li's erhu
Put our alley
Pull it into a long lock of wet hair
The door of the yard is open.
Fragrant tablet suixin
Sink under the cup
On the coffee table
The ashes are just white and cold.
Nothing is better than going to Qiu Lai in spring.
Can you do it for me?
Thousands of dozing postures on rattan chairs.
Give everyone a name?
The evening paper was splashed all over the face.
In sleep
have
bird
Planes flew by in formation.
Show the scenes of the elderly in their later years through vulgarity.
Third, the free display of the author's mood.
Classical poetry-gentle and implicit, the author's mental situation is often depressed and hidden, so the expression is more implicit, but not unrestrained. For example, Hong Yan's Stone Sea;
Your tears turned into the tide. You put me in your tears.
In the waves, your eyes are beating my youth and my old age.
White bubbles tell the glowing shell
You are my childhood lover, my boyhood lover.
When my hair is like silver, you are still my beloved lover.
In the palm of my hand, there is a bunch of your beautiful hair, just like your hand.
Take me to the cold season and the blue season.
Go to that snow-capped ancient city and have a quiet sleep.
When we are too old
It became a pair of butterflies.
The first time you opened your eyes, you saw me, and I was emerging from the cocoon.
We have loved each other for generations.
This is a story I heard when I was a child.
The author expressed his expectation and feelings for love completely without reservation.
The emergence of modern poetry dates back to the New Literature Movement in 19 17, which is a relatively safe statement. Simply put, the purpose of the New Literature Movement is to overthrow the old literature, which is what we now call "classical literature". Hu Shi is the leader of the New Literature Movement. At that time, he advocated that the creation of new poetry (the word "modern poetry" had not been used at this time) had three major principles: (1) breaking the format of five words and seven words. (2) breaking the level. (3) Waste rhyme.
If we carefully consider the contents of the three standards mentioned by Hu Shi, it is not difficult to have certain positive significance. However, the reason why any literature can't move readers is because the responsibility of content is absolutely greater than that of form. This simple concept, the advocate of the new literature movement, mainly Hu Shi, can't help but understand. The New Literature Movement soon became a frenzy, which drowned the literary world in China at that time. The original appeal for literary reform has become a criticism of the old cultural tradition; Coupled with the advocates and creators of new literature, most of them yearned for the strength of western culture at that time, so when they were engaged in literary creation, they deliberately turned to the imitation of western literature, ignoring China's old literature and tradition. Take a new poem "Should Be" written by Hu Shi in "Attempt Collection" as an example: He may love me-he may still love me-\ but he always advises me not to think about him. He often blames me: "On this day, he looked at me with tears in his eyes and said,' Why are you still thinking about me? \ Thinking about me, how can you be right? If you really love me, you should love the person who loves me, and you should treat him like me. "\ Everything you say is good,-\ God help me! \ I should do this!
As far as this poem is concerned, in fact, both writing skills and content are too rough. But Hu Shi himself proudly said at the end of the poem: "The meaning and expression of this poem can't be expressed by the old-style poetry. Needless to say, just saying' he may love me-he may still love me' has several meanings, but can old-fashioned poetry express it? "
Hu Shizhi's confidence in this poem can only be said to be due to his dissatisfaction with the old literary tradition. Otherwise, as far as this poem is concerned, it is at best a branch of prose and can't be said to be a poem. Once the New Literature Movement becomes a trend, it is hard to avoid the cultural and literary traditions of China being put in the cold. Coupled with the influence of western culture, in contrast, the imitation of literature to the west is not only manifested in expression skills, but also in content display and interpretation. Deviating from China's literary tradition and drawing creative sources from western literature has become an important way for modern poets to grow up. Take the poem "Toast to Lizards" as an example to illustrate: I'm glad to be known to the world, but that's not the reason why I'm happy. Today is not my birthday, and I'm not a Nobel Prize winner. Or a beautiful girl sent me flowers. I watched lizards while drinking my glass. A gecko who lost its tail but was not disabled easily turned a lamp moth two or three times bigger than his head into a poor beautiful flying little thing. This reminds me that humans and reptiles don't know who is happier; Darwin and Einstein "don't know which is greater" because every night, hungry lizards hunt on the screen window "is equivalent to poor me scurrying on the manuscript paper with a pen; And when I was naked, my figure was really not much more noble than his. But it is true that he will never read my poems or hear my recitation, just like God's activities at four degrees, five degrees, six degrees or even n degrees, which are never imaginable by poor creatures like us. \ \ So I always like to pour a small glass in the middle of the night \ Wait patiently in front of the empty screen window with black border color \ waiting to see the drama starring the cement-colored tailless palace guard: \ Isn't this much more interesting than watching others award, award, coronation or run for public office? \ Isn't it much more interesting?
Judging from the content of this song "Cheer for Lizards", whatever the form, the rhetoric and expression in it have nothing to do with China's literary tradition. Classical poetry likes to convey the author's subjective feelings through the description of objective scenery, and it is precisely because of this feature that it is often a symbol of family affection. Because the creation of classical poetry is rooted in the cultural tradition of China, readers who know something about China culture can probably find some context. In the creation of classical poetry, it is impossible to use narratives that express the same image continuously, because the ancients thought that "there are too many poems". If we want to violate this principle, we would rather write a composition than a poem.
Fourth, break through the written management mode of China traditional literature.
The biggest difference between modern poetry and classical poetry in image management is that it breaks through the word management mode of China traditional literature to present the images in poetry. Many unique image expressions in modern poetry are expressed in forms different from traditional characters. This phenomenon was first influenced by the "free poetic style" advocated by French symbolism. As for this kind of free verse, it first appeared to get rid of the rules of western classical poetry. Take Dai Wangshu's poem "Sunset" for example: the sunset clouds scatter brocade in the twilight, the streams shed gold in the sunset, and my slender shadow floats on the ground, like a lonely ghost at the bottom of an ancient tree in the mountains. The distant mountains cry purple, and the mourning day ends, but the fallen leaves fly to meet, the skirts end at night, and the breeze is there. \ \ Ancient incense flowed from the wasteland, "bats are fascinated by the branches of old trees", and their lingering whispers echoed in the evening smoke. The quiet night sneaked back from the end of the day, and I wandered affectionately alone. In this lonely heart, I hid my sadness and happiness.
The first two sentences of this poem, "Dusk Clouds and Empty Sky" and "Streams Flowing Gold at Dusk", still have the shadow of China's ancient poems, but other sentences are obviously loose sentences, that is, a free form of poetry. In this free poem, the author constantly uses symbolism to express people's feelings at sunset. The images in this poem are not composed of limited combinations of sentences (such as five words or seven words), but of sentences synthesized by the opening words. Although the emotions contained in the author's heart are symbolic, it is difficult for readers to fully grasp them, but the layers of psychological images show the author's multiple feelings.
As far as modern poetry is concerned, a creative method that breaks through the inherent writing management mode of China's classical poetry can show another kind of literary beauty. This kind of free verse is still widely used by modern poets because it is not limited by form and can express the author's mood in many ways. Many works of modern poetry are mostly created with this kind of free poetry.