How to write prose 1. Be good at establishing ideas "Every article should be based on ideas." The "meaning" of prose exists in the deep soil of life and the vast ocean of life. To obtain it, we must rely on our in-depth observation, feeling, and understanding of life. Therefore, as long as the prose concept is based on the reality of life, with vivid feelings, sharp observation skills, the same pulse as the people of the same era, deep feelings, rich imagination, and deep thinking, you will feel Poetry permeates our lives. This poetic flavor is what touches our souls, what makes our eyes suddenly open, what makes our thoughts suddenly sublime, what makes our emotions purer, it is the inspiration of poetry. If we want to create an idea for our prose, we must capture it quickly. Because there is the trembling of the soul and the flash of thought. Liu Baiyu said: "Even a weak shine is better than no shine. This is not ordinary photography, this is literature." (Preface to "Morning Sun") For example, a writer went to see the camellias. There are many varieties and they are so beautiful. Camellia aroused his thoughts: "Camellia is beautiful. All beautiful things in life are created by labor. Who spends day and night, year after year, watering the flowers with their own sweat, nurturing the flowers like their own children? Yang, finally cultivated such a beautiful flower? We should thank the person who beautified our lives. "This is the sparkle of thought. Writers value it very much, so they wrote down this meaning in time." Later, he heard a gardener introduce a kind of camellia and said: "This is called Tongzimian. It blooms late. It has just opened its buds and is dark red in color. It is the most beautiful." It did not arouse any thought, but he remembered it. The name of this camellia. After a while, a group of children happened to come to see the camellias. This attracted the attention of the writer. He saw the children all raising their bright red faces, smiling sweetly, and chirping incessantly, and his heart suddenly trembled. He couldn't help blurting out: "The boy-noodle camellias are blooming." After hearing this, the gardener realized and said: "Really, there is no more beautiful camellia than this boy-noodle." These words made an idea suddenly jump out of his mind. In his mind, he said: "I got the idea of ??a painting. If I use the thickest and most brilliant vermilion to paint a large camellia with a boy face that has just opened, wouldn't it symbolize the face of the motherland?" So, the writer I wrote the feelings and thoughts caused by looking at the camellia into a prose with rich emotions, "Ode to Camellia". This writer is Yang Shuo. Readers and commentators can understand the author's intention in writing this article through reading: to praise the flowery motherland and the working people who beautify the motherland. 2. Be good at conceiving. Conceiving is a process in which the writer removes the dross and selects the essence, removes the false and retains the true, and processes and refines the life materials from one point to another, from the outside to the inside. The writer should look for the most perfect artistic form for the ideological content of the prose in the process of conception, so that the ideological and artistic qualities can achieve a harmonious unity. Therefore, conception must solve problems such as conception, material selection, artistic conception, determining genre, basic techniques, layout and planning. Here we focus on three issues: determining genre, finding clues, and creating artistic conception. First, determine the genre. The genre of prose is flexible and diverse. When we have a good idea (thought) and select materials to express this idea (thought), we must consider: Should it be written in a letter style or a diary style? Should it be written as an essay or as an occasional piece of writing? Should it be written as a travelogue or a memoir? Should it be written as a preface or postscript, or as a post-reading review? The principle of determining specific genres is that content determines form, and form serves content. For example, after traveling to Suzhou, if you feel the need to report your travels and impressions to your parents, you can write a letter; if you encounter some people or things that moved you during your trip, you can write essays or rambles; After visiting Tiger Hill, Lion Grove, Hanshan Temple, Xiyuan, Liuyuan and other places, you feel that the bell of Hanshan Temple is particularly attractive and arouses your reverie. You can write a poem as poetic as "Lyrics of the Sheji Altar" Lyrical essay; if you are revisiting an old place and recalling the past after eating some local specialties in Suzhou, you can focus on memories and write a recall-style prose like "Memories of Xiaomi"... In short, it should be determined based on the content of the idea. Expression - specific genre. Second, look for clues. The materials of prose should be very "scattered". Each material is a pearl, but these pearls are intrinsically related to each other. We writers must find a thread and use the pen as a needle to connect these scattered pearls. Wear it and it becomes a dazzling bead hoop or necklace. So, what are some clues? One is emotional clues. When our emotions change in life, such as from disgust to love, or from love to disgust, we can use this emotional clue to connect some seemingly unrelated materials. For example, when Yang Shuo wrote "Lychee Honey", he used emotional clues to connect childhood memories, chemotherapy and nursing, lychee forests, Su Shi's poems, tasting honey, visiting apiaries, praising bees, farmers' labor, and dreaming about bees at night. of. The second is clues to things. For example, Cao Jinghua felt in his daily life: Today we still need to carry forward the hard-working spirit of "millet plus rifle" during the Yan'an period, so he collected the past events about millet in his memory, and used millet to record events that happened in different places, at different times, and under different circumstances. Put together. Many prose poems about objects and aspirations also use objects as clues, such as Bing Xin's "Ode to Cherry Blossoms". The third is character clues.
For example, if you write about the activities of a certain character at different times and places, you can use this character as a clue to connect them, or you can use another character to connect things at different times, places, people, and contents. This character can also be the writer himself - "I". The fourth is thought clues. For example, when facing a certain thing or scenery, you can think deeply and daydreamly, "the bird flies to the eight extremes, and the mind wanders thousands of miles", "observes the past and present in a moment, touches the world in an instant", "encloses the heaven and earth in the form, and suppresses all things in the tip of the pen". Through association and imagination, related materials can be organized together to express the original theme. Such as Qin Mu's "Land", Yang Shuo's "Hai Shi", Jia Pingwa's "Ugly Stone", etc. The fifth is scenery clues. "All scenery words are love words." Through the description of the scene, the author's thoughts and feelings are integrated into the description of the scene. Such as "Tianshan Scenery" and "West Lake Scenery". Sixth is action clues. For example, travel notes use the itinerary as clues. Liu Baiyu wrote "Three Days on the Yangtze River" with the journey as the main line. Of course, the whole text also has a philosophical thread: "Battle - Navigation - Through the night towards dawn." "There is no fixed method for writing", there are many clues in prose, and the above six clues are more commonly used by people. Third, create artistic conception. The artistic conception of prose is the blend of emotion and scenery, the unity of intention and scenery, and the unity of the author's subjective feelings, will, natural environment and social environment that are soaked in the spirit of the times. The meaning is the soul, the environment is the flesh and blood. If the intention is high, the realm will be deep; if the intention is low, the realm will be shallow. This artistic conception of prose should be the artistic conception of poetry, which is the so-called "poetry and painting". It is elusive, perceptible, material and figurative, but it is also touching, soul-stirring, spiritual and spiritual. For example, when Zhu Ziqing wrote "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond", the whole article focuses on "a touch of interest". Following the clues of walking along the road and standing in contemplation, the path, lotus pond, flower postures, moonlight, tree shadows, fog, and lights are depicted. ...The colors are dazzling and can be seen and felt, while the fragrance of the leaves, the croaking of frogs and the sound of cicadas can also be tasted and heard. In addition, the expression of mood and clever metaphors create an artistic conception of elegance, tranquility and blending of scenes. This kind of beautiful artistic conception is what prose writers should strive to pursue and deliberately create. Conception methods can be learned from predecessors, but more importantly, we need to innovate ourselves. In the past, a young author invented a "quick prose conception method", which was valued by the editors of "Youth", "Quaishi" and other publications. 3. Skillful in layout. Prose essays are generally short in length, and the layout is convenient. However, if you want to lay it out well, it has its difficulties due to the short length. This is like a small pile of rocks on a large mountain, which often does not detract from the grandeur of the mountain. But if there is a pile of rubble in a small garden, it can easily destroy the beauty of the garden. Therefore, the layout-structure of prose is very important. Visiting Suzhou gardens, we can get inspiration from its exquisite architectural layout, and we can learn from its garden architectural layout to consider the layout of prose. Ye Shengtao wrote in "Suzhou Gardens" that the designers and craftsmen of Suzhou garden architecture "pay attention to the layout of pavilions, terraces and pavilions, the coordination of rockeries and ponds, the contrast of flowers, plants and trees, and the hierarchy of close and distant views. In short, everything They all exist to form a perfect picture, and there will never be any mistakes that are less than beautiful. "As for prose writing, we must also pay attention to the layout, coordination, contrast, and layering of materials. Suzhou gardens do not pay attention to symmetry, but the layout of prose sometimes needs to pay attention to symmetry or contrast. Ye Shengtao also said: "Suzhou gardens pay attention to the beauty of pictures from every angle." So, the overall layout of prose should pay attention to artistry, and its local layout should also pay attention to artistry, shouldn't it? As for the specific methods of layout, there are many, and the clue issues mentioned earlier are also related to layout. What can be emphasized here is that the layout of many proses requires clever "writing eyes". The beginning often seems to be talking about home affairs, and the end is deepened and the finishing touch, "the final chapter shows his ambition", and the beginning and end echo, and the whole body is consistent. Organic combination. If you are new to prose writing, you might as well learn this layout method. 4. Understand discontinuity. To be able to "disperse" prose, in addition to being skillful in selecting materials, you must also pay attention to the technique of discontinuity in narrative writing. Only by understanding discontinuity can the prose be written freely. Jia Pingwa said: "Remember: the more you know about a place, the less likely it is to write nothing or write very little; the blank space is exactly where you want to write." He believes that "pay attention to the processing of blank spaces, firstly prose It can be spread out, broken up, and interrupted, so that the prose can fly and the magic will be revealed. The ancients also said: the intention comes first, so the behavior will be leisurely. It may seem like nonsense, but in the heart. But there are points. "("How to Write Good Prose") We should read more excellent prose works of the ancients and learn other people's discontinuity techniques. After using them many times in writing practice, practice will make perfect.
Scattered but not chaotic and flexible in form
Some people say that the characteristic of poetry is the word "poetry", the characteristic of essays is the word "miscellaneous", and the characteristic of prose is the word "miscellaneous". There is a certain truth to the word "scatter".
The word "Prose" in prose, in addition to the meaning of "Prose" language without rhyme and metrical restrictions (this is the difference between prose and poetry), mainly refers to the writing method of novels and dramas. The "dispersion". In terms of expression, it is the flexible use of narrative, description, lyricism, discussion, etc. For example, narrative prose, although it is mainly about narration, the author can stand up to express emotions or discuss at any time. Some can have more lyrical elements, almost lyrical prose; although lyrical prose is mainly lyrical, it is inseparable from narrative and description. Some are combined with discussions.
In terms of structure, the prose should be spread out. It should revolve around the theme and central clue, and can sometimes write about the present and sometimes write about the past. The sea and the sky are broad, and it can be written freely. Therefore, Mr. Lu Xun said: "The genre of prose can actually be arbitrary" ("The Complete Works of Lu Xun", Volume 10, page 154). The "looseness" of this writing method is the characteristic and strength of prose. If prose is "scattered" but not scattered, it will be written in a dull way and the ideas will not be broad. It is difficult to express the theme better.
The characteristic of "From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore" is that it is scattered but not chaotic. This prose finally gathers the scattered narratives into the central clue. Theme, like a red thread running through the whole article, organizes all fragments of material into a bundle of wholes. Moreover, it is focused on the center from beginning to end and sticks closely to the topic, which is why it is scattered but not chaotic.
3. Good at lyricism and beautiful language
Prose is a literary genre that is good at lyricism. This is because: (1) Its form is flexible, and the author can use lyrical methods at any time according to the needs of expression. (2) It generally uses the first person to write about what "I" see, hear, and feel. In the author's narration, we can directly hear the author's voice and feel the beating of his pulse. These two points cannot be compared with other genres except poetry.
Although prose can be divided into lyric prose and narrative prose, in fact, there is no absolute boundary between the two. Of course, lyrical prose should have sincere and strong feelings, and narrative cannot be without the author's emotional excitement. The only difference is that the former is more direct and lyrical, while the latter mostly embodies emotion in narrative or description. For example, the ending of the contradictory "Praise to Poplar" uses a lyrical way to express one's heart directly. This is an important lyrical method that, when used appropriately, can play a touching role. "Let those who look down on the people, despise the people, and stubbornly regress, praise the aristocratic nanmu (which also has straight trunks and beautiful hair
) and despise the poplar which is very common and easy to grow. ! But I want to praise the poplar tree loudly! "There are many ways to express emotions indirectly, such as choosing the most affectionate typical materials and details; appropriately arranging language, conveying emotions through the rhythm of language, etc. Here I would like to briefly talk about the issue of "supporting things to express one's ambitions".
Expressing one's ambitions through objects or expressing one's feelings on a scene, as an artistic technique to indirectly express feelings, is often used by authors in poetry and prose (in most cases, it is often supplemented by direct expression of emotion) ). The poplar in "Praise to the Poplar" has something to support: "I want to praise the poplar tree because it not only symbolizes the farmers in the north, but especially symbolizes the simplicity and strength that are indispensable in our national liberation struggle today. And the spirit of striving for progress." The beautiful but somewhat cold and lonely scenery of the lotus pond reflected by the moonlight in Zhu Ziqing's "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond" is exactly the portrayal of his depressed mood of being dissatisfied with the dark reality and unable to find a way out. Using this technique to express emotions is profound, more poetic and thought-provoking.
When using this technique, special attention should be paid to the following: when writing "things", the "shape" must be truly "spiritually" similar, and the relationship between "things" and "ambition" and "retention" must be There are some similarities or connections. Isn't the image of the white poplar written in "Praise to the White Poplar" its simple appearance, towering height, and fearlessness of the cold, exactly what it is? This image can naturally arouse our association, and we can see some obvious similarities between it and the farmers in northern my country who are struggling for national liberation. A broader definition of genre is that there are only four categories of genre: prose, poetry, drama, and novels. Prose is a style of writing that expresses what you have seen, heard, and felt freely and flexibly. Its form is concise and friendly. Express the author's feelings about life or nature. The biggest difference between prose and narrative is that the life, nature, events, scenery, etc. written in prose are all based on the author's own perception and are the author's discovery of the special meaning and beauty of things. This kind of discovery is the result of comprehensive thinking of perception, thinking, and feeling. It embodies the author's profound insights and is the emotion, reason, meaning, and taste of the prose. Narratives record people and events in life, and do not start from the author's feelings. Prose draws on a wide range of materials, covering all phenomena, all things in the universe, all kinds of people, macro and micro. Once these materials appear in the article, they are immediately engraved with the author's subjective perceptions, representing the author's life experience, opinions and feelings. . Therefore, different authors see different connotations of the same material. Here, we call the material of the prose "shape" and the author's perception "spirit". The stylistic characteristics of prose are: form disperses and spirit gathers. The writing style of prose is more lively, free and eclectic than other styles. The common method is lyrical. Even narratives are full of strong feelings. Prose often integrates narrative, lyricism, discussion, etc., with narrative and discussion included. The expression technique can be surprising and give readers a fresh and unique reading experience. The structure of prose pursues a natural state. In the selection of materials, associative techniques are generally used. Generally speaking, the lyrical prose is sometimes majestic, and sometimes it is low-pitched; the narrative prose is poetic and picturesque, with winding paths; the argumentative prose is sincere and exciting... However, no matter how the author arranges the words, , how to organize the materials, in the final analysis, is to express his special feelings about life or nature.
Basic level 1. Full of emotion Without emotion, it would not be prose. Prose has the highest demands on the author's subjective emotions among all literary styles, second only to poetry.
The general rule of prose writing is: you suddenly have insights into things, life, and landscapes, and your insights are deepened and sublimated, and then written perfunctorily. This perception is the essence of prose and the central idea of ??prose. But to express such a central idea, one must be lyrical. Therefore, good prose, narrative, and discussion all contain strong emotions, and there is emotion permeating every word. For example, the Hebei Provincial High School Entrance Examination Excellent Essay "Moved by Every Little True Feeling" starts from the little things in life and expresses the feelings I feel from them. When writing such an article, events are not the main thing, the key lies in abundant emotions. Another example is the Xuzhou City High School Entrance Examination composition "The Dream of Obtaining Youth", which eulogizes the beauty of youth throughout and makes passion surge. Articles always move people with emotion, and prose is even more so. 2. Unique conception: The conception of prose is actually the perception of prose. Only with sentiment can there be writing of prose. But ordinary insights are unpopular. Seeing candles reminds us of teachers, seeing sunflowers reminds us of primary school students... These "insights" no longer give us a sense of beauty, but hatred; in this way, writing is no longer about producing spiritual products, but about producing spiritual products. Murder our desire to read. The purpose of prose requires uniqueness, which means that the author's insights reflect the author's unique emotions, unique feelings, and unique experiences, and are spiritual products that cannot be produced by others. Such as "Human, stop!" ” article. The purpose of the article is to focus on a new interpretation of the term "Tian Jing Sha·Qiu Si". It is divided into three subtitles: 1. Dead vines + talented trees + dusky crows = high-quality wood; 2. Small bridges + running water + people = daily necessities for humans; 3. Ancient roads + west wind + thin horses = delicious food on the table. This ingenious idea fully reflects the agility and form characteristics of prose. Of course, there is no unique discovery about environmental issues, but the author does not simply state that we must protect the environment, but focuses on "what people are doing, what they have done, and what the consequences are", reminding people that they should reflect on it. 3. Xing San Shen Ju This is about the material of prose. We responded with "Human, stop it!" 》For example. The full text is divided into three parts. The feelings expressed by the quoted verses have nothing to do with the main purpose of this article, but through the author's clever association, they are completely consistent with the core of this article. The material it references is also several seemingly unrelated scenes. This form is very scattered, but they all point to the same theme: protecting the environment. This is the advantage of prose, which can make the article lively and varied. 4. Concrete sentiments Prose takes sentiment as its soul, but what the sentiment is must be clearly stated in the article. Some prose is implicit and does not state the feelings, but the scenery, characters, and events in the article can all reflect the feelings. The perception should be clear and clear, just like the theme of the narrative. It should be clear, gratifying, and thought-provoking, and it should appear clearly in the article. For example, the article "Close to You" expresses the abstract "experience" through a large number of concrete images: "For the first time, the baby bird avoided the care of his loving mother and flew under the blue sky and white clouds. He experienced the broadness of freedom; the bud After a spring rain, he smiled and looked at the world with novelty, and he experienced the chaos of the world; the petrels sang in the storm, bravely publicizing the arrival of the revolutionary torch, and he experienced the joy of victory; the butterfly came for the first time Going to the big garden, flying east and west, colorful flowers bloomed for her, and she experienced the passion of the world..." Through these specific images, the author's feelings can easily be empathized with by readers.
Development level 1. Be subtle in writing and see the big from the small. As mentioned above, prose often wins by surprise and wins with less, which is said to be a method of expressing the center of prose. This use of prose is unique. In general prose writing, we can start from the small aspects, so that less can overcome more and small things can make big things happen. In fact, a small thing in life, a tear or a smile; a leaf, a grain of sand... can all reflect the big theme. "Little Bits of True Love Move Me" is such a masterpiece. It focuses on small things that we often encounter in life, but for a thoughtful person, they can also write good articles.
2. Mix narration and discussion, and have true feelings. Whether it is implicit feelings or passionate feelings, the author's situation must be truly expressed. Because prose contains insights into life or things, it must be expressed in narratives and protocols to guide readers to understand and appreciate the meaning of the article. Articles such as "The Smile of the Lily" organically combine narrative and discussion, making the whole text emotionally true and natural.
The most unique thing about prose is that the form is scattered but the spirit is not scattered.
The most important thing is sincere feelings
If an article wants to move others, it must first move yourself. As one of many literary styles, prose is certainly no exception! As prose, its main style is that the form is loose but the spirit is not loose. The materials of prose are generally derived from real life, so it has a certain degree of authenticity in emotion. It is the sincere expression of this simple emotion that arouses the readers' screams. Many prose All famous works adopt a point-to-point approach, which triggers emotional sublimation from certain scenes and things in life... Therefore, when writing prose, you should pay attention to: first, the material must be true, second, the entry point must be correct, and thirdly, Emotional Sublimation 4. Keep close to the meaning of the question and stay focused. 5. Use rhetorical techniques such as metaphors and parallelism... I hate those who copy the answers from the Internet. If you want such answers, it is better to search for them yourself.
The guy who only said two sentences has an idea, let’s adopt his suggestion