In ancient Chinese poetry theory, the three words Fu, Bi and Xing are summarized as three expression techniques in poetry creation.
Wang Wenlu, a man of the Ming Dynasty, said: "If you don't understand Fu, Bi and Xing when writing poetry, and you don't understand the king, ministers and envoys when making medicine, how can you write poetry?"
Zhu Xi said: "The person who writes poetry should explain it. To express things directly; to compare, to compare other things with this thing; to express things first, to evoke the words to be chanted."
According to this understanding, the so-called Fu is realism. To state things in a straightforward manner; to compare means to metaphor and to compare; to express means to write about other things first.
Extended information:
Analysis of Fu Bixing
1. Fu
Fu method, that is, direct statements and descriptions of situations, Express your thoughts directly, describe the characters directly, describe the uncle directly, and write the scenery directly. It’s a matter of telling us “what” it is. Before the Tang Dynasty, people had more gifts, but later they became more and more reserved and had less gifts. For example, Xiang Yu's "Gaixia Song":
Strive to move the mountains and the world is overwhelming, but the times are not good and the glory will not fade away.
There is nothing you can do if your glory does not die! Yu Xi, Yu Xi, what can I do?
This is a tragic song that expresses the end of a hero and tells the story. It expresses the heart directly and is impassioned. The requirements of Fu are: first, it must be explained clearly and clearly; second, it must pay attention to twists and turns, ups and downs, and cannot be as plain as water, without poetic flavor; third, it must have a main line, especially narrative poems.
2. Comparison
Simile. It’s just a more obvious analogy. For example, Liu Zongyuan's "Looking at the Mountains with the Master Hao Chu to Send Relatives to Beijing":
The sharp mountains by the sea are like swords, and the coming of autumn cuts the heart of sorrow everywhere.
If I were to incarnate into a thousand billions, I would disperse to the top of the mountain and look at my hometown.
In this poem, "the sharp mountains are like swords" is a simile.
3. Xing
Xing, as an artistic technique, is mainly used to enhance the atmosphere, touch shadows and emotions, and sometimes also play a harmonious role in syllables. It’s often a matter of “what comes to mind”.
It serves as a starting point for what follows. Zhu Xi said: "Those who are interested should first talk about other things to trigger the words to be chanted." That is, at the beginning of the whole poem or paragraph, first say something that is not directly related to the thing to be said, or has no obvious connection, but it is enlightening. The role of , guide below. For example, Wang Changling's "Grudges between Boudoirs":
The young woman in her boudoir knows no worries, and goes up to the green building with her makeup in the spring.
Suddenly I saw the color of willows on the street, and I regretted teaching my husband and son-in-law to find a title.
The first two sentences are about a girl who doesn’t know what sorrow is and goes upstairs happily. This originally had nothing to do with "girlfriend grudges", but after going upstairs, she suddenly saw a willow tree. , thinking that it would be wrong to break the willows and say goodbye, sending "husband-in-law to seek the title of marquis", and now he is alone in the empty house, which arouses resentment.