Lesson 1 cherish priceless self-esteem
Self-esteem and self-confidence are what everyone needs.
Self-esteem: self-respect, that is, neither bowing to others nor allowing others to discriminate or insult.
Generally speaking, it is difficult for a person without self-esteem to gain respect from others.
Knowing shame is an important manifestation of self-esteem.
Vanity: it is a kind of psychology that pursues superficial glory and brilliance. (Know the concrete expression of modesty in life)
Respect for others is my need.
Respect for others is the need of self-esteem and self-improvement.
We have the responsibility to care about others' self-esteem and safeguard their dignity.
To win the respect of others, we must respect others first.
Respect the performance of others: (1) Be kind to each other from the perspectives of appreciation, encouragement and expectation; (2) Don't do anything that harms others and does not benefit others.
Respect each other to win respect.
Self-respecting people value their personality most.
Bad habits in life that are detrimental to personality: lying, shirking responsibility, seeking personal gain for the public, and refusing to obey the yin.
Self-esteem is philosophical: don't care too much about other people's comments and attitudes, but have moderate self-esteem.
The most basic performance of respecting others is to be polite to others, respect their labor and respect their personality.
How to respect others? (1) First of all, be good at appreciating and accepting others; Secondly, don't do anything that hurts others' personality.
Respect can make people rational, make people repent, awaken people's conscience and produce inestimable follow-up effect.
Lesson 2 Raise the sail of self-confidence
"I can do it!"
Every successful person believes that "I can do it".
The experience of "I can do it" comes down to believing that I can do it in thought, showing that I can do it in behavior and experiencing that I can do it in emotion.
Self-confidence is a person's confidence in his own strength, and it is a person who can accomplish something and achieve the goal he pursues.
Inferiority and conceit are misunderstandings about self-confidence. (1) People with low self-esteem look down on themselves, can't see their own abilities, can do well, and dare not try; A conceited person thinks he is great, overestimates himself, looks down on others and is self-righteous. (Pay attention to distinguish between these two kinds of people in life)
Self-confidence is the cornerstone of success.
Conceit and inferiority are both self-centered, and a self-centered mentality will keep him away from success.
Self-confidence contributes to the good psychological quality of successful and confident people: (1) optimism, (1) curiosity and (1) concentration.
Sing a song of confidence
Only with self-confidence can you achieve, and only with achievement can you be more confident.
See the progress in our study and life (think about it)
Finding your own strengths is the foundation of self-confidence.
Strength is the most important lever to support confidence.
Only by combining personal destiny with the development of the motherland can our self-confidence have a rock-solid foundation.
Lesson Three: Towards Self-reliance
Do your own thing.
Self-reliance means doing your own thing well.
Self-reliance in life (for example)
Life needs self-reliance: walk into society, experience storms and see the world; The law requires us to be self-reliant.
What abilities do we need to cultivate to become self-reliant? For example, display: ① the ability to sell oneself, ② the ability to communicate with others and be considerate, ③ the ability to protect one's rights and interests by law, ④ the ability to constantly learn and enrich oneself, and so on.
Say goodbye to dependence and move towards self-reliance
Harm of relying on thought: ① It will make people lose the ability and spirit of independent life, and it will make people lack the sense of responsibility for life, resulting in personality defects. (2) If you just want to get something for nothing and enjoy it, you will not be able to adapt to social life and even endanger society and others. It's a way of committing a crime.
Farewell to dependence, an important performance is to live independently.
The premise of being responsible for your own affairs is independence. Autonomy means having your own opinions and being responsible for your actions. )
The relationship between self-reliance and autonomy: the premise of self-reliance is autonomy, and the performance of autonomy is self-reliance.
With the desire for independence, that is, the consciousness of self-reliance, how can we cultivate our self-reliance ability? The most basic thing is to start with small things according to the problems in your current life and study. Practice more and exercise more. Just as "to know the taste of pears, you must taste them yourself;" Learn to swim and practice repeatedly in the water. "Please list the little things or problems you need to do in your life and study.
Please talk about: How did you "bid farewell to dependence and move towards self-reliance"? (1) Ideologically recognize the harm of dependence and take the initiative to bid farewell to dependence; (2) Learn to be independent, which is the premise of self-reliance; (3) Based on the little things in current life and study, do more exercises and exercises.
Lesson 4 Self-reliance in Life
The self-improvement of life begins in adolescence.
Self-improvement means being full of hope for the future and always striving for progress.
The spirit of self-improvement is manifested in the face of difficulties: (1) Do not bow, do not be discouraged; (2) Self-respect and self-love, neither supercilious nor supercilious; (3) be brave in pioneering and enterprising; (4) Aim high and pursue persistently; Wait a minute.
Self-improvement is the ladder to success.
Self-destruction and self-improvement are opposites.
Self-abandonment refers to laziness, muddling along, not seeking progress, not making progress.
People who give up on themselves will eventually accomplish nothing.
Teenagers can be self-reliant
All people who strive for self-improvement have a common feature: persistent pursuit of life ideals.
The key to self-improvement: overcoming yourself. Shortcut to self-improvement: foster strengths and avoid weaknesses.
Man's greatest enemy: himself.
How do teenagers improve themselves? (1) Establish a correct ideal; (2) to overcome their own weaknesses; (3) foster strengths and avoid weaknesses. In the journey of self-improvement, we can break the waves and reach the other side of success.
Unit 3 Be a strong-willed person
Lesson 5 let setbacks enrich our lives
Life is bound to have setbacks.
Setbacks are the so-called "nails", that is, failures, failures and obstacles that people encounter.
Frustration is accompanied by life; Setbacks are everywhere and inevitable.
There are many factors that cause frustration: (1) natural and man-made disasters that cannot be predicted and prevented in time, (2) various human factors, and (3) personal moral quality, intelligence, physical strength, appearance and some physical defects.
In the face of setbacks and difficulties, there are roughly three kinds of people: (1) people who are timid, (2) people who are not determined or easily satisfied, and (3) people who are strong-willed and have firm beliefs. The third kind of people are good at turning stumbling blocks on the way forward into stepping stones, thus achieving sharp success, realizing the value of life and enjoying real life.
Be calm in the face of setbacks
The function of frustration: (1) Negative effects make people have negative psychology such as sadness, anxiety, anxiety and fear. ⑵ Positive effects temper will and increase talents and wisdom. (The product "Suffering makes a success" and "Mussels become pearls from illness")
The most precious gift that people win after overcoming setbacks again and again: wisdom.
An effective method of frustration? (1) Establish a correct life goal. ⑵ Correctly understand setbacks and adopt appropriate solutions. ⑶ Stimulate the enthusiasm for exploration and innovation. (4) self-guidance.
The effective way to overcome setbacks and negative psychology is to explore and innovate wholeheartedly.
Methods of self-guidance: ① Reasonable venting, ② Empathy and ③ Sublimation of goals.
Lesson 6 Cheer for being strong
Let's choose to be strong
What are the manifestations of strong-willed people? Strong-willed people (1) have a clear and profound understanding of the motives and purposes of their actions. (2) Be able to judge what happened calmly and quickly in complex situations and take decisive measures and actions without hesitation. (3) When encountering setbacks and failures, you can adjust your negative emotions, control your words and deeds, and not be discouraged, discouraged or anxious. (4) Be able to overcome setbacks and difficulties with indomitable spirit and perseverance and achieve your goals. (that is, self-conscious, decisive, self-controlled and tenacious. )
The meaning (function) of strong will? (1) A firm and correct direction in life requires a strong will. It takes a strong will to get out of the shadow of failure. (3) It takes a strong will to form good study habits. It takes a strong will to achieve something.
The key to turning failure into success lies in whether you have a strong will.
Steel is made in this way.
How is a strong will tempered? (1) We must set clear goals. (2) We should start from the details and start from a small age. ⑶ Be good at managing yourself. (4) Exercise yourself actively in a tough environment. What small things need to be started: think about it.
Taste: the blade comes from sharpening, and the plum blossom fragrance comes from bitter cold.
Unit 4 Law-abiding people
Lesson 7 Feeling the Dignity of Law
Close to the law
Rules are the standards for people to speak and do things, that is, the rules of conduct that all members of society should follow.
It is very important to have rules, understand rules and obey them.
There are many rules around us. It can be divided into morality, discipline and law.
The distinctive feature of the law is that (1) is formulated or recognized by the state. (2) National coercive force is mandatory to ensure its implementation. (3) It is universally binding on all members of society.
Our life is inseparable from the law.
China's laws: as the embodiment of the people's will and interests, regulate the behavior of all members of society by stipulating their rights and obligations.
Role of law: (1) normative role. Outstanding performance is to stipulate what people can do, what they must do, what they should do and what they should not do. (2) protection.
The law is inviolable.
An important condition for us to maintain self-esteem, cultivate self-confidence and achieve self-reliance and self-improvement is to abide by the rules, especially not to violate the law.
An illegal act, any failure to perform the obligations stipulated by law, or any act prohibited by law is illegal.
Illegal acts can be divided into administrative violations, civil violations and criminal violations. (unconstitutional act)
Administrative violations and civil violations are also called general violations; Criminal violations are serious violations and criminal acts.
Criminal law is a law that defines what a crime is and what punishment to give to criminals in the name of the state.
Crime refers to an act that has serious social harm and violates the criminal law and should be punished according to law.
Crime has three basic characteristics: first, it has serious social harm. Serious harmfulness is the most essential feature of crime. Second, it violates the criminal law. Criminal illegality is the legal symbol of crime. Third, the behavior that should be punished by punishment. Those who should be punished must be punished, which is the serious harm of crime and the inevitable consequence of criminal violation.
Penalty, also known as criminal punishment and criminal punishment, refers to a compulsory method for the people's court to punish criminals.
The types of punishment in China are divided into: principal punishment, including public surveillance, criminal detention, fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment and death penalty; Supplementary punishments include fines, deprivation of political rights and confiscation of property.
10 crime has always been the focus of national laws, and criminals will eventually be punished by bloodline.
Be nipped in the bud
Obeying the law is a manifestation of practicing morality.
The criminal's psychology is to get some satisfaction.
We should hate crime in our hearts and stay away from it in our actions.
The law regulating the behavior of minors is the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency.
Think about it, what are the bad behaviors around us? And can take corresponding preventive and corrective measures.
Taste: "near Zhu Zhechi, near ink is black"; "If a small hole is not mended, a big hole will suffer". "Suddenly take evil for it, and suddenly take good for it."
The law protects my growth
Special protection, special care
All citizens under the age of 18 are minors.
The laws that specifically protect our legitimate rights and interests are the Law on the Protection of Minors in People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency in People's Republic of China (PRC).
In the law on the protection of minors, we have set up four lines of defense: family protection, school protection, social protection and judicial protection.
The meaning of family protection: parents or other guardians are required to perform their duties of raising and guarding minors according to law and respect their right to education.
The meaning of school protection: schools and other educational institutions are required to educate minors according to law to protect their physical and mental health and legitimate rights and interests.
School protection involves the education and development of minors, the maintenance of personal rights and the protection of life safety.
The meaning of social protection: the whole society is required to create a social environment conducive to the healthy growth of minors.
Social protection includes social and cultural protection, physical health protection, labor protection, freedom and spiritual protection of minors.
The meaning of judicial protection: Public security organs, people's procuratorates, people's courts and judicial administrative departments are required to perform their duties according to law and implement special protection measures for minors.
Make good use of the law to protect yourself
Our most powerful weapon for safeguarding rights and interests is the law.
Institutions that can provide us with legal help: legal service offices, law firms, notary offices, legal aid centers, etc.
Ways to safeguard our legitimate rights and interests: 1) non-litigation means; 2) means of litigation.
Non-litigation means is an effective means to safeguard our legitimate rights and interests. Including: (1) reflecting problems to relevant government departments, judicial organs, people's organizations and relevant social organizations. , and seek help to solve the problem; (2) Resolving disputes through mediation and arbitration and protecting citizens' rights and interests.
The meaning of litigation: refers to the procedure that the people's court handles disputes with the participation of interested parties.
Litigation is the most formal, authoritative and effective means to safeguard our legitimate rights and interests, and it is the last barrier to protect our rights and interests.
Litigation is usually divided into three types: criminal litigation, civil litigation and administrative litigation.
Criminal proceedings: refers to the activities of state organs to expose and prove crimes and criminals according to law with the participation of the parties and other participants in the proceedings.
Civil litigation: it is an activity that people's courts try cases and resolve disputes according to law with the participation of the parties and other participants in litigation.
Administrative litigation: commonly known as "litigation", it is an activity of the people's court to solve administrative disputes in accordance with judicial procedures with the participation of both parties.
10 dares to go to court.
1 1 It is the unshirkable responsibility of all citizens, including our teenagers, to fight against illegal and criminal acts.
12 criminals are often fierce and cunning. When we fight it, we should be brave and resourceful. An effective and good method: try to keep the gangsters steady, remember their looks and whereabouts, and call "1 10" in time.
Day 1 and Volume 2
First, fill in the blanks:
1, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty established the Sui Dynasty, with Chang 'an as its capital. In 589, the Sui Dynasty unified the north and the south.
2. After the reunification of the Sui Dynasty, in order to strengthen the political control over the south and facilitate the transportation of grain, cloth and silk from the south of the Yangtze River to the north, the Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty was opened, with Luoyang as the center, Zhuo Jun County (now Beijing) in the north and Yuhang in the south, with a total length of four or five thousand miles [note the map on page 4 of the textbook]. Its excavation connected the north-south traffic, promoted the development of economy and commercial towns along the canal, and played a positive role in consolidating unity. But at that time, forced labor was too heavy and too urgent, which triggered the uprising.
3. During the reign of Emperor Taizong, political clarity, economic development and social stability were known in history as "the rule of Zhenguan". In the early period of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the economy was prosperous, and the feudal society showed unprecedented prosperity, which was called "the flourishing age of Kaiyuan" in history.
The imperial examination system began in Sui Dynasty and was perfected in Tang Dynasty. 1905 Qing government stopped the imperial examination.
5. Wu Zetian became the only female emperor in the history of China, and later generations called her rule for more than 20 years "the legacy of Zhenguan".
6. "Tang Sancai" is a newly created glazed pottery in the Tang Dynasty, with cyan, green and yellow as the main colors.
7. The local administrative system that ruled the remote ethnic groups in the Tang Dynasty was called "Fanzhen" at that time.
8. Tubo is the ancestor of Tibetans, and the marriage between Princess Wencheng and Songzan Gambo has strengthened the ties between China and Tibet.
9. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, monks from Jian Zhen traveled eastward to Japan. Xuanzang, a monk in the Tang Dynasty, wrote The Tale of the Western Regions of Datang, which is an important work to study the history of Central Asia and the Indian Peninsula.
10, the turning point of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline was the Anshi Rebellion (755-763). The five dynasties of Hou Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han and Wu Hou are collectively called the Five Dynasties.
1 1, in 960, Zhao Kuangyin, a general of the later Zhou Dynasty, launched a mutiny in Chen Qiao, established the Song Dynasty, and made Tokyo its capital.
12, Yang Ye and Li Gang were famous anti-Liao generals in the Northern Song Dynasty, and Yue Fei was famous anti-Jin generals in the Southern Song Dynasty.
13, after the Southern Song Dynasty, the south economy surpassed the north, and the economic center shifted to the south.
14. The earliest paper money in the world was Jiaozi in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the paper money in the Southern Song Dynasty was Huizi.
15, 1206, Temujin was elected as "Genghis Khan" and the Great Khan of Mongolia. 127 1 year, the official title of Kublai Khan in Mongolia is "Dayuan". 1279, Yuan Dynasty unified the whole country.
16, Tibet and Taiwan Province Province became official administrative regions from the Yuan Dynasty.
18. During the Yuan Dynasty, Italian traveler Kyle Polo lived in China for more than ten years and wrote Travel Notes of Marco Polo.
19 and 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming dynasty. In order to strengthen the monarchical power, the rulers of the Ming Dynasty set up a special spy agency, the East Factory and the West Factory.
20. In the Qing Dynasty, the military headquarters gradually became the center of the emperor's handling of national military and political affairs and issuing orders.
2 1, China literary inquisition started from Zhu Yuanzhang, and Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties were the best.
22. 1405—— 1433, Zheng Heqi went to the western ocean, passed through more than 30 countries and regions, and reached the east coast of Africa and the coast of the Red Sea as far as possible. This is a feat in the history of world navigation, which has promoted the economic development of China, Asia and Africa.
23. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Japanese pirates appeared in the coastal areas of China. Qi Jiguang, a famous national hero in Ming Dynasty, put down the Japanese aggression.
24. 1624 Holland invaded Taiwan Province province, 1662 Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan Province province, 1684 Qing government established Taiwan Province government, which was subordinate to Fujian province.
25. The Great Wall of Ming Dynasty starts from Yalu River in the east and ends at Jiayuguan in the west, winding for more than 6,000 kilometers, which is one of the wonders of the world.
26. Li Shizhen, a famous medical scientist in Ming Dynasty, wrote Compendium of Materia Medica; Xu Guangqi, a scientist, compiled an agricultural encyclopedia-Encyclopedia of Agricultural Administration, and Tiangong Kaiwu in Song Dynasty was called "17th century China craft encyclopedia" by foreign countries.
Zhao Zhouqiao, designed by Li Chun, a craftsman of Sui Dynasty, is the oldest stone arch bridge in the world.
28. In the Ming Dynasty, classical novels flourished. The most famous novels are The Romance of Three Kingdoms, The Water Margin, The Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions, which represent the highest achievements of China's classical novels.
29. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, a famous painting by Zhang Zeduan in the Song Dynasty, shows the urban features of Kaifeng in the Northern Song Dynasty, which is an encyclopedic picture of urban life art.
Matteo Ricci, an Italian missionary, was one of the first foreign missionaries to come to China.
3 1. The Tang Dynasty was the golden age of China's poetry. Li Bai, a "immortal poet", and Du Fu, a "sage poet", both have a history of poetry. Guan Hanqing's masterpiece Yuan. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Wu Daozi was known as a "sage in painting".
32. 1689, China and Russia signed the first border treaty in Nebuchadnezzar.
33. During the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties, the people were able to recuperate and the economy was prosperous, so it was called "the prosperous time of Kanggan".
34. Movable type printing was invented by Bi Sheng in the Northern Song Dynasty. The compass was invented during the Warring States Period. In the late Tang Dynasty, gunpowder was used in the military.
Second, question and answer:
1. Evaluation of Emperor Taizong and the Rule of Zhenguan;
A: (1), knowing people and being good at their duties. He employs people regardless of seniority, personal relationships and personal grievances. As long as he has the talent to run the country and keep the country safe, he entrusts him with an important task. (2) Accept training with an open mind. During the reign of Emperor Taizong, many ministers made suggestions, the most famous of which was Wei Zhi.
Emperor Taizong was an outstanding emperor in the history of China. He has been in office for more than 20 years, with clear politics, economic development, low prices and social stability, which is known as "the rule of Zhenguan" in history. This is a period of political tolerance, opening to the outside world and strong national strength in the ancient history of China.
2. Compare the Qin Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty:
Qin Dynasty and Sui Dynasty
Ruling time 15 38 years.
The significance of reunification ended the long-term separatist regime, merger and melee since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and achieved national reunification for the first time, ending the long-term separatist regime since the Western Jin Dynasty and rebuilding the national unity.
Political system: 1, Prime Minister, Qiu, Imperial Commissioner.
2, county system 1, three provinces and six departments
2. Imperial examination system
The Great Wall Canal is a great project.
Causes of extinction 1, harsh laws
2, military service, corvee heavy 1, tyranny is fiercer than tiger.
2, arrogance and extravagance, abuse of power
Influence 1, Han inherited the Qin system
2. Han accepted the lesson of Qin's death, recuperated 1, and adopted Cheng Tang Sui system.
2. Tang accepted the lessons of Sui Dynasty's death and the rule of Zhenguan.
3. Comparing Qin Shihuang, Han Wudi and Emperor Taizong, what are their similarities and differences? Which emperor do you think is the tallest?
A: Their similarities are: (1) talented; (2) Heroic and decisive; (3) Be brave in innovation.
Difference: (1), Qin Shihuang's rule was too harsh and cruel. (2) Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also had a belligerent side. Although he can consolidate national defense and expand territory, excessive consumption of human resources is harmful to society. Fortunately, he was able to pull back from the brink. (3) Emperor Taizong was enlightened and tolerant. He was able to listen to opinions with an open mind, coachable, and advocated "Hua Yi family" in dealing with ethnic relations, which was particularly commendable.
4. Recall: Taiwan Province Province has been an inalienable part of the territory of China since ancient times. Please use historical facts to prove this assertion:
A: (1) During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan sent a general Wei Wen and others to lead a fleet to Taiwan Province Province (then called Yizhou), and the mainland and Taiwan Province Province began large-scale exchanges.
(2) Sui Dynasty: Zhu Kuan led a fleet to Taiwan Province Province (then called Liu Qiu).
(3) Yuan Dynasty: A patrol department was established in Penghu to manage Penghu and Ryukyu (now Taiwan Province Province).
(4) Qing Dynasty: Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan Province Province occupied by Dutch colonists; During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Taiwan Province Province belonged to the territory of the Qing Dynasty, and the Qing government established the Taiwan Government, which was under the jurisdiction of Fujian Province.
(5) After World War II: After the Japanese surrendered, on 1945, 10/0, on October 25th, the China government recovered Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands and resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Taiwan Province Province.
5. Compare the methods of selecting officials between Qin and Han Dynasties and Sui and Tang Dynasties, list their differences and connect them with real life. Which do you think is easier to get talents, recommendation or examination? Better reflect the spirit of fair competition?
A: The difference between Qin and Han dynasties and Sui and Tang dynasties is that Qin and Han dynasties are recommendations and Sui and Tang dynasties are examinations. Recommendation often requires long-term observation or evaluation of the recommended person. If the recommended person is selfless, strictly follows the recommendation standards and carefully evaluates this person, then this recommendation method can really get talents. On the other hand, if the candidate practices favoritism and does not strictly abide by the election standards, then the recommended method is prone to drawbacks. Examination methods attach importance to candidates' knowledge and ability, and can formulate reasonable evaluation standards and establish an examination system, which better embodies the spirit of open and fair elections. But ... if the content of the exam is unrealistic or the assessment criteria are too rigid, then even if it is open and fair, you can't get real talents.