What vivid drinking scenes can we see in "drinking, drunkenness, drunkenness, sober-up, addiction and drunkenness" by poets in the Tang Dynasty?
Wine for the banquet.
Banquet is a relatively relaxed moment, often a festive day or an occasion for friends to get together. At this moment, people's heads are shaking, they are screaming and drinking, and wine is an indispensable stimulant for the party. Look at Li Bai's Preface to the Spring Banquet in Peach and Plum Garden. "Flowers come to feast, flying feathers are drunk with the moon, and there is no good chanting. Why stretch your arms?" If the poem fails, it will be punished according to the number of drinks in Jingu ",Zhang Ji's Huang Furanzhai Banquet on Spring Night," See you when you flee, but you are sad because of toasting at this time, but your old friend feels light ",Cen Can's Liangzhou Pavilion and the Night Collection of Judges," You can laugh several times in your life, and you will get drunk when you meet in a beer fight ",and Li Shimin's Ten Prefaces to the Imperial Capital.
Farewell wine
Farewell, friends not only tell good memories, but also look forward to the future. The farewell banquet left endless sadness and sincere wishes. Pour all the feelings of parting into strong wine, friends, let's raise our glasses and drink, and wish you a good journey; Let's get drunk and say goodbye today. I don't know when we can meet again ... For example, Wang Wei's "Send Yuan 20 An Xi", "Weicheng is rainy and dusty, and the guest house is green and willow. I advise you to make another glass of wine. There is no reason for people to go out to the Western Heaven. " Li Bai's departure from a hotel in Nanjing: "A breeze with catkins makes the hotel more warm. Wu Ji advised guests to taste it with wine. Comrades in my city are here to see me off, Bai Juyi's Pipa Tour. "I see off guests on the Xunyang River. At night, maple leaves and mature rushes rustle in autumn. My master, I dismounted, my guests boarded his boat, and we raised our cups, hoping to drink-but, alas, without music, we drank all, and we were not happy. When the river expanded mysteriously to the full moon. "Jia Zhi wrote" Send Assistant Minister Li into Changzhou "."You will be drunk today, and the Ming Dynasty will remember each other. "
Second, traditional festival wine.
Traditional festivals in ancient China, such as Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Mid-Autumn Festival and Double Ninth Festival, often spend more time thinking about their families. In traditional festivals, poets naturally drink and relax.
For example, Bai Juyi's "New Year", "White beard as snow, five courtiers, into Xinzheng for 70 days. Old people occupy his blue tail wine, and when he is ill, he can get his head and body. He wears bamboo and horses for the New Year, and a few people can see Huichangchun. " Tu Mu's Tomb-Sweeping Day "It's raining hard, and pedestrians on the road want to die. Excuse me, where is the restaurant? Wan Li and Hongyan are sad together. " Meng Haoran's "Send Zhang Wu from Deng Jiwan Mountain", "I hope you will pick me up and bring a basket of wine, * * * Drunk Double Ninth Festival", "Han Yu's" Give Zhang Gongzeng on the night of August 15th "and" Tonight is the loveliest moon of the year, and it's not up to him. But, to reject this wine, can we choose more tomorrow? ! "
Third, drink alone, drink casually and sing wine.
Poets are sometimes free, drinking a glass of wine alone, expressing their feelings about life, or being radical and generous, encouraging people to start again and forge ahead; Or sigh that my career is frustrated, I miss beautiful women, my life is bumpy, and I am in a state of hesitation and pain in contradiction, depression and anxiety. They expressed their feelings with wine and sang many famous works through the ages.
For example, Wang Ji's Eating Out says, "Why don't you wake up alone when you see someone drunk?" Li Shimin's Fu Shangshu says, "Seeing the meat forest makes you cold, and watching the indulgence makes you fly. Indulge in the master's indulgence and self-restraint, and know the freshness of a gentleman. Destroy one's body, dislike, accumulate virtue and become famous. After the hundred kings, I trembled with the age. " Meng Haoran's "Passing the Old Village" is a natural fight. But if you are drunk, don't pass it on to people who wake up. Li Bai's "it is hard to go, pure wine is expensive, a golden cup with 10,000 copper and a hip flask, a jade plate is really ashamed of 10,000 yuan". One day, I will ride the wind and waves, and set my cloudy sail straight and bridge the deep, deep sea. Du Fu's solo poem, a drunken guest, made the poem a dream, and Luo Yin blamed himself. There is wine today, and there will be wine tomorrow.
Frontier fortress and military wine.
There are few poems about frontier wine, and only William Wang's Liangzhou Ci is the most beautiful. "Glowing glass of wine, if you want to drink pipa, you should immediately urge. When you are drunk on the battlefield, you can't laugh. In ancient times, you hit a few people. " This poem is tragic, expressing the tragic and passionate feelings of the conscripts who have died. Others such as Xin Li's "Xia Sai Qu", "shining golden blows snow, and iron horses hiss. Drinking grapes under the account is already an inch of land and gold. All the kings in the world bowed their heads. Tianma often holds purple flowers, and Hu people offer wine at the age of four. " Drunk in the Army, Send Ba Shen to Liu Zuo, Drinks for Qingjiang River, and Gargles Your Mouth in the Cold Night. Soft sand sits still and wakes up drunk with cold eyes. Picnics are accompanied by accounts, and Huayin is happy. After a few drinks, you are all gone. "
Sacrifice to gods and country wine.
This is the most spectacular and lively moment in drinking, and it is often Sanzhai, where people from all walks of life gather and women and children are present. The traditional festivals in China are the most lively, such as offering sacrifices to gods and gathering to celebrate the harvest. At this time, the crowd was crowded, gongs and drums were loud, singing and dancing wildly, drinking and gambling, playing games, and the scene was lively and everything was available. For example, Wang Jia's "Social Day" helps me intoxicate. "Li Jiayou's" Night Smells Jiangnan People Playing God's Games ""The ancient custom of offering sacrifices to God in the south, Chu Yu's singing, welcoming the Divine Comedy. Guns, bronze drums and reeds are deep, and the river is silent and green. After the rain, Qingzhou Zhu is idle, and the pepper paste is drunk to meet the immortal ... Listen to this and send you the divine comedy.
Seven, write drunk.
Li Bai's "White Horse" is elegant after drinking, with three cups of precious knives. Killing people is like mowing grass, and drama follows Meng. I was so angry that I went to Hangu, joined the army and went to Lintao, and the Xiongnu fled after many battles. When I came back, I was so drunk that I refused to worship grass. "Meng Haoran" See Pei Jialu ""Who can ride a horse when drunk? "
Eight, climb to write poetry and drink.
But as long as you climb a flight of stairs, you can broaden your horizons by 300 miles. Poets climb mountains and look far away, looking around, drinking in the breeze, or homesick, or comfortable, chanting feelings, popular so far. For example, Li Bai's "Song of Accompanying Yu Shuhua to Climb the Building" "I have to abandon Bolt and me since yesterday; It hurts my heart even more today, but since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with our swords and raise our glasses to drown our sorrows, "Bai Juyi's Eight Stages and Nine Days," Listening to the Bamboo Branch Sipping the Cornus Cup "and Liu Xiyi's spring song," Plum blossoms fall on the trees on the mountain and fly to the wild people. Savages are full of jars and spring wine. Bring wine to Chuntai and sing with plum blossoms. Drunk on the moon, for a ride.
Elegy in memory of a friend 。
The deceased has passed away, and the greatest pain in life is death, and friends and relatives suddenly heard bad news. Who can not be sad and who can not be sad? Looking at wine and thinking about people, the past is like smoke, and things are different, alas! For example, Duan's "For Crying", "Thirty years in wine poetry, the world suddenly became noisy. If you don't die tomorrow, you will be Mi Heng, be proud of the public, and return to Jiuquan. " Li Bai's "Crying for Xuancheng to Brew Jizuo" "In Jizuo's Yellow Spring, I also want to brew old springs. Without Li Bai at night, who should I sell the wine to? " There is a saying in Bai Juyi's "Crying for Liu Shangshu's Two Dreams" that "the four seas are the same as Bai Liu, and it must be prepared for a hundred years. I will retire from leisure with poverty and illness, and I will die for the old. I got to know this mountain with a glass of wine. Although the sages are dead, they should be supported in the downstream of the tiny land. "
Ten, the performance of unreasonable wine poems in society.
Every society has its dark side, and the feudal Tang Empire is no exception. With a keen eye, the poet discovered the sufferings of the working people at the bottom of society, and also felt the luxury and erosion of the powerful. These wine poems have positive social significance, such as Du Fu's Singing 500 Words in Fengxian County, Beijing, Zhu Men's wine and meat stink, and the bones on the road freeze to death, and Bai Juyi's Light Fat. Lovers sing drunk and knock on the jade hairpin. I'd rather know that Hibika's back is going to crack. "
In addition to the above-mentioned poems related to wine, there are many famous wine poems in the Tang Dynasty, such as Drunken Hometown by Wang Ji, Drunken Poetry by Huang Fushi, Ode to Wine by Bai Juyi and Wine Proverbs by Pi Rixiu. There are also many famous wine songs, such as Li Bai's Into the Wine, Xiangyang Song, Fu Liangyin, Du Fu's Eight Immortals of Drinking, Li He's Song of the King of Qin Drinking, Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip and Xu Xuanping's Drunk Song. Li Xun, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, also wrote Nanxiangzi Lanzhou.
The above wine fu, wine songs and previous wine poems are the further promotion and enrichment of wine culture by poets in Tang Dynasty. The poet poured all his joys and sorrows into wine, broadened the living and expressing space of wine culture through artistic means, improved the taste and artistic taste of wine culture, and enriched the connotation and extension of wine culture. The wine culture in the Tang Dynasty is closely related to the pace of the Tang Dynasty, which not only shows the main theme of pursuing boldness, boldness, optimism and self-confidence in the Tang Dynasty.
Speaking of the wine culture in the Tang Dynasty, we should also talk about the "wine order" in the Tang Dynasty. According to Huang Fusong's Drunken Hometown Sun and Moon, there were "Dice Order", "Wine Order", "Hand Posture Order", "Small Wine Order" and "Miscellaneous Order" in the Tang Dynasty, which are similar to the drinking order games such as Renquan and Guessing Boxing today. Bai Juyi said: "Li Bai's poem" Calling five white lines and six blogs, telling Cao to gamble on wine ". These poems are about all kinds of games in drinking, just like the game of passing parcels. Whoever falls in love will be punished for drinking. The detailed contents and methods of the game are limited to space, so I won't go into details.
When it comes to wine culture in the Tang Dynasty, we have to focus on famous poets and restaurants in the Tang Dynasty, such as Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi.
Mr. Guo Moruo said that Li Bai was born in wine and died in wine. Li Bai really doesn't want to drink for life, but he wants to drink together. Drink happily and drink sadly; Drink when you are free, and drink when you are busy. "One hundred years and 36,000 days, you have to drink 300 cups a day." Li Bai's poems, such as "clear water gives birth to hibiscus, and carving is natural", have various styles, especially being bold, elegant and bold. Wang Yang is free. The poet traveled all over the country, and he enthusiastically eulogized the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. Will last forever, such as "Five Mountains are shaken by a pen, and poetry makes Cangzhou proud", "Gold and white jade buy songs and laugh, and a drunken moon shines on princes", "Tulips in lanling wine, amber light in a jade bowl", "In the past, people were sober, but sages forgot, and only drinkers left their names" and so on. The "Poet Fairy" and "Brewmaster" finally died of "the threat of disease".
Du Fu's poems are "boundless and full of thousands of forms", which profoundly reflect the social outlook at that time and are known as "epics". Du Fu was a heavy drinker in his youth and was praised as a "young alcoholic" by the world. He is addicted to alcohol, "even if he is punished for drinking a deep cup", and drinking "like a long whale sucking a hundred rivers", but unfortunately "he has to be poor for a long time". It is rare for him to "drink and sing" for a few days in the second half of his life. In 770 AD, Du Fu took refuge in Leiyang, Hunan Province, and the county magistrate admired the title of his poem and sent wine to offer condolences. As a result, he was so hungry that he never woke up after being drunk. Du Fu really went home drunk, which is the only blessing among all misfortunes.
Bai Juyi called himself "Mr. Drunk Sound" in his later years. He loves wine, "when he thinks of it, it will be full of fragrance", and "only after drinking wine can he indulge in pottery all day long". Bai Juyi's poems simply reflect the social reality and truly express his personal feelings. He broke away from the tradition of the prosperous Tang Dynasty in many aspects, such as theme, style and expression, which opened a new door for later poetry creation. Only one can of wine was taken to the grave. This shows that he has a soft spot for wine. Later, it is said that a grave robber dug a grave, looked at the jar first, and couldn't help drinking as drunk as a fiddler, saving the body of the lay man in Xiangshan. Bai Juyi hid the wine in the tomb, which was really unexpected.
Wine is a stimulant for entertainment banquets and a lubricant for harmonious interpersonal relationships. For thousands of years, many literati have attached elegant taste to wine and pinned good wine on it. They repeatedly recited and brewed the wine culture into a sweet, mellow and strong masterpiece. With the development and expansion of poetry, wine culture is becoming more and more rich and vivid. Then, why is the wine culture in Tang poetry?
I think, of course, this has a great relationship with the social and economic development of the Tang Dynasty, and also with the development of Tang poetry itself. But I think the main reason is that the traditional wine culture itself has been developing and maturing, and Tang poetry has inherited and carried forward the historical origin and excellent tradition of wine culture and poetry, which will inevitably lead to a brilliant artistic peak of wine poetry.
The development of Chinese wine culture can be traced back to the late Neolithic period, when there were a large number of pottery wine vessels, such as Zun, pot and cup. And wine is recorded as "unitary" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. In the Xia and Shang Dynasties, drinking became the norm, and the monarch indulged in the "wine pool and meat forest", which led to social crisis. In the Zhou Dynasty, drinking was formed. During the Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, wine-making technology advanced by leaps and bounds, and koji-making technology and varieties developed greatly. Daqu appeared in the north and Xiaoqu appeared in the south. During the Western Han Dynasty, wine-making methods were introduced from the western regions. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the wine industry was developed and all kinds of wines were available. According to modern standards, there are yellow wine, white wine, wine, fruit wine, medicated wine and so on. The development of ancient wine poems in China is relatively late. Wine poems first appeared in the Book of Songs, saying, "You peel dates in August and harvest rice in October. For this reason, you can celebrate your longevity with your eyebrows." At the same time, there are also pre-Qin wine poems in Chu Ci. Qin and Han dynasties. Wine poetry is full of melancholy, passion, sadness, generosity and negative decadence. At that time, poets Liu Xiang, Cao Cao and his son, Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest, Tao Yuanming, Xie Lingyun, He Xun and others left many wine poems, especially Tao Yuanming's Twenty Drinking Poems. But at this time, drinking was mostly a luxury for the upper class to enjoy and solve their worries, and it did not spread to the daily activities of ordinary people in the Ming Dynasty.
Until the early Tang Dynasty, the agitation and heroism contained in the wine culture and the fragrance and fairy state brewed by the Five-grain Elf were all due to the political integrity, the prosperity of society, the brilliant and extraordinary pursuit of poets, and the inheritance and development of poetry and wine for thousands of years. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the combination of poetry and wine was finally pushed to the climax of "unprecedented, no one came after". As far as the national spirit of the prosperous Tang dynasty is concerned, optimism and grandeur, strong liquor and the image of the prosperous Tang empire complement each other. The people's drinking spree in the Tang Dynasty represents a nation's mental outlook and psychological characteristics. This is the pleasure that people in prosperous times are proud of. Just like Li Bai said after he was drunk, "Xing Han put pen to paper and shook the five mountains, and poetry made Cangzhou proud." At this time, the mainstream poetic style swept away the negative decadence in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and became vigorous, cheerful, wild and enthusiastic.
Until the middle Tang Dynasty, wine poetry reached its peak. However, after the Anshi Rebellion, wine poems began to flourish and decline, the style of wine poems began to slide to depression and hesitation, and the love for wine poems gradually changed from arrogance to sadness. For example, in Bai Juyi's two drunken songs, the second song "The meaning of drunkenness is not that wine attracts the devil's hair, but that he is worried about singing in the afternoon." In the late Tang Dynasty, the sun set in the west.