Liu Zongyuan Tang
Thousands of birds fly away,
a thousand paths without a footprint.
Li Weng, a lone boat,
an old man fishing in the cold river-snow.
Translation
These two lines mean: (on) a lonely boat, an old man wearing hemp fiber and a hat is fishing alone on the cold river covered with heavy snow.
[ Brief Analysis ]
Most of Liu Zongyuan's landscape poems describe a relatively secluded and cold realm, so as to express his depression and indignation at being persecuted and demoted. This poem depicts a fisherman fishing alone in the cold river, expressing the poet Yong Zhen's unyielding character despite his lonely situation after the failure of innovation.
The first two sentences "a hundred mountains and no bird, a thousand paths without a footprint" describe the snow scene, while "Qian Shan" and "Wanjing" are all exaggerations. There should be birds in the mountains and people on the road; But "birds fly away" and "people disappear". The poet used the scene that birds were far away and pedestrians were extinct to render a desolate and lonely realm. Although the word "snow" was not used directly, the reader seemed to have seen the overwhelming snow and felt the biting cold. This is the reflection of the harsh political environment at that time.
three or four sentences, "a little boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing in the cold river-snow", depict the image of a fisherman fishing alone in the cold river. In a place where there is heavy snow and almost no life, there is a lonely boat. There is a fisherman on board, wearing coir, fishing alone on the snowy river. This fisherman's image is obviously a portrayal of the poet himself, which twists and turns to express the poet's indomitable, awe-inspiring and lofty spirit despite his lonely situation after the failure of political reform.
Appreciation
First of all, it creates a sober and cool artistic realm. Literally, the sentence "a little boat, a bamboo cloak" seems to be the focus of the author's description, occupying the main position of the picture. The fisherman sat alone in a boat, wearing a bamboo hat, fishing long. The words "solitude" and "independence" have shown that he is far away from the world, and even revealed his lofty and refined personality characteristics. The theme of the author's performance has been revealed here, but the author is not interested enough, and he has carefully created an artistic background of vast expanse and silence for the fisherman: the mountains stand in the distance, and the paths are vertical and horizontal, but there are no birds flying in the mountains, and the paths are nowhere to be seen. Why is the nature, which was boiling and noisy in the past and full of vitality everywhere, so dead? A heavy snowfall swept over Qian Shan, obscuring the trail. Birds can't fly, but people can't. The cold brought by the ice and snow has created a white and deserted world. This background strongly sets off the lonely and thin figure of the fisherman. At this moment, how cold and lonely his mood should be! Here, the author uses the technique of contrast and rendering to describe the climate and scenery of fishermen when they are fishing. With a light pen and a light touch, only a few words will give a clean and cold lyric atmosphere. His brushstrokes reach the heavens and the earth, reaching to the peak and down to the river, covering Wan Li. Shen Deqian commented that "the clearness and preciseness are absolutely gone". Gu Yu said that "the snow scene is as good as it is now". What the two people mean is roughly the creation of the realm of this poem.
Secondly, it vividly reflects the author's psychological state of being unwilling to be elected and feeling lonely after being relegated to Yongzhou. Zheng Gu, who was later than Liu Zongyuan, once wrote "Occasionally in the Snow": "The tea and smoke in the monk's house are wet, and the wine in the singing house is weak. When the river came to Kanhua in the evening, the fisherman returned with a clean coat. " Even if he wrote a poem about a fisherman in the snow, his words were ordinary, but he lacked realm. The author did not melt his subjective consciousness and distinctive personality into it, so Su Shi criticized him as "learning Chinese in the village" and praised Liu Zongyuan's last two sentences, saying, "Is there a gap between human nature?" Almost given by heaven, it is out of reach! " Su Shi's so-called "humanity" refers to the poet's emotional casting. The opposite of "there is a gap between human nature" is "there is no gap between human nature", which means that it has reached the highest realm of scene blending. As we know, Liu Zongyuan has always maintained a tenacious mental state after being repeatedly denounced after the failure of "Yongzhen Innovation". His "Eight Stories of Yongzhou" is devoted to the scenery in the backcountry, which is based on the topic and is deeply placed. Every grass and tree shows his extremely lonely feelings. His lofty and refined personality is also fully displayed. The fisherman's image in this poem is in a lonely and cold world, but he goes his own way, walking in a lonely and uninhabited place with equanimity. Isn't it admirable for its weathervane, its heroic spirit and its unswerving mentality? Zhang Zhihe, a poet at the same time as Liu Zongyuan, wrote "The Fisherman's Song", saying: "Egrets fly in front of the Cisai Mountain, and the peach blossoms are flowing and the mandarin fish are fat. Green bamboo hat, green hemp fiber, oblique wind and drizzle don't have to return. " On the occasion of Zhang's choice of spring blossoms, the picture is beautiful and quiet, revealing the relaxed and carefree nature of "smokers". Unlike Zhang Zhihe, Liu Zongyuan was a politician who insisted on justice and stood on the soil full of contradictions and struggles. When he was sent to the deep winter to be cold and cool, people's mood was not just one side of indulging in mountains and rivers. He also wrote a solemn and austere side, and his personality was particularly prominent.
finally, the structure of this poem is exquisitely arranged. The title of the poem is "Jiang Xue". But the author didn't get to the point when he wrote. He first wrote about the quietness and sadness of Qian Shan's ten thousand paths. Birds don't fly, pedestrians disappear. Then, with a turn of the pen, the image of a man who is fishing in a lonely boat is introduced. It was not until the end that the word "cold river snow" was written, which was a positive problem. Read to the end and read the whole article again. A feeling of being suddenly enlightened arises spontaneously. Vast sky, vast land, its distant scenery is very attractive.
About the author:
Liu Zongyuan (773-819) was born in Hedong (now Yongji County, Shandong Province). An outstanding thinker and essayist. The achievements of poetry are also very high.
a night-mooring on the jiande river
Meng Haoran, Tang
while my little boat moves on its mooring of mist,
At sunset, visitors are worried about the new.
how wide the world was, how close the trees to heaven,
Jiang Qingyue is close to people.
translation:
I moored my boat in a small continent shrouded in dusk, which added a little homesickness to the wanderer.
The sky is lower than the trees in the boundless wilderness, and the river is clear, which makes the moon more agreeable to people ...
Appreciation of the famous sentence-"how wide the world was, how close the trees to heaven, and how clear in the water the nearness of the moon!."
This poem is written with a melancholy journey and ingenious conception. Start with the sentence "while my little boat moves on its mooring of mist" and write that the boat is docked at the small sandbar in Jiande River to prepare for accommodation. The second sentence "and daylight wanes, old memories begin" wrote the poet's mood at this moment. The word "new" makes people feel that the original poet had endless old worries, and today, when he stops here, he gives birth to more new worries. This laid the lyrical tone of the whole poem. But where is the new worry? The author didn't say it clearly, but he gave us a vivid sunset scenery by the river: the vast wilderness, the sky hanging low, seems to cover everything; In the clear river, there is only one bright moon, rippling by the boat. In this vast wilderness and long river, only the bright moon can accompany lonely wandering words. The bright moon gave him comfort and added more new worries. "Sorrow" is the poetic eye, and the whole poem shows the author's superb artistic conception around the word "sorrow".
Appreciation: This is a poem depicting the twilight in Qiu Jiang. First write about staying overnight, and then add sorrow to the sunset; Then I wrote that the universe is vast and quiet, and the bright moon is closer to people. One is hidden, the other is present, and the virtual and the real are alternating, and the two phases set off and complement each other, forming a special artistic conception. Although there is no word "sorrow" in the poem, Qing Jiang is wild and the "autumn colors" are vivid, which naturally gives people a touch of sadness. The whole poem is light and tasteful, containing but not revealing; Natural outflow, natural charm, quite distinctive.
This is a poem that expresses the thought of traveling. Jiande River refers to the section of Xin 'an River that flows through Jiande (now Zhejiang). This poem is not set in the background of pedestrians, nor in the background of ships, but in the background of boating and staying at dusk. Although it reveals a word "sorrow", it immediately turns the brush strokes to the description of the scenery. It can be seen that it is quite distinctive in material selection and performance.
The first sentence of the poem "while my little boat moves on its mooring of mist" and "moving the boat" means moving the boat to the shore; "berth" means to stop the ship for the night. The boat docked at the edge of a misty small continent in the middle of the river. On the one hand, it was a point, and on the other hand, it prepared for the following scenery and lyrics.
The second sentence "and daylight wanes, old memories begin" and "Sunset" are obviously related to "berth" and "smoke" in the previous sentence, because the ship needs to stop at sunset; It is also because of sunset and dusk that the water on the river is misty. At the same time, "sunset" is the reason for "new worries" "Guest" refers to the poet himself. If we follow the so-called format of starting, bearing, turning and combining in the old poems, this second sentence will combine the two meanings of bearing and turning in one sentence, which is also a rare case. Why does "sunset" bring up "new worries about guests"? We can read a passage in the Book of Songs: "A gentleman is in service, and I don't know when it will be." Chickens live in the hustle and bustle, and the day is evening, sheep and cattle come down, and gentlemen are in service. Why not think about it? " ("Feng Wang Gentleman in Service") It is written here that whenever the sun sets, chickens enter the cage and cattle and sheep return to the fence, she misses her husband who is serving abroad more. In this way, can't we understand the feelings of travelers at this time? Originally, when the boat stopped, we should have a quiet rest for one night to eliminate the fatigue of the journey. Who knows that at the dusk when all the birds returned to the forest and the cattle and sheep went down the mountain, the worry of traveling suddenly came into being.
Next, the poet wrote the scenery with a antithesis, as if to melt a sad heart into the empty and lonely world. Therefore, Shen Deqian said, "In the second half, write the scenery, while the guests worry about themselves." The third sentence is written at dusk, when the sky is vast and the wilderness is boundless, the distant sky looks lower than the trees nearby, and "low" and "open" are interdependent and set off each other. The fourth sentence says that night has come, and the bright moon hanging high in the sky is reflected in the clear river, so close to the people in the boat, and "near" and "clear" are interdependent and set off each other. "how wide the world was, how close the trees to heaven, and how clear in the water the nearness of the moon!". This unique scenery can only be appreciated by people in the boat. The second sentence of the poem points out that "the guest is worried about the new". These three or four sentences are like the poet's sorrow. In this vast and quiet universe, after some ups and downs, he finally found that there is another lonely moon that is so close to him at the moment! Lonely sadness seems to have found comfort, and poetry has come to an abrupt end.
however, although the words stop, the meaning is not exhausted. Imagine what the close moon will cause in the poet's heart at this moment. There seems to be a little joy and comfort, but after all, it can't dispel the new worries. How much do you know about new worries? "Emperor huang thirty years, two books and swords. Looking for wuyue in the mountains and rivers, the dust is tired of Luojing "("Crossing from Luoyue "). The poet once ran into Chang 'an with years of preparation and years of hope, but now he can only look for wuyue with a cavity of abandoned sorrow. At the moment, he is alone, facing the scenery of the four fields, the river is long, the moon is alone, the melancholy of the trip, the thoughts of his hometown, the frustration of his career, the disillusionment of his ideal, and the ups and downs of his life ...... can't help but come to mind. "and how clear in the water the nearness of the moon!", what we can see on this picture is the clear and calm river, and the bright moon in the water accompanied by the poets on board; But what can't be seen on the picture and should be appreciated is that the poet's sorrow has flowed into the ocean of thoughts with the river. This concealment, one appearance, one emptiness and one reality, set off each other and complement each other, which constitutes the artistic conception of a person's a night-mooring on the jiande river, and his heart goes with the bright moon. Yes, this "staying" and "not staying" is not a meaningful expression of "and daylight wanes, old memories begin"? "People have seven emotions and should feel things; Is it natural to feel things and sing ambitions? "(Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long Ming Poetry). It is in this "natural outflow" that Meng Haoran's little poem is in harmony with the scene, thinking and environment, showing a kind of artistic beauty with natural charm, light taste, and concealment.