Contrast is a common expression in literary creation, that is, comparing things that are obviously opposite together, so that readers can distinguish between good and bad, and enhance the artistic effect and appeal of the article. When we read ancient literary works, it is not difficult to find that many writers skillfully use contrast techniques. The application of this technique is conducive to comparison and reasoning in simple terms, highlighting the image and enriching the content of the article. There are many such examples in the classical Chinese of junior high school.
First, use comparison and thorough reasoning.
There are many schools of thought in the prose of pre-Qin philosophers who put forward their own views and political opinions by means of comparison, and use comparison appropriately to make their reasoning more thorough. For example, Mencius' book How to Help the Righteousness and How to Help the Illegality has repeatedly demonstrated that "those who gain the Righteousness will help more, and those who lose the Righteousness will help less." Relatives will be there when there is no help. Give more help and the world will be smooth. Finally, it is concluded that those who get "human harmony" will win the war. Another example is the "public loss" in Mozi, which skillfully uses the contrast between "the land of Jing is five thousand Li" and "the land of Song is five hundred Li", "Jing has a cloud dream, rhinoceros and elk are full, and the fish in Jianghan is rich in the world" and "the so-called pheasant-free rabbit fish in Song Dynasty" to make the reasoning vivid and convincing.
Second, in sharp contrast, the image is outstanding.
Many historical works use vivid contrast to express the characters' images. For example, in Cao Gui Debate, this technique is also used to describe the words and deeds of the characters in The Battle of the Long Spoon. "Open. Say' No' and wait until Qi Jun hits the drums three times before hitting them. Say,' it doesn't matter.' Qi Jun was completely defeated. Make it public. Say' no', look at it, look at it and say' not bad. Drumming and Beating Bite show the impatience and impatience of Lu's image of Zhuang Gong, while Can't and Can are enough to show calmness and self-confidence. This contrast reflects the image of Cao Gui's outstanding military commander. In the article "One Mountain in Gong Yu", the comparison between Gong Yu and Zhicuo is as follows: the "stupidity" in "One Mountain in" is actually a long-term vision, and wisdom is stupid; The "intelligence" of "intelligence search" is actually short-sighted and humble. This intentional inversion of the author not only aggravates the color of contrast, but also implies irony. A noble, a mediocre, the strong contrast between these two images can be vividly demonstrated.
Third, a strong contrast, highlighting the theme
Strong contrast can make the characters vivid and feel strong. The application of contrast can deepen the theme of the article and strengthen the artistic effect of the article. Wang Anshi's Mourning Zhong Yong: Zhong Yong was gifted when he was young. "He refers to things as poetry, and his arts and sciences are considerable." "Twelve Thirteen" and "Writing Poems" cannot be said to be unheard of in the past. Another Seven Years, Everyone Who Disappeared were all mediocre when they were young. The sharp contrast before and after the regime change of Zhong Yong can only make him decline and become a public figure, which is the inevitable result of "my father benefited from it" and "Japanese class Zhong Yong was surrounded by local people and stopped him from studying". Zhong Yong's "enlightened man" has become a mediocre person, so he is a "public" and has not been tortured by others, so he can't jump out of the category of "public". Therefore, the author thinks that the acquired education is extremely important for the achievement of talents, which deepens the theme.
2. Comparative reading skills of classical Chinese The first step: browse the topic quickly. Classical Chinese extracurricular reading questions have a characteristic: some topic options show the meaning of some keywords in the text; Some topics hint at the main content of classical Chinese. Browsing topics helps students understand the general meaning of classical Chinese. Therefore, when you see a reading article in classical Chinese after class, you should first quickly browse the topics behind the article.
Step 2: Analyze the topic carefully. Generally speaking, reading classical Chinese after class will lead to problems. Teachers should guide students to pay attention to and carefully analyze paragraph titles. Because most of the topics themselves summarize the main content of classical Chinese.
Step 3: Read the full text quickly with comments. When reading a passage of classical Chinese after class, some difficult words in classical Chinese are generally annotated. These notes help students understand the main content of classical Chinese accurately. In the process of reading the full text, if you encounter a "roadblock", don't stop and think hard, but continue reading. In short, read the full text quickly, not completely, but understand the main idea of the article.
Step 4: Answer the question with the right medicine.
(1), word explanation questions: Most of these questions are about the ambiguity of a notional word "China" in classical Chinese, and these notional words in classical Chinese are basically the classical Chinese that students have learned in class. When solving problems, we should first apply the meaning of the content words in classical Chinese that we have learned, and then contact the context test. Fluency after the exam is the correct answer.
(2) Sentence translation: The translated sentence should be translated freely on the basis of literal translation. First, explain the meaning of the key words in the draft (literal translation); Then, write the general meaning of the sentence (free translation).
(3) Content comprehension questions: There are three solutions to this kind of questions. Quote the original sentence first to answer. Second, extract keywords from the original text to answer. Third, organize a written answer according to your own words. Among the three methods, the first and second methods have higher accuracy. When answering such questions, we should pay attention to the tendency of meaning, grasp the author's basic emotional position, contact the main plot and main characters of the article, and grasp the key sentences to think and answer from multiple angles and sides.
3. What are the comparisons of Sanyou's ancient prose? It is a manifestation of putting the two sides with obvious differences and contradictions together for comparison. The contrast technique in writing is to put the contradictory side of things, phenomena and processes under certain conditions, so as to concentrate them in a complete artistic unity and form a complementary relationship of contrast and echo. The application of this technique is conducive to fully expressing the contradictions of things, highlighting the essential characteristics of the things being expressed, and strengthening the artistic effect and appeal of the article.
Contrast is to compare opposing meanings or things, or to compare two aspects of things together, so that readers can distinguish between good and bad and right and wrong in comparison.
This technique can highlight the opposition between good and bad, good and evil, beauty and ugliness, giving people a very vivid image and a very strong feeling.
Example (1): political prosperity will be popular; Abolishing government is against the people's hearts. Tube. Pastoral articles
Ex. (2): Pro-virtuous ministers, far from villains, are prosperous because of their predecessors; . . . You little people, far from being wise ministers, have been so depressed in the Han Dynasty ever since.
Zhuge Liang, a model figure
Ex. (3): Modesty makes people progress, while pride makes people lag behind.
Ex. (4): A warrior with shortcomings is a soldier after all. . . . ..
. . The perfect fly is just a fly after all.
In literary theory, contrast is one of the basic combinations of lyric discourse. It is to combine words with opposite sensory characteristics or meanings to form contrast and strengthen the expressive force of lyric discourse.
contrast
Deliberately put two opposing and relative things or two opposing and relative aspects of the same thing together and describe or explain them by comparison. This rhetorical device is called contrast, also called contrast.
Using contrast, we can reveal the opposition between good and bad, good and evil, beauty and ugliness, which gives people a deep impression and enlightenment.
In terms of composition, there are two comparative situations.
1. negative contrast;
2. Contrast of opposites.
Contrast also means contrast.
4. Several rhetorical patterns and rhetorical patterns in classical Chinese: (More rhetorical devices are needed X2) Classical Chinese: (1. Tall chimneys stretch into the sky, as if they grow out of the ground, and will rise to the depths of white clouds. (figurative exaggeration) 2. Shaking wheels and spinning spindles are scrambling to make a buzzing sound, as if singing softly. (used with antithesis, analogy and two metaphors) 3. The use of figures of speech means that a word contains other figures of speech, forming a large set of small inclusion relations. An application is a hierarchical combination. For example, you see, strong winds hold up a huge wave tightly, throw them violently to the cliff, and smash these large jade articles into dust and fog. Young people don't work hard. Big brother is sad. -Long song, Han Yuefu, where the blade is sharpened, plum blossoms come from bitter cold. (It should be folk proverbs and maxims. Some people say that it was written by Lu You, so it can't be tested. Scholars have a long way to go to strive for self-improvement.