Japanese, the official language of Japan, accounts for 1.6% of the world population. So how did Japanese come out and the development trend of Japanese, do you know? If you don't know, come and meet me.
After detailed introduction, the Japanese teacher in Edo, Chongqing found that both Hiragana and Katakana originated from the same ancestor-Japanese characters. The Japanese characters here are not Japanese characters, but Japanese characters used in China. Because Japan didn't have its own characters at first, although Japanese has always existed, there is no matching marker characters.
There's no way to pass it on. At this time, China's Chinese characters spread to Japan, making its notation the future, so people's China Chinese characters were used, and they just started to have characters. Because video voice and text are two different things, we should watch them separately.
In ancient times, Japanese people had no written language of their own, so they could only use their own national language. After that, China culture spread to Japan, and people with cultural and artistic accomplishments in Japan began to use Chinese notebooks. After the middle of the 5th century, the Japanese created a method of writing Japanese with China Chinese characters as phonetic symbols.
After the eighth century, this method of using Japanese characters as phonetic symbols has been widely used, and this writing method was chosen in China's famous collection of ancient poems and songs, Ye Wan Collection.
For example, the Japanese word "Shan" is pronounced as "やま" and written in Ye Ji with two China Chinese characters "Ma Ye". When "Ka" is pronounced as "さくら", it is written in China's three Chinese characters "Sanjiuliang". Japanese modal particles "て, に, を, は" are represented by China Chinese characters "Tian, Er, Hu, Bo". This writing was later called "Wanye pen name".
However, it is very complicated to write notes under a pseudonym of ten thousand characters in China. Later, it was gradually simplified, and only the radicals of Chinese characters were written, such as "a" → "ァ", "Yi "→", "Yu "→" ウ "and so on. On the other hand, the gentle Japanese Chinese cursive script is suitable for writing Japanese peace songs.
Especially after cursive writing letters, essays and novels became popular, this simple, fluent, casual and chic font style, such as "An" → ","Yu "→ ",gradually formed. At this point, the Japanese nation finally created their own characters with China Chinese characters.
This kind of writing is called "pen name" because it is borrowed from China Chinese characters. According to the different writing methods of pseudonyms, they are called Katakana (カタカナ) which originated from the block letters of Chinese characters in China and Hiragana (ひらがな) which evolved from the cursive script of Chinese characters in China.
Both Katakana and Hiragana are phonography based on China Chinese characters. Hiragana is usually used for writing, packaging and printing, while Katakana is generally used to express foreign words and vocabulary. For example: これはのテキストです (translation: it is a Japanese textbook).
Hiragana:
"これは", "の" and "です" in this sentence are hiragana. Hiragana is a key part of Japanese, which can immediately form English words, such as "これ" (phonetic symbol "ko re"), which means "this" (equivalent to "this" in English); の (pronounced "no") means "yes", です means difference, which means "yes".
Hiragana can also be used as other meaningless elements in a sentence. For example, "は" in the example represents 1 modal particle, which is used to separate "これ" (this) from "Japanese". On the other hand, it is also the basic unit of Chinese character pronunciation in the original Japanese version, which is somewhat similar to the effect of pinyin letters.
Katakana:
"テキスト" is a katakana. Katakana and hiragana have the same pronunciation, but the writing is a little different. You can understand the difference between uppercase letters and lowercase letters in English and Chinese (but they are not the same thing, just for your understanding). Katakana is used to form loanwords and some words in western countries. For example, "テキスト" (pronounced "te ki su to") means "teaching material" and is translated from the English word "text".
In addition, there are Latin letters of the Roman Empire in Japanese, which are called "Roman characters". Similar to China's "phonetic symbol". Roman keys are common in professional nouns such as names of people, places and institutions. And it is common in Japanese computer input method.
China Chinese characters:
Chinese characters, called China Chinese characters in Japanese, are actually ideographic symbols, and each symbol represents something or an idea. In China, it is very common for a Chinese character to have about 100 sounds. In Japan, Japanese characters are used to write scripts that originated in China and Japan. For example, "Japanese" in the above article is a China Chinese character.
"Japanese" means "Japanese", but its pronunciation is not Chinese pronunciation. The pronunciation of the word "Japanese" is "にほんご" (phonetic pronunciation "ni ho n go"). Here, the pen name "にほんご" is equivalent to the phonetic alphabet of Japanese character "Japanese" in China (it may not be the real pinyin).
There are many China Chinese characters in Japanese, and most of them are related to their Chinese meanings, but their pronunciations are usually different. Although there are 50,000 China Chinese characters in a relatively complete Japanese dictionary, the number of applications is much less now. 1946 The Ministry of Education has set the number of common and applied words as 1850, including 996 words learned in primary and secondary schools and junior high schools. The word 1 was replaced by a slightly expanded word 198 1, although most of them are the same.
Publications other than newspapers and periodicals are not restricted by this word. Moreover, many users have mastered the meaning of Chinese characters in China, which is much more than the number of Chinese characters in China learned in the standardization course of private middle schools.
Generally, Japanese works are written vertically and printed vertically, and articles are read from top to bottom. Sentences start at the right end of a single page, so the usual books are opened on the opposite side of western documents. Books and publications with scientific research, technology and other professional subjects are printed in horizontal packaging, and articles are read from left to right. Now there is a development trend of horizontal packaging printing. The opening method of this academic journal is the same as that of books in western countries.
Japanese has not only rich and colorful local words, but also many words from Chinese. Many loanwords from Chinese are widely used in our daily life, so they are not considered as loanwords imported from outside Japan. In the new centuries, influenced by China's profound China culture, many professional knowledge or sociological background pictures began to appear in China.
1At the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century, when new ideas were introduced into China from western countries, they were often translated into Chinese with the new collocation of Chinese characters. This kind of words is a key part of the professional knowledge vocabulary used by contemporary Japanese. For example: tape recorder "ラジォ", freshly ground coffee "コーヒー", electronic computer "コンピュータ". "
Although the ways of coining new words exist again, there are various ways of introducing words from western countries, such as "volunteers" and "news announcers". Japanese has also created some fake words in English (there is no such word in English), such as "night", which refers to the fitness and sports events in the evening, and "salaryman", which refers to the employees who earn wages. This development trend has been significantly enhanced in the last two years.
The key of Japanese video voice management system is composed of unvoiced sounds, nasal sounds, voiced sounds, semi-voiced sounds and voiced sounds in the five-syllable list, and then transformed into long sounds and accelerated sounds. As such ideographs, China Chinese characters themselves can be understood from their fonts without knowing their pronunciation.
Therefore, the Japanese have just begun to try to use China Chinese characters as pseudonyms for phonetic notation, such as "An/A =a, Yi/Yi =i, Yu = u……", and use it to publish articles, so that the transfer of professional knowledge and ideas will be more and more successful. There are two key ways to borrow, one is called borrowing training, and the other is called borrowing sound.
Later, due to the complexity of Chinese characters, it would take a lot of time to write like that, so Japanese people began to simplify and cursive. Later, cursive pseudonyms became hiragana, and simplified pseudonyms gradually became katakana. Unlike China's original Chinese characters, this pen name represents a single meaning, but its development trend is to become a phonetic symbol, from ideographic words to syllabic words, and every two words represent a tone.
I think Hiragana's influence was lower than Katakana's when I first came into contact with Japanese, so all the senior official documents at that time were written in Katakana, following the wheel of historical time.
In contemporary times, hiragana is relatively more popular, and katakana is the key expression of loanwords, foreigners' names or regional names, proper nouns of unique academic research and onomatopoeia. After evolution, sometimes if you really want to pay attention to intonation, you will deliberately use katakana, such as "カッコぃぃ!" ヤバい! "Somehow Shouting.
Today, this new text narrative method is also called Roman characters. Until now, people have seen that Japanese is divided into four parts: Hiragana, Katakana, China Chinese characters and Roman characters.