On Tao Yuanming's Poem of Abandoning Officials and Retirement: 1. Tao Yuanming's Poems of Resignation and Returning to the Field.
There are five songs about returning to the garden, one of which is not suitable for common rhyme. Nature loves autumn mountains.
Fall into the dust net by mistake, thirteen years. Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past.
I want to open up wasteland in Minamino and keep my humility to the fields. The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages.
Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital. The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village.
Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster. There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely.
Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today. Second, there are few people in the wild and few wheels in the backcountry.
This day is still Chai Men closed, and the pure mind blocks the vulgar thoughts. When complex market music, grass * * *.
When we meet, we don't talk about worldly affairs, only that the garden is long in Sang Ma. My field is growing higher and higher, and my cultivated land is expanding day by day.
Often worried about sudden frost, crops wither like shrubs. Three kinds of beans are under the south mountain, and the grass is full of bean seedlings.
Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night. The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes.
It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will. Fourth, I went to Shanze for a long time and enjoyed myself in the wild forest.
Try to take your son and nephew and put them in the wild market. Yiyi wandered between mountains and dragons, living in the past.
There are remnants in the well, and the mulberry and bamboo rot. Excuse me, what is this person like? The wage earners told me that "there is no rest after death".
"A lifetime in a foreign land" is really true! Life seems illusory, and eventually it will be empty. Fifth, feel sorry for yourself, the calendar is rough.
The mountain stream is shallow and meets my feet. I'm drinking my newly cooked wine, and two chickens attract the latest game.
When the sun sets, the candle is lit instead. The height is high and the height is short, and the east is getting white.
2. Three hermit poems by Tao Yuanming
Drink Tao Yuanming
one
Birds without birds fly alone at dusk.
Wandering endlessly, every night my voice becomes sad.
Li went to Qingyuan, where to go;
Because value is lonely, loose and distant.
There is no glory in the strong wind, and this shadow is not long;
I have my house, which has a history of 1000 years.
Secondly,
Building a house is human, and there are no horses and chariots.
What can you do? The heart is far from being self-centered.
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely see Nanshan;
The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back.
This makes sense. I want to distinguish right from wrong and get carried away.
third
There are thousands of stops, who knows right or wrong;
Contrast between right and wrong, and ruin the reputation.
For more than three seasons, Da Shi seems to be out of place.
Vulgarity is a fool, you should learn from Bo Huang.
Fourth.
Autumn chrysanthemum is more beautiful because of its good color.
Chrysanthemum wine is in the heart, the heart is more beautiful, and the feeling of avoiding customs is deeper.
The wine in the glass waved, and then held the glass.
As the sun sets, birds call to Lin Huan.
Intoxicated in the east window, let this life be this life.
Fifth.
The east garden is loose, and the grass has no posture;
First frost is different, you can see the tall branches.
Even foresters don't realize that being alone is strange.
Hold a pot and hang a cold ke. From a distance, it will be restored.
In my dream room, what happened to the dust!
3. The reasons for Tao Yuanming's seclusion and several representative poems after his seclusion. Thank you for your urgent need
Tao Yuanming's seclusion is not a matter of bending his back for five buckets of rice, but a superficial reason. The deeper reason is China's ancient philosophy of "harmony between man and nature", which is called "one person a day, practicing both inside and outside". The ancients in China regarded man as one of the universes, and man and the universe were integrated. Unlike today, people regard people as an independent individual, alienated from the universe. There are subject and object in philosophy, and there are several different concepts: self, society and nature. In officialdom and society, Tao Yuanming felt alienated from everything in the world, so he wanted to return to his hometown and blend in with everything in the world. Second, Tao Yuanming's seclusion is a rebellion of Taoist philosophy against Confucian philosophy. That is to break away from social ethics, give up the ideal of self-cultivation and rule the country, and return to nature. In nature, he found the truth. He said, "There is truth in it. I have forgotten what I want to say." For Tao Yuanming, farming in his hometown means returning to nature, and farming means dealing directly with nature. San Tao Yuanming's seclusion is an individual's escape from the group. Regarding the group, the existentialist master Sartre made a good analysis: in the eyes of my subject, others are objects; And in the eyes of others, I became an object again. When you get along with others, you must put yourself in the position of the object. This is contradiction and * * *. He even said a famous saying: "Others are hell". Tao Yuanming couldn't stand this contradiction, so he chose to escape. Rural residents are scattered to households, and his self-subject remains independent, complete and free.
Tao Yuanming's related poems: 1. Seven pennies (Author: Tao Yuanming's Dynasty: Wei and Jin Dynasties) 2. Drink nineteen (Author: Tao Yuanming's Dynasty: Wei and Jin Dynasties) 3. The second planned elegy (Author: Tao Yuanming's Dynasty: Wei and Jin Dynasties) 4. Return to Birds Part IV (Author: Tao Yuanming's Dynasty: Wei and Jin Dynasties) 5. Generation: Wei and Jin Dynasties) 7. Begging for Homesickness in the Four-year-old Spring Tian She II (Author: Tao Yuanming Dynasty: Wei and Jin Dynasties) 8. Childbearing nine (Author: Tao Yuanming Dynasty: Wei and Jin Dynasties) 9. Drinking eight (Author: Tao Yuanming Dynasty: Wei and Jin Dynasties) 10. Persuading Agriculture III (Author: Tao Yuanming Dynasty: Wei and Jin Dynasties) 38+02. In March, Yi Si passed the Thousand Seals (Author: Tao Yuanming Dynasty: Wei and Jin Dynasties) 13. His first book Guo (Author: Tao Yuanming Dynasty: Wei and Jin Dynasties) 14. Read the second volume of Shan Hai Jing (Author: Tao Yuanming Dynasty: Wei and Jin Dynasties)
4. Tao Yuanming's hermit poems
Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Garden" Series
Gui Tian Yuan is in Qiyi.
Few people do as the Romans do. Their nature is to love nature.
I sneaked into the official career network and have been away from the game for more than ten years.
Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past.
I want to open up wasteland in Minamino and keep my humility to the fields.
The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages.
Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital.
Warm (ài) away from the people's village, there is smoke in the Yiyi market.
Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster.
There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely.
Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today.
Tian Yuan in Guangxi ranks second.
There are few chariots and horses in the secluded places when the countryside makes friends with the secular world.
Cover the door during the day, thinking about wine.
When people are in the void, they follow the grass.
When we meet, we don't talk about worldly affairs, only that the garden is long in Sang Ma.
Summer is getting longer and our territory is getting wider.
Often worried about sudden frost, crops wither like shrubs.
Gui Tian yuan ju qi San
I planted beans at the foot of Nanshan, and the weeds in the field were covered with peas.
Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night.
The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes.
It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will.
Gui Tian Yuan lives in Si Qi.
Long-term tourism mountain ze, wild forest entertainment.
Try to take your son and nephew and put them in the wild market.
Yiyi wandered between mountains and dragons, living in the past.
There are remnants in the well, and the mulberry and bamboo rot.
Excuse me, whoever gets paid is different.
The wage earners told me that there was no death.
Abandon the city for a lifetime, really.
Life seems illusory, and eventually it will be empty.
Gui Tian Yuan ju Wuqi
Alone in a sense of loss, I returned to my hometown with a staff member. The road was bumpy and in shock.
The mountain stream is shallow and meets my feet.
I'm drinking my newly cooked wine, and two chickens attract the latest game.
When the sun sets, the candle is lit instead.
The height is high and the height is short, and the east is getting white.
5. Recommend three hermit poems written by Tao Yuanming.
Tao Yuanming's "Five Drinking Songs" and the building of houses in Wei and Jin Dynasties were all under the condition of human feelings, but there were no horses and chariots.
What can you do? The heart is far from being self-centered. Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely.
The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back. That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say.
In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Tao Yuanming planted beans at the foot of Nanshan, and the grass was covered with bean seedlings. Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night.
The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes. It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will.
"Return to the Garden Part I" Wei and Jin Dynasties: Tao Yuanming has no rhyme and loves autumn mountains. I sneaked into the official career network and have been away from the game for more than ten years.
Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past. I want to open up wasteland in Minamino and keep my humility to the fields.
The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages. Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital.
The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village. Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster.
There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely. Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today.
Appreciate the first four sentences in Drinking Five, and reveal a common and interesting life phenomenon-"My heart is far away from myself" with specific life experiences and questions and answers. The phrase "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence" comes from "keeping your heart away from yourself". It is said that when picking chrysanthemums in Dongli, I accidentally saw Nanshan, so my eyes shook and I was attracted by the beautiful scenery of Nanshan in the evening.
While creating the humanistic environment of the house, picking chrysanthemums; Being in Dongli, but fascinated by Nanshan, the whole theme is always expressing the word "far". The "true meaning" of the last two sentences is here, and so is "forgetting words".
The so-called "true meaning" is actually the self-satisfied life interest brought by Ren Zhen's "heartbeat"; The so-called "forgetting words" means that in Tao Yuanming's view, there are always some people who are in favor of the situation, and people who are in cahoots can't appreciate this kind of life interest! The eight short chapters "Planting beans in Nanshan" in "Returning to Garden House III" express profound ideological content in a small space of 40 words and describe the hardships of the poet after his seclusion. In this poem, Tao Yuanming bravely opposed traditional ideas, broke the worn-out spiritual shackles, resolutely bid farewell to officialdom, resigned from Pengze County Order, and stopped being a "gentleman" who tried to govern the people. I resolutely returned home, willingly shouldered the hoe, plowed hard, and determined to be a "villain" of labor.
Such fearless spirit, beautiful personality and noble realm have won praise, admiration and even imitation from many people in later generations. Tao Yuanming, who couldn't stand the dirty and secular shackles of officialdom, resolutely resigned and retired to concentrate on farming.
The relaxed feeling of leaving the official career, the joy of returning to nature, and the quiet pastoral, simple communication and farming experience make this group of poems become outstanding pastoral poems. The most prominent thing in this poem is to describe the scenery-to describe the scenery of the garden, and to cross the far and near scenery by line drawing, which is vivid and colorful; Secondly, antithetical sentences are used in many places in the poem, such as: "On the eaves behind the shade, Luo tang qian."
There is also the use of contrast techniques to compare "dust net", "cage" and "garden house", thus highlighting the poet's aversion to officialdom and love for nature; No matter what language is clear and fresh, it is as simple as vernacular Chinese. This poem presents a complete artistic conception, and the language of the poem completely serves to present this artistic conception, without seeking superficial beauty, so the poem appears natural.
In short, this is the nature achieved through artistic pursuit and artistic efforts.
6. What poets resigned and retired in ancient China?
There are not a few ancient secluded poems in China. When we talk about pastoral poetry, Tao Yuanming's Return to the Pastoral Residence will always be a bright pearl in the vast sea of poetry.
The natural, fresh and simple rural flavor revealed between the lines is incomparable to other similar poems, and it is as real as the poet hoeing the soil. To understand the essence of any artistic work, we must go back to the author through the time-space transformation with the author's time, and see what kind of life he leads, under what circumstances he inspires and why he creates.
This poem was written a year after he firmly embarked on the road of seclusion. His mood has been quite indifferent and mature, and there is no lack of feelings of resigning and leaving that day. Before that, he had been living in seclusion.
I regard this poem as the opening work of the poet who finally finds himself and bravely affirms himself. "Less secular rhyme, love QiuShan.
Fall into the dust net by mistake, thirteen years. The first two sentences have some meaning of "human awakening".
Influenced by his great-grandfather and traditional Confucian education, the poet also has great ambitions to help the world. He also retired many times when he was frustrated, but this is different from the later literati who sought a shortcut to the south. Its value lies in that he is looking for a lifestyle that suits him and goes hand in hand with social values, rather than looking for a chance to be reborn.
When the goal of life is too clear, the result is often that you lose yourself, and the self you design for yourself is often not the true self. Tao Yuanming must have a shaped plan when pursuing his political ideal, and he must have a bright future in his future life, which may be what he hopes or what people around him expect of him.
In life, in the real world, the public's consciousness makes us think that this (I think being an official is the universal ideal of scholars at that time, and scholars all pursue the same goal and ignore their own characteristics. In modern society, we still have various self-definitions that limit our true selves. )
This is life. When we force ourselves to follow this life, we think we are trying to adapt to this environment, which makes us feel uncomfortable and depressed. Clinging to the invisible front, everything else on the road turned dark gray, so anxiety and struggle made us suddenly wake up under some enlightenment, so we looked back and found that we were still there or ourselves, as if we had returned to the quiet moment of hope in the past, but in fact we were a sublimated self.
Finally, I found myself in constant repetition and wandering. Tao Yuanming's seclusion is not reluctant, so his poems are natural and fresh, showing the joy of farmers in simplicity.
I can imagine the anguish of the poet's ideological struggle before he completely retired, constantly struggling between social group consciousness and the choice of true self, trying to integrate into society, but unable to restrain his honest and free nature. I imagined him waking up in the morning, suddenly enlightened with a clap of his forehead, and accepted with relief that he was "born to love Qiushan" and retired leisurely with a hoe.
He lamented, "I fell into the dust net by mistake for thirteen years." It shows my obsession, swaying reflection and confession in the dust net for the whole first half of my life.
But this pen is just a sigh, and there is no deep remorse. We seem to see the faint sigh of the poet looking up at the sunset while working at the foot of the mountain, look at the red mixed horizon for a while, and then continue to work hard. Maybe he still has a faint self-deprecating smile on his face. Let's just say that the period of birth is a detour on the poet's life path (contrary to the poet's original wish), and the poet accepted this period indifferently.
Maybe he wished he hadn't experienced this period, but maybe without this period of "straying into the dust net", he would never have reached such a detached position. This is the law of life, just as the commodity price fluctuates around the value in the law of value, the trajectory of life fluctuates around the horizontal line of the true self, and it will always come back if it deviates too far. What we need is to find ourselves early in the attempt, increase the intersection point and reduce the deviation distance.
However, in real life, what we see and know often interferes with our choices. When we face every specific situation, we know many rules and laws, but we often don't know which one to use to guide our actions. The Tao Te Ching gives the answer: "Man's law is the earth, the earth is the sky, the sky is the Tao, and the Tao is the nature."
What is nature? Like yourself. The west has also explored such a law. From their ancient times, we can see in Greek mythology or Nordic mythology that both the great Zeus and the divine Odin created human beings, but their own destiny has long been written in the prophecy. Humans created gods, explained all kinds of wonderful phenomena in the world with their joys and sorrows, and entrusted the task of exploring the real master-law to the gods created by them with infinite imagination.
Here, I always feel that westerners are cute and smart, and China is uneasy about the explanation of these religious atmosphere. There are always people who take the initiative to seek and give such subtle answers as "nature" early. This seems simple, just find yourself and do what you like, but the actual operation is not as easy as imagined. Thirty-two pieces produce 10 120 possibilities, and people's thoughts are changing imperceptibly every minute. No one knows what this infinite possible outcome is. Everyone's story may be similar, but every detail cannot be the same. Just as there are no two identical leaves and two people in the world, the predecessors of the sages have given us a lot of experience, but we have to explore and find out what can be used for ourselves. Tao Yuanming must have experienced sleepless nights during his birth and his accession to the WTO. He must have been depressed and drunk, but he finally accepted himself. No matter 30 years or 13 years, it was only the only way. He said, "Fall into the dust net by mistake."
Lament, because it is bitter, has a lot of feelings but is indifferent. "The caged bird loves the old forest, and the fish in the pool loses its source."
It is an affirmation of your choice and a return to yourself. The following sentences describe my secluded life. There is no extravagant and gorgeous life, and there is no artificial praise for how beautiful life is. The simple and clear narrative is true.