Keywords language sense Chinese teaching for primary school students
An educator once said: "The improvement of students' writing ability can not only rely on memorizing vocabulary, grammar and composition, but also rely on teachers' careful analysis of the text. The improvement of students' literary ability can only be achieved in students' practical activities, and only in Chinese classes and various literary activities that students actively participate in. " Chinese teaching should pay attention to sentiment, not tedious analysis, so that students can think, chew and experience the charm of language and words independently under the inspiration, guidance and encouragement of teachers.
Traditional teaching only emphasizes the cultivation of analytical ability, logical ability, judgment ability and thinking ability, and often ignores intuitive thinking ability to guide students to feel themselves in the reading process. In Chinese teaching, it is to emphasize the analysis and research of Chinese practical materials and pursue in-depth and thorough explanation, while ignoring the cultivation of students' autonomous learning and their own feelings-language sense. Therefore, I think Chinese teaching must put the cultivation of students' sense of language in an important position. How to cultivate students' sense of language? Psychological research tells us that the most basic speech ability is language sense, which is an intuitive perception of speech. Its main features are intuition and automation. The so-called cultivation of language sense is actually to cultivate students' intuitive thinking in language activities. Intuitive thinking is the internal source of innovative ability and an important quality that innovative talents must possess.
First, reading orientation.
Reading-oriented is the premise of cultivating students' sense of language. "Chinese Curriculum Standards" clearly states that students should fully read, feel the whole in reading, gain insights in reading, cultivate a sense of language in reading and be infected by emotions in reading. It can be seen that reading is a window to learn Chinese, and it is also the basic way to feel the language and train the sense of language. "Read it a hundred times, its meaning is self-evident", which is the process of perception and understanding, and also the beginning of cultivating language sense. It is also a process of memorization and accumulation to achieve the goal of "reciting" in repeated familiar reading of the same language. Therefore, we should make full use of reading strategies in reading teaching and take reading as the main line. However, reading aloud is not that kind of boring reading aloud, but through reading aloud, silently, repeatedly, competitively, demonstrating and performing, so that students can correctly understand the sound, smooth the tone and correctly express the meaning of words. For example, after reading Tianmen Disconnects the Chu River, and Higashi Shimizu flows back here, students not only see Tianmen Mountain, the Yangtze River and the whirlpool, but also think that Tianmen Mountain was originally a whole, which blocked the turbulent river flow. It was only because of the impact of the turbulent waves of the Yangtze River that the Tianmen Mountain was knocked open and interrupted, becoming two mountains. From "Hui" to the idea that two mountains are sandwiched in between, when the surging Yangtze River flows through the narrow passage between the two mountains, it arouses the endless realm of dancing, rolling and throwing, and can also be associated with the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland and feel the poet's rich imagination.
Second, the sense of language since the Enlightenment
Teachers conduct language training according to students' sense of language, and feel the language with appropriate difficulty.
When reading, let the students contact similar life experiences in the past, and through imagination and association, turn the text symbols into vivid and sensible pictures. In the teaching process, teachers plan to let students read articles with appropriate difficulty, read more and since the enlightenment, and reproduce the images and scenes expressed by words in their minds, so as to achieve the purpose of intuitively understanding the text and improving the sense of language.
Third, try to find out the taste.
Trying to figure out taste is the key to cultivate students' sense of language, while speaking like a book and appreciating language are the key links in language sense training. Mr. Ye Shengtao once said: "Reading a work once or twice may not make you understand it thoroughly, so you must try to figure it out more." Only thorough consideration and taste can promote the development of language sense.
Comparison of 1. statements
Words and sentences are the basic materials of language construction and the basic units of articles. The author's thoughts and feelings are expressed through keywords. Some words and expressions in the article, especially those that express the center of the article and express emotions implicitly and vividly, often have the function of "pulling one hair and moving the whole body". As long as these key words are analyzed, compared and carefully tasted, students' sense of language will be sublimated. For example, in the article "Climbing to Tiandu Peak", "Look at the steep stone steps, the chains on the side of the stone steps seem to fall from the sky, which is really chilling!" In a word, in order to let students understand the beauty of the word "hang", students can be asked to use the word "pull" or "float" instead of "hang" for comparison. In order to stimulate students' enthusiasm for participation, students can be divided into positive and negative parties and studied and discussed in a cooperative way. The students realized the author's choice of words: a word "hanging" accurately, vividly and skillfully depicts the steep characteristics of Tiandu Peak, which sets off the word "climbing" at the end of the text and produces a hazy beauty. In this way, through the comparison and chewing of key words, we can taste the charm of tone, understand the uniqueness of the author's choice of words and sentences, and improve students' sensitivity to language.
Use imagination
Pupils' abstract thinking ability is weak, and their understanding of things depends on intuition. To understand the connotation expressed by language, we must fully mobilize their thinking in images. Through the "guidance" of image thinking, the scenes described by language and characters are transformed into vivid "image" materials, so that students can cultivate their emotions, feel the artistic conception of the text and gain a rich sense of language in immersive experience. For example, the second lesson "Autumn", the first volume of the second grade of primary school, takes the image factors in the text as the medium, then creates artistic beauty, closes your eyes and daydreams about the image map described in the text, connects many autumn scenes into active scenes, "shows movies" in your mind, and swims freely in the colorful beauty in an imaginary boat, fully appreciates the characteristics of autumn in the infection of beauty and cultivates a sense of language.
Contact life
Life experience is an indispensable basis for the generation of language sense. Certain words always appear in certain life scenes. Without life experience, the cultivation of language sense is pale. Only by guiding students to connect with their own life accumulation and experience the scenes described in the article, can the images formed by language and words gradually become vivid and concrete, and the feelings they have are true. For example, in the article "Climbing and Climbing, Grandpa and I finally climbed to the top of Tiandufeng". This unique "finally" vividly shows their success and satisfaction after their efforts. But if students can't relate to life to taste, I'm afraid it's hard to appreciate the charm of the word "finally".
Fourthly, transfer expression.
In the process of cultivating language sense, we should not only taste and ponder the pronunciation, characters, words and sentences in the text, but also take the training of listening, speaking, reading and writing as a lever to broaden and deepen language sense. Teachers guide students to design some innovative, flexible and solid outward bound training in a focused and planned way, and organically combine understanding, accumulation and application. The Four Seasons, a first-grade poem, has the same structure in every paragraph. The teacher grasped the linguistic features of this poem and asked the students to imitate writing training. "It said to him,' I am the sky.' "Draw a picture according to the content of the poem and recite your own poem in class. In a series of painting, imitation and recitation training, students use the knowledge and emotion gained in reading activities to integrate innovative thinking and promote transfer, thus deepening, broadening, beautifying and sensitizing students' sense of language. Transfer expression is to let students use their own expressions and writing methods in the text to carry out some oral and written writing training, so that students' sense of language can be continuously improved in practice.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) life experience
Xia Mianzun once said: "A keen sense of language is needed. We should not just try to figure it out from the language, but should relate our life experience to the language. ..... With this preparation, we can connect with the author's heart through the bridge of words. " Therefore, the cultivation of language sense emphasizes mobilizing students' life and emotional accumulation, arousing students' personal feelings, putting themselves in the author's shoes, which is easy to agree with the author's mind and is very helpful to the cultivation of language sense. For example, the key sentence in "This land is sacred" says: We love the earth, just like a born baby attached to the warm arms of its mother. For future generations, you should devote all your strength and emotion to protect the earth. After the students read it, the teacher asked: What does the author compare the earth to? The student said: Mom. The teacher asked: What was your mother like in your life experience? Some say that mothers are kind and amiable; Others say that mothers give their children selfless love; Others say that mom is great. Teacher-guided situation: What kind of mother is the earth in the author's mind? Please read the text silently and think while reading. After reading silently, some students said that the earth is a beautiful and holy mother; Others say that the earth is still a selfless mother, and she has given herself selflessly to mankind. It can be seen that by mobilizing students' existing life experiences and emotions, students can feel their own feelings, and students and the author have reached a feeling of mutual recognition, and students' emotions are natural.
In a word, the cultivation of primary school students' sense of language is a multi-faceted and multi-level systematic project, which requires our Chinese teachers to make long-term efforts in teaching practice and improve language sense teaching strategies.
Yunnan Provincial Department of Education. Yunnan Education, Yunnan Education Editorial Department.
(Author: Dapo Township Demonstration Primary School, Zhanyi County, Qujing City, Yunnan Province)