Tang poetry-early Tang poetry
Tang poetry Wang Bo
This is the preparation period for the prosperity of Tang poetry. Important poets are Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo, Shen Quanqi and Song, who are called "four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty". Poetry in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China in the Tang Dynasty still developed along the inertia of poetry in the Southern Dynasties, which was soft, delicate and lifeless. The emergence of the "four masters" began to change this trend. They are brilliant, dissatisfied with the status quo, expressing indignation and heroic embrace through their own poems, and broadening the theme of poetry. Such as Yang Jiong's "Join the Army":
The flames of bonfires in Kyoto, Chang 'an City, crude gas oil.
Leaving the palace, the general will assume the command; Surrounding the enemy and attacking the city, the elite cavalry are extremely brave.
The snow is black, the flag is painted and the wind is noisy.
I'd rather be a junior officer to fight for my country than a white-faced scholar who only engraved his chapter.
This inspirational and heroic style has brought a new wind to the poetry circle in the early Tang Dynasty. This poem expresses the young people's desire to join the army and make contributions to the frontier. I'd rather be a junior officer (centurion) than a scholar who has nothing to do with me. Following the "Four Masters", Chen Ziang criticized the weak poetic style since the Southern Dynasties in theory, arguing that this kind of poetry is specialized in playing with flowery rhetoric and empty in content, and abandoned the tradition of attaching importance to ideological content in The Book of Songs. He was deeply worried about this and advocated learning from the poetic style of Han and Wei dynasties to restore the poetic style of Jian 'an era. His 38 poems "Feeling" put his thoughts into practice and had great influence. He wrote on the Youzhou rostrum: "Before me, where was the past era? Behind me, where are the future generations? ; I think of heaven and earth, there is no limit, there is no end, I am alone, and my tears fall. " Desolate and vast, sad but not hurt, is considered to be the swan song of ancient poetry. Han Yu once said: "A country is proud of its son and is high." He commented on his important role in the development of Tang poetry. The contributions of Shen Quanqi and Song are mainly in the aspect of poetic rhythm. They summed up the achievements of the poets in exploring poetic meter since the "Yongming Style" and promoted the stereotype of "Modern Poetry" with their own poems.
To appreciate Tang poetry, we must first have a brief understanding of the differences between "modern poetry" and "ancient poetry" and master their respective characteristics, so as to better appreciate their beauty.
Classical poetry, also known as ancient poetry or ancient style. This concept is different from the usual "ancient poetry". It is a special term, which refers to a poetic style that was popular before the Tang Dynasty and continued to be popular in the Tang Dynasty, as opposed to modern poetry formed in the Tang Dynasty. The characteristics of classical poetry are: the number of sentences is not limited, the number of words in each sentence is not limited, and it can rhyme or not, and it can rhyme or change. It is not required that sentences should be flush with each other, and words should be confronted with each other. In a word, classical poetry is relatively free in meter, which is quite different from modern poetry in meter. Ancient poems can be divided into five-character poems and seven-character poems (or five-character poems and seven-character poems for short). In addition, there are ancient poems with irregular sentence patterns, which are generally classified as seven ancient poems. Some ancient poems are the same in number, number of words and meter, but different in rhyme, level and antithesis, so they are still ancient poems. The Nineteen Ancient Poems mentioned above and the poems of Tao Yuanming and others are all ancient poems.
Modern poetry, also known as modern poetry ("modern" and "modern" are Tang Dynasty terms), emphasizes strict meter. Modern poetry has four basic requirements: first, it stipulates the number of sentences and words; The second is to rhyme according to the prescribed rhyme department; Third, the words of the upper sentence and the lower sentence are required to be flat, right and sticky; Fourth, it is stipulated that some sentences should use words, that is, nouns to nouns, verbs to verbs, adjectives to adjectives, etc.
Modern poetry is divided into two categories: (1) regular poetry, which consists of eight sentences, five of which are called five-character regular poetry and seven are called seven-character regular poetry. (2) The quatrains consist of four sentences, five of which are called five-character quatrains and seven are called seven-character quatrains. Here are a few examples. As we all know, Wang Zhihuan is in the Heron Villa:
Tang poetry
The sun sets slowly near the western hills, and the Yellow River flows into the East China Sea.
By going up one flight of stairs, look further.
This is a five-character quatrain, and it must be four sentences and 20 words. Secondly, according to the rhyme, it must choose a word with a rhyme part as the rhyme, and the words "Liu" and "Lou" in this poem belong to the rhyme of "Eleven Have". Third, the words it uses must conform to the prescribed plane format, so that it can be read in a harmonious and pleasant way. The flat format of this poem is:
Flat and light, flat and light.
Flat and light, flat and light.
Some words can be flat and even, and the rest can't be flexible. Ping-refers to the word Pingsheng in ancient Chinese; Xu refers to the words "Shangsheng", "Desheng" and "Rusheng" in ancient Chinese. According to modern Chinese, Yin Ping (the first sound) and Yang Ping (the second sound) are flat; The rising sound (the third sound) and the falling sound (the fourth sound) belong to Nuo. A quatrain poem can be antithetical or not. This quatrain is the first antithesis, and the last two sentences are "be poor" to "be good", "a thousand miles" to "the first floor" and "eyes" to "the building".
Tang poetry
Let's take the poem Lusu as an example to illustrate the most basic metrical requirements of modern poetry. In addition, there are three flat and even formats of five-character quatrains and four formats of * * * *. Seven-character quatrains, five-character metrical poems and seven-character metrical poems also have four flat patterns. As for the flat format of modern poetry, I only give some hints with the above examples, and I won't introduce them in detail. If you don't want to write this kind of poems, but appreciate the works of predecessors, then it doesn't hurt to have a general understanding of the requirements of metrical rules.
Seven-character quatrains, we take Meng Haoran's "Send Du Fourteen Down to the South of the Yangtze River" as an example:
Jason Wu is the hometown connected with water, and you are going to Chunjiang.
When the sun sets, where does the solitary sail anchor? As far as the horizon is concerned, it breaks people's intestines.
I expressed nostalgia and disappointment when I saw off my friends who had traveled far away. The whole poem is composed of four sentences and 28 words, with "Seven Yang" as the rhyme, and is even according to the rules. There is no antithesis in this poem because antithesis is not allowed in quatrains.
Five-character verse, let's look at Dai Shulun's Except Sleeping on a Stone Hill;
Who asked about the hotel? The cold lamp is amiable.
Tonight is the last night of the year, and I am wandering thousands of miles away.
Looking back on the past, it is an insignificant thing, sad and sad; Lonely, I only have a wry smile and acid.
Sorrow makes my face old and my hair full of white hair. With a sigh, I ushered in a new year.
This is a poem about how it feels to be away from home on New Year's Eve. The whole poem consists of eight sentences and forty words, with the rhyme of "eleven truths", occasionally. One or two lines of metrical poems are called the first couplet, three or four lines are called the platoon couplet, five or six lines are called the neck couplet, and seven or eight lines are called the tail couplet. The antithesis of couplets and the neckline of rhyme must be opposite. For example, this couplet "One Year" is opposite to "Wan Li", "Will Do" is opposite to "Not Return" and "Night" is opposite to "People". The neckline is sparse and disjointed, with a smile of sadness and joy, and the past never forgets the present.
Seven-character verse, let's look at Liu Zongyuan's "Don't be my brother Zong Yi":
Lonely soul and sorrow, tears cross the river.
The treacherous party, because the party did not leave the capital, lived more than 6 thousand miles away; I left Baiyue desolate, gaunt and poor for the rest of my life.
Guiling malaria forest, black clouds hanging white; Welcome to the beautiful future of Dongting with spring scenery and water and sky.
Fang Wei depends on dreams, and acacia is willing to sleep on the pillow; Wandering in the dim light, the clouds seem to be real.
This is a poem written by Liu Zongyuan when he was demoted to the wild dragon city and went to Jiangling to bid farewell to his cousin Liu. His mood is extremely sad and angry. The whole poem consists of eight sentences and 56 words, with the rhyme "one poem", which is parallel to each other, antithetical sentences and necklaces. The first sentence of the seven-character rhyme uses rhyme, but it doesn't need rhyme. This rhymes.
There is also a kind of "arrangement" in rhyme feet, that is, the rhyme feet are extended to more than 10 or even a hundred sentences, and all sentences except the first and last couplet in the middle should be antithetical. The arrangement is usually five words.
The style of Tang poetry was complete in the early Tang Dynasty, and the peak of poetry creation appeared in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Tang Poetry-Poems in the Prosperous Tang Dynasty
By the beginning of the 8th century, the Tang Dynasty had the so-called "Kaiyuan Shengshi", and its economy and culture reached its peak. There are also a large number of outstanding poets in the field of poetry creation, who have written extremely rich poems. Among them, pastoral landscape poems and poems describing frontier wars accounted for a considerable proportion, and Li Bai and Du Fu also appeared at this time. Let's briefly introduce them respectively.
Pastoral landscape poems
Tang poetry Wang Wei
Wang Wei is the most famous author of this kind of poem. Wang Wei, whose real name is miscellaneous, is the right post of Shangshu, also known as Shangshu. Influenced by Buddhist thought, he was tired of bureaucratic life, lived in seclusion for a period of time, loved nature and was familiar with the countryside. His poems are quiet and leisurely, with a static beauty. Such as a farmhouse by the Weihe River:
In the countryside where the sun is setting, cattle and sheep go home along the path.
A rugged old man in a thatched door leaned against a cane and thought about his son, the shepherd boy.
There are whistling pheasants? Full ears of wheat, sleeping silkworms and peeled mulberry leaves.
Jojo and Fu Tian greet each other cordially.
No wonder I yearned for a simple life and sang "Decline" in disappointment.
The afterglow of the sunset reflected the village (the market fell), and the cattle and sheep returning to the pasture poured into the village lane. The old man missed his grandson who went to graze, and was waiting for his return outside Chai Men on crutches. In the sound of the pheasant, the wheat has sprouted, and the silkworm who has eaten enough mulberry leaves begins to sleep. The harvest year is just around the corner, and the farmers returning from Hoho meet each other and talk about their daily life with emotion. This beautiful scenery reminds the poet of the fatigue of official infighting, and he feels how peaceful and comfortable it is to live in such a rural area. I can't help singing "Decline, Decline, Hu Bugui?" In the Book of Songs. It's dark, it's dark, why don't you go home? ), indicating his interest in seclusion in the countryside. Wang Wei is proficient in music, calligraphy and painting, and has profound artistic accomplishment; Su Dongpo commented that there are paintings in his poems and poems in the paintings. The above poem can be said to be an idyllic painting.
Tang poetry Meng Haoran
The poet with the same fame as Wang Wei is Meng Haoran, originally from Xiangyang (now Hubei Province), often called Meng Xiangyang. It is said that he met Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty by chance in Zhang Jiuling. Xuanzong knew the name of his poem and ordered him to recite it. When he returned to Zhongnanshan at the end of the year, he read this sentence, including "I was expelled by a wise ruler because of my mistakes" (I lack talents, so a wise monarch doesn't need me). Xuanzong was very unhappy and said, "You didn't ask to be an official. It's not that I won't let you be an official. How can you blame me! " Later, he was not admitted to the Jinshi and was not officially an official. He lived in seclusion for a long time and was famous for his landscape poems. His poem "Passing the Old Village" is the most popular:
This old friend prepared a delicious meal and invited me to his hospitable farm.
Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city.
Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops.
Please come here to see chrysanthemums when the ninth festival comes.
An old friend killed a chicken to cook and invited him to visit the village. Close-up, dense green trees tightly surround the village; Looking from a distance, Castle Peak extends all the way into the distance. Open the window of the porch, you can see the yard full of food and the green vegetable garden; Talk about the growth and harvest of Sang Ma with a glass of wine. In such a natural picture, how happy and comfortable it is to drink wine, eat delicious food and laugh with friends! After drinking the wine, my friends were still reluctant to go, so they met/kloc-0 and got together again on the Double Ninth Festival in 1999, drinking and enjoying chrysanthemums.
Chu Guangxi is also a frustrated hermit. His Fish Bay describes the pleasure of seclusion:
Fishing in Green Bay comes in spring, and apricot blossoms come in spring.
The pool is clear and shallow, and the lotus knows the fish are scattered.
Waiting for lovers at dusk, the boat is green and the shore is green. Green covers the sky, falling flowers float to the ground, the bottom of the pool bottoms out, the lotus moves and the fish are scattered, and the fisherman does not care about fish. It is the best enjoyment to enjoy this beautiful scenery alone. Fishing and tying boats at sunset, waiting for good friends (lovers) to meet in the green grass, such a carefree life, isn't it equal to a fairy? In fact, their life will not be without troubles and troubles. However, when writing a poem, we should put it aside first, seize a beautiful scene and emotion, and give full play to it. The poet satisfies his own creative desire, and also brings readers the enjoyment of beauty. This is called poetry.
Frontier fortress war poems
In the foreign wars in Tang Dynasty, many literati participated in them, had personal experience of frontier fortress and military life, obeyed the army instead of writing, wrote poems to describe the desolate frontier fortress scenery, praised the brave spirit of soldiers, or cursed the disasters brought about by the war, so frontier fortress poets came into being. The famous poet Cen Can wrote a masterpiece The Journey to the West:
Tang poetry The Journey to the West
Don't you see: walking along the snow by the sea,
Sand in the desert, yellow flies to heaven. On the night of the ninth month, there was a cold wind blowing in the wheel tower.
And valleys, full of broken boulders like pecking measures, down, forward, with the wind.
Despite the gray grass, Tatar horses are plump, and on the west side of Jinshan, smoke and dust gather.
General of China's army, start your battle! Wear your armor all night,
Marching in the middle of the night, the sharp wind tip cuts the face like a knife.
Sweat from the snow steamed on horseback, freezing the pattern of five-flowered coins.
Your challenge from the camp, from the ink bottle of ice, has chilled the barbarian leader.
You will no longer need a real fight! We are waiting for the news of victory in Xiguan! !
The poems "Zoumachuan", "Luntai", "Jinshan" and "Automobile Market" are all common place names in the north or the western regions. The code used as a place name here is not a real reference. You don't have to seek truth when reading poetry, you just need to understand poetry. At the beginning of this poem, it vividly depicts the harsh environment of the western regions, which is turbulent and dusty. Xiongnu (representing the powerful northern nation) attacked, showing signs of chaos everywhere; The general led his troops to the battlefield to meet the enemy. At night, marching weapons collide with each other. Although the cold wind was like a knife, the snow-covered streaky horse was still sweating and soon became ice. Drafted a campaign (gauntlet) for the enemy in the tent, and the ink in the inkstone was frozen into ice before it was finished. Such a hard-working and brave army will definitely make the enemy dare not fight; Then let's wait for Simon, the automobile engineer, to win! The optimistic and heroic spirit expressed in the poem is the embodiment of the spirit of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. An old song by Li Jie is also famous:
An ancient war song in Tang poetry
During the day, the beacon tower climbing the mountain observes and gives an alarm, and at night, the horse leads the horse to the riverside.
The dark wind blew bursts of sounds, like the pipa of a princess in the Han Dynasty, full of hidden grievances.
Camp in Wan Li without battlements until the thick sky joins the vast desert in the snow.
The sorrowful Hu Yanyan flew through the air, and HUS soldiers were all in tears.
It is said that Yumenguan has blocked the road, so the soldiers can only follow the general around.
The bones of death are buried in the wilderness every year, and only grapes from the western regions are sent to the Han people.
During the day, the army will climb the mountain to watch the beacon warning, and at dusk, they will go to Jiaohe (in Turpan, Xinjiang, this generation has water, which is not true) to drink horses. Diao Dou is a kind of copper pot, which is used for cooking during the day and working at night. Soldiers carrying Diao Dou trudged through the dark sand. At this time, it must be full of bitterness to think of the pipa music played by the princess who married Wusun Wang from this road in the Han Dynasty. Camping in a deserted place for the night, the heavy snow that pervades the world floats and connects with the desert in the distance. In the autumn night, the cries of geese flying south were mournful, and Hu Bing, one of the warring parties, could not bear this hard life and shed tears. It is said that the imperial court has issued an order not to retreat, so it can only fight to the death with the general (an official who gets off lightly). Yumen is sealed, that is, it is not allowed to retreat into Yumen Pass. Using the allusions in Historical Records Biography of Dawan, Li Guangli, the general of the Second Division, attacked Dawan and was defeated. He retreated to Dunhuang and asked the imperial court to retreat. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "was furious and ordered (the emissary) to block Yumen, saying: Those who dare to enter will be cut!" Nine times out of ten, I died in battle. Every year, countless people leave their bones in a foreign land. The only result was that grapes (Pu Tao) were introduced into the Central Plains from the western regions for the rich to enjoy. Although there is sadness in the poem, the tone is still high and enterprising.
War is cruel. In 7 14 A.D., there was a great war between Tang Jun and Tubo near Lintaolong Castle, and tens of thousands of Tubo people were killed or injured. Wang Changling's "Xia Sai Qu" wrote about this war:
Horses lead horses to drink across the river, the wind is biting, and the autumn wind is like a sword.
The sunset on the vast battlefield has not yet fallen, and I saw Lintao County in the distance in the dark.
The Great Wall once fought a fierce battle, saying that the frontier soldiers were in high spirits.
Since ancient times, there have been sandstorms, bones everywhere and weeds everywhere.
Many years after the war, the battlefield was still bleak and desolate, with long yellow dust and messy wormwood scattered among them and forgotten forever. No matter which side the deceased belongs to, it is a sad tragedy for him and his family.
Tang poetry-middle and late Tang poetry
In the middle and late Tang dynasty, the heyday of the dynasty has passed, but poetry creation has not declined. Outstanding poets with different styles have emerged, such as Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Zhang Ji, Li He, Bai Juyi, Yuan Zhen, Liu Yuxi, Du Mu, Li Shangyin, Wen and Du Xunhe. Their poems reflect the crisis and folk sufferings in the decline of the Tang Dynasty empire from different angles, and their artistic achievements are very high, which have a great influence on future generations.
Han Yu is a great prose writer and a famous poet. He worships Li and Du most, but he does not imitate them step by step, but creates a unique style through his own exploration. Korean poetry is characterized by seeking novelty and avoiding vulgarity. Together with his good friend Meng Jiao, it is called "Han Meng Poetry School". His Rock is one of his representative works.
Tang poetry Han Yu
The rocks are really small,
When I arrived at the temple, the bat was at dusk.
I climbed into the hall and sat on the steps, breathing the air washed by the rain.
Banana leaves and gardenia seed fertilizer.
The priest said that the old wall was painted with exquisite Buddha statues.
He showed me a lamp and I said they were great.
He made the bed, dusted the mat and prepared my dinner.
Rough [Li Li] is enough to satisfy hunger.
At midnight, when I was lying there, I couldn't even hear the sound of an insect.
Shanyue came into my door with her pure light.
At dawn, I left the mountain, alone and lost my way.
In and out, up and down, and thick fog.
Dye streams and mountains green and purple to light everything up,
I sometimes pass by pine trees and oak trees, and ten people can't tie it tightly.
When the stream steps barefoot on the flowing stone,
Its ripples purify my ears, and the breeze blows my clothes.
These things themselves can make life happy,
Do you have to be bound by people?
Oh, the selected students are far behind me in my own country.
What if I spend my old age here and never go home again?
Twenty poems are equal to a complete travel note. At the beginning, the reader's imagination was led from the rugged mountain road to the temple at dusk, and bats coming and going in the confused night sky were seen in a trance. I sit comfortably on the steps and have a rest. Seeing the gardenias in full bloom after the rain should arouse people's interesting reverie. Then write murals, eat, stay overnight, and write the next day. At this time, I saw another scene: the mountain road, which is hard to find up and down, is full of flowers on both sides, and the water in the stream is blue and beautiful. Then I washed my feet in the clear stream and the cool wind blew on me. How comforting! The last four sentences are comments: this is the happiness of life. Why be an official and let others take care of it? Our friends, can you come back when you are old without quitting your job? This poem is all about the scenery in front of us, with just right choice and narration, sharp sentences and fresh artistic conception.
Li He is also a famous poet. His poems are influenced by Han Yu, but his style is different from Han Yu's. His poems are rich in imagination, peculiar in images and gorgeous in rhetoric. He often writes ghostly themes and is called a "genius". It is said that in order to write poems well, he often travels with his little slaves on donkeys. When he comes up with a good sentence, he writes it down quickly, puts it in a broken tool kit and prints it at home. One of his poems, South Garden, expresses his bitterness as a poet:
Looking for a chapter to extract a sentence, Xiao Yue hangs a jade bow as a curtain.
I don't see the three seas every year, where there are articles that cry in the autumn wind!
Yang Xiong of the Han Dynasty once compared writing poems to "carving insects and seals", which is insignificant. The "carving insects" here refer to people who write poems. Li He said that he was a person who devoted himself to writing poems. He often writes poems all night, accompanied only by Xiao Yue who bows like a bow outside the curtain. The country attaches great importance to martial arts and fights in the Three Seas (referring to the north) every year; People who write poems and compositions have to mourn and cry in the autumn wind. He didn't live forever. He died at the age of 27.
Bai Juyi was the most accomplished poet in the middle Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi (772-846 AD) was called "Bai Yuan" because he was an official for half his life and was as famous as his good friend Yuan Zhen. He advocated that "articles should be written for the times, and songs and poems should be written for things" (nine books at the end of Yuan Dynasty), that is, poetry should serve the times and reality. This clear theory is quite progressive. He understands and sympathizes with the people's sufferings. His 50 political satires, New Yuefu and Qin Zhongyin 10, are all good works pleading for the people. We read an article "Light Fat" in Qin Zhongyin:
Bai Juyi in Tang Poetry
Pride is all over the road, and the light of pommel horse can be seen in the fine dust.
Those who borrow money are called ministers.
Zhu is a doctor and a general.
Boasting his identity, he came to the army at the dinner party, in large numbers, and the scene was grand.
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Fruit breaks [bā i] Dongting orange and cuts Tianchi scale.
They remained calm after the party, but became arrogant when they were drunk.
In the drought in the south of the Yangtze River, Qu (Qu) people eat people!
One of the root causes of political corruption in Tang Dynasty was the autocratic power of eunuchs. This poem is a satire on eunuchs. Dressed in red and purple, they rode high-spirited steeds to the army to have dinner, drank fine wine and delicacies, and were so proud and excited that no one looked at them. At the end of the poem, the pen suddenly turned: this year, there was a drought in the south of the Yangtze River, and a cannibalism tragedy occurred in Quzhou (now Quxian County, Zhejiang Province)! Without saying a word, the thought has been clearly expressed: these thieves are eating the blood of the people! In addition to Qin Zhongyin and Xinle Fu, there are many similar poems, such as "Selling Women to Give Prostitutes" written by Bai Juyi as the secretariat of Hangzhou:
A messy tent is a cloth with sideburns and a towel, and Lengshan pays his own salary. Who is a woman in red riding on Qiantang River?
Women selling firewood, with messy hair wrapped in thick headscarves, go to the cold mountains to carry firewood every day; Women who also grew up on the banks of Qiantang River, why do others wear red, green and green, ride horses and sit in sedan chairs, and live a comfortable life? The rider in red is a prostitute. In fact, they live a hard life. On the surface, they wear good clothes and pay the price of being played. The real exploiters are those powerful people who oppress farmers and play with prostitutes. There are still grievances hidden in the grievances, and the poem is quite intriguing. Bai Juyi's poems are famous and influential abroad, such as Japan. His representative works include long narrative poems "Song of Eternal Sorrow" and "Pipa". The former is about the love story of Li Longji and Yang Yuhuan in Tang Dynasty, while the latter is about the bitter experience of a prostitute. Both of them are beautifully and harmoniously written, truly touching and enduring. Poets in the late Tang Dynasty, such as Du Xunhe, Nie and Pi Rixiu, learned from Bai Juyi and wrote many good poems reflecting people's sufferings.
Li Shangyin and Du Mu were outstanding poets in the late Tang Dynasty. Du Mu's fresh and beautiful lyric poems are widely known. Li Shangyin is good at poems with unique laws, and often satirizes reality by praising historical themes. We read one of his songs, Sui Palace:
Tang Poetry Sui Palace
His Ziquan Palace has been occupied by clouds, because he will take the whole Yangzhou as his private territory.
If the imperial seal had not been seized by Tang Taizu, he would have set sail long ago.
Fireflies are gone now, leaving the weathered grassland, but they are still perched by weeping willow crows at dusk.
If he met, the world was in chaos, and the later Emperor Chen, do you think they would mention a "Garden Flower"? ?
"Ziquan" is the water name of Chang 'an (formerly known as Ziyuan, changed to Ziquan to avoid the taboo of Tang Gaozu Pear Garden), which means Chang 'an. The first couplet wrote that Emperor Yang Guang of Yang Di was lucky not to return to Chang 'an when he was traveling abroad. The palace there is only shrouded in mist and very lonely. Because Yang Guang wants to take the bustling Yangzhou (Wucheng) as the capital and have a good time there. In the couplets, the author imagines that if the imperial seal handed down by Qin Shihuang does not belong to Li Yuan (it is said that Li Yuan's face is a "dragon court with the sun" and his forehead is the emperor's), that is, the Sui Dynasty will not perish, then the dragon boat with brocade sails may swim to the ends of the earth, and its extravagant and absurd behavior will not stop. The Necklace Association said that when Emperor Yang Di came out to play at night, the people collected a large number of fireflies for him to enjoy, so that the fireflies in the haystack have disappeared today (there is an unscientific saying in the ancients called "rotten grass becomes fireflies"); Only on the willows on both sides of the Grand Canal excavated by Emperor Yang Di, there were countless crows making noises at dusk, as if they were dying in the Sui Dynasty. Chen is a dissolute and treacherous emperor. After Emperor Wendi was captured by Emperor Wendi, he had contacts with Prince Yang Guang at that time. When Yang Guang became emperor, he met the dead Chen Houzhu in his dream and asked Zhang Lihua, Chen Houzhu's favorite, to dance "Flowers in the Back Garden of Yushu". There are two comments in the couplet: When Emperor Yang Di met Chen Houzhu in Jiuquan after his death, there should be no more singing and dancing "Flowers in Yushu Back Garden", because he himself followed the old path of Chen Houzhu and should be ashamed. This poem is aimed at the corruption of emperors in the late Tang Dynasty. However, poetry is only poetry, and no emperor will wake up. See which dynasty lost people like Chen and Chen after the demise of the Sui Dynasty? As Du Mu said in A Gong Fang Fu, "Qin people have to mourn for themselves, and later people mourn for them, but they don't learn, which also makes later people mourn for them."