Refined quantifiers are closely related to mathematics and physics, which pay attention to concepts and logic. Therefore, from the perspective of literature, especially poetry, it seems very boring. In fact, the pen of a good poet is like a wand in a fairy tale, which can make the desert gush out of the oasis. Only after careful selection of quantifiers can we produce rich and meaningful poems under their urging.
Adjective poetry is the subjective expression of social life. It is essential to draw a picture, turning the abstract into concrete and the intangible into tangible, so that people can hear their voices, see their people, touch their things and feel their surroundings. A considerable part of this task is undertaken by adjectives. There are two situations that deserve special attention in refining adjectives in China's classical poems. One is the overlapping use of adjectives, and the other is the use of adjectives indicating color at the beginning and end of sentences.
A poem is composed of some poetic images according to a certain artistic conception, which can really form a vivid image of turning beauty into rhyme. Mainly concrete verbs that express dynamics. Because a noun is often only an object to be stated in a poem, it is not expressive in itself, but it can give a noun a vivid form as a subject, mainly a verb that often acts as a predicate. In this way, the refinement of figurative verbs has become the main content of refining words in China's classical poems. Without refined verbs, the art of refining words is eclipsed.
In the creation of new poetry, the use of function words seems to be far less important than that in classical poetry. In classical poetry, function words, after proper tempering, can achieve aesthetic effects such as dredging literary style, opening and closing echoes, melodious twists and turns, activating emotional charm, and turning stagnation into flow. Luo Dajing's "He Lin Yu Lu" points out that poetry should be supported by Zhuang language and mediated by movable type. It is from this angle that we can see the function of refining function words. Poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty were good at using function words, especially Du Fu. -See Resources for excerpts from refined words and refined meanings.