Calling for Song one after another, how many days do we have?
For example, morning dew is much more difficult to go to Japan.
Be generous, and your troubles will be unforgettable.
How to solve your worries? Only Du Kang.
Qingqing is your collar, YY is my miss.
But for your sake, I've thought it over.
A herd of deer, yo, ate mugwort in Ye Yuan.
I have a group of good guests, playing the piano and playing the piano.
As clear as the bright moon, when can I forget it?
The troubles come from this and cannot be cut off.
The weirder, the more useless.
Talk about the banquet and miss the old grace.
There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south.
Turn around the tree three times, what branches can you rely on?
The mountain is never too high, and the sea is never too deep.
The duke of Zhou vomited, and the world returned to the heart.
Zhou Xibochang, Huai Dede.
There are three points in the world and two points.
Cultivate contributions, and the Minister's Day is not long.
The worship of Hou Wei is based on detention.
See forgive [Yin] after the original, give axe [yu], can make conquest.
As Zhong Ni said, to achieve virtue,
Let's serve Yin and talk about its beauty.
Qi Huan's contribution is the first of the tyrants.
Nine princes, one conquers the world.
Conquer the world, not with personnel carriers.
Without hesitation [jué] is famous for its virtue.
Confucius sighed and said that the people benefited from it.
To the temple [ancestor], no life to worship.
Xiaobai dare not, Tianwei is close at hand.
Jin Wen is also a tyrant, bowing to the king of heaven.
Thanks to [Zan], [Zhen] and [Chang],
Lu Gongya one thousand, [b] three hundred people.
Conquering princes is respected by teachers.
The quartet heard of it and named it Ya Qi Huan.
The meeting of Heyang, pretending to be Zhou Wang, is its name [pā].
translate
In the face of wine, you have to sing, life is short. (When singing wine, what is the geometry of life? )
Just like the morning dew is fleeting, there are too many lost days! (such as morning dew, going to Japan is much more bitter. )
The songs on the table are passionate and generous, and melancholy has filled my heart for a long time. (magnanimous and unforgettable. )
By what to alleviate depression? Only binge drinking can set you free. (How to solve the problem? Only Du Kang. )
Green is your collar, and leisure is my affection. (Qingqing jumps, with a long heart. )
Because of you, I miss it until now. But for you, I have been thinking deeply. )
When elk find mugwort, they will call each other. (Yo yo Luming Literature, Nohei. )
If I have guests, I will definitely ask blowing sheng to cheer. I have a guest, blowing sheng. )
It was the jade wheel that left that day, and I don't know when it stopped running; As clear as the bright moon, when can I forget it? )
Deep down, it is the worry that may never end. The troubles come from this and cannot be cut off. )
Come on, friend! Cross the field path and leave him alone. Thank you for coming for nothing, so that we can meet again after such a long separation. The weirder the building, the more useless it is. )
Bring wine to the wind, shake hands and make peace, and relive old feelings. (Talking about the banquet, I miss the old grace. )
The moon rises, the stars twinkle, and a flock of nesting blackbirds fly south. There are few stars in the moon, and blackbirds fly south. )
Fly around the tree for three weeks without breaking your wings. Where can you live? What branches can you rely on to go around the tree three times? )
The mountains do not hesitate to look at the towering rocks, but the sea does not abandon the trickle to see the grandeur. The mountain is never too high, and the sea is never too deep. )
Only by being polite to a talented person like Duke Zhou will the world turn to me. (the duke of Zhou vomited, and the world returned to the heart. )
"Short songs" is an old topic in Han Yuefu, which belongs to "Chorus? Flat tone. In other words, it was originally the name of a piece of music. Now, of course, I don't know how to sing this kind of music. But Yuefu's Harmony Song? Apart from short songs and long songs, Pingdiaoqu also quotes the ancient poems of the Tang Dynasty, such as Long Songs in the Sunlight, Ge Yanxing by Cao Pi, Ge Yanxing by Fu Xuan and Duh, let's continue the short songs. It is believed that the musical characteristics of "Long Songs" can only be understood based on this little material at present. Of course, this song "Short Song" originally had corresponding lyrics, that is, "Yuefu Ancient Ci", but this ancient ci has been lost. The earliest short line that can be seen now is Cao Cao's quasi-Yuefu short line. The so-called "quasi-Yuefu" is to make up new words with old Yuefu songs. There are two short songs written by Cao Cao, and here is the first one.
The theme of this short song is very clear, that is, the author hopes to have a large number of talents for his own use. In his political activities, in order to expand his ruling base among civilian landlords and crack down on reactionary hereditary forces, Cao Cao once strongly emphasized that "meritocracy means promotion", and for this reason, he successively promulgated the orders of seeking talents, promoting scholars and escaping. In fact, "short song" is a "song of seeking the virtuous", and it is precisely because it uses the form of poetry and contains rich lyrical elements that it can play a unique infectious role, effectively publicize his persistence and cooperate with his decrees.
"Short Song" originally had "six interpretations" (that is, six paragraphs), and now we divide it into four paragraphs according to the poem.
Calling for Song one after another, how many days do we have? For example, morning dew is much more difficult to go to Japan. Be generous, and your troubles will be unforgettable. Du Kang is the only one who can solve the problem.
In these eight sentences, the author emphasizes that he is very worried and extremely worried. So what's there to worry about? It turns out that he can't get many "talents" to cooperate with him and make contributions together. Imagine that even a powerful person like Cao Cao is worried about "seeking talents" there, and how much publicity effect it will have. If there are really "talents" among the landlords in Buyi, we can't help being moved and encouraged by these words. They are trying to find a way out. They didn't expect Cao Cao to be eager for talents there, so many people who are really talented or think they are talented are likely to be eager to "return" to him. At first glance, the eight sentences of "Chanting to Wine" are very similar to the negative sentences in Nineteen Ancient Poems, but they are quite different. Talking about "life geometry" here is not to ask people to "eat, drink and be merry", but to make contributions in time. On the surface, Cao Cao is expressing his personal feelings. He is worried that time will pass too fast and he may not have time to make a difference. In fact, it is imperceptibly infecting the vast number of "talented people", reminding them that life is as easy to disappear as "morning dew" and the years have passed a lot. You have to make up your mind and come to me to show your ambition. Therefore, once analyzed, it is not difficult to see that the rich lyrical atmosphere in the poem contains quite strong political purposes. Such a positive purpose and deliberately use a low tone to start, which of course shows that Cao Cao really has his melancholy thoughts, so he speaks the truth; But on the other hand, it is precisely because of this tone that we can open the hearts of people at the lower level who have experienced many difficulties and are eager to find a way out. Therefore, the intention and wording are true and ingenious. In these eight poems, the main emotional feature is the word "sorrow", which needs to be overcome by wine ("Du Kang" is said to be the first person to make wine, so his name is used instead of wine here). The emotion of "worry" itself cannot be evaluated, only the objective content of this emotion can be evaluated, that is, what is "worry". Worrying because of selfishness, decadence and even reaction is a negative emotion; On the contrary, worrying about the purpose of some progress becomes a positive emotion. Looking at the specific historical background, the melancholy expressed by Cao Cao here belongs to the latter and should be properly evaluated in history. Chen Ling, a Qing man, said in the poem Bi Xing Jian: "The purpose of this poem is to think about the brave in Gao Han Dafeng Pavilion. The origin of' life geometry' is said that the so-called ancient king knew that his life span was not long, so he made sages as heirs. " This can be said to basically understand the meaning of Cao Cao's worry; However, the so-called "building sages to pass on their descendants" is a bit far-fetched. Cao Cao was considering ending the war and unifying China with his own life. There are similarities and differences between Han Gaozu and Han Gaozu in singing "Da Feng Ge".
Qingqing is your collar, YY is my miss. But for your sake, Shen Yin has come a long way. A herd of deer, yo, ate mugwort in Ye Yuan. I have a group of good guests, playing the piano and playing the piano.
These eight sentences are even more lingering. Is that "Qingqing" actually the Book of Songs? Zheng Feng? The original poem is about a girl who misses her lover. The four sentences in the first chapter are: "The green lady is in my heart. Even if I don't go, I'd rather not send a message? " Your green collar bothers me deeply. Although I can't come to you, why don't you take the initiative to leave me a message? ) Cao Cao quotes this poem here, saying that he has been reciting it in a low voice, which is really ingenious. He said that "a girl in green is lingering in my heart", which is of course a direct metaphor for missing "talented people"; But more importantly, he omitted two sentences: "Even if I don't go, I'd rather not send a message?" Because it is impossible for Cao Cao to look for those "talents" one by one, he reminded them in this subtle way: "Even if I don't look for you, why don't you take the initiative to look for me?" From this implicit meaning, we can see that his intention of "seeking the virtuous" is indeed thoughtful and has touching power. And this touching power embodies the combination of politics and artistic creation. Of course, his profound and subtle intentions can't be fully expressed in the literature such as "Asking for a Scholar". As a poem, short songs can express feelings that political literature can't express and play a role that political literature can't. Then he quoted the Book of Songs? Xiaoya? The four sentences in Luming Literature describe the scene of the host-guest banquet, which means that as long as you come to me, I will definitely stay as a "guest", and we will get along well and cooperate harmoniously. These eight sentences still don't clearly say the word "seeking the virtuous", because Cao Cao writes poems, so he uses allusions as metaphors, which is the performance of "being gentle, respectful and frugal". At the same time, the word "Jun" is also typical in Cao Cao's poems. Originally in the Book of Songs, this "gentleman" only refers to a specific person; Here, it has a wide range of significance: all the "wise men" who read Cao Cao's poem at that time could think that he was the object of Zi Jin's memory. It is precisely because of this that this poem will play a huge social role if it is circulated.
As clear as the bright moon, when can I forget it? The troubles come from this and cannot be cut off. The weirder, the more useless. Talk about it? I miss the elegance of the past.
These eight sentences are the focus and care of the above sixteen sentences. The above sixteen sentences mainly have two meanings, that is, worrying about seeking the virtuous and treating the virtuous with courtesy. If compared with music, these can be said to be two "theme melodies" in the whole poem, and the eight sentences of "Clear as the Moon" are the reappearance and variation of these two "theme melodies". The first four sentences are about sadness, not the first eight; The last four sentences are about the arrival of "talents". These are the last eight sentences. On the surface, the meaning is repeated by the first sixteen sentences, but in fact, due to the reproduction and variation of the "theme melody", the whole poem is more restrained and chanting, which strengthens the concentration of lyric. Judging from the literary theme of expressing poetry, these eight sentences are not simple repetitions, but contain profound meanings. In other words, "talents" have come a lot, and we have cooperated very well; However, I am not satisfied. I'm still worried about talent, and I hope more "talents" will come. The bright moon in the sky is always running and will never stop ("stop" means "stop" and "short song played by Jin Yue" means "stop"); In the same way, my idea of seeking the virtuous will not be cut off. This is also a thoughtful expression, because Cao Cao is constantly recruiting talents, so will the latecomers worry about "overcrowding"? Therefore, Cao Cao further said here that his heart of seeking wisdom will not end like the bright moon, and people will have no worries, and they will be given preferential treatment early and late. On this point, the author will make it more clear below. It is just a connecting link and plays a transitional and buffering role.
There are few stars in the moon, and blackbirds fly south and circle the tree three times. What branches can you rely on? The mountain is not too high, the sea is not too deep, the duke of Zhou vomits, and the world returns to the heart.
"Moonlight" is not only an accurate and vivid description of the scenery, but also a metaphor. Shen Deqian, a poet in A Qing, said in The Source of Ancient Poetry: "There are few stars in the moon, and there is no one to rely on for strange talents." This shows that he saw that these four sentences are metaphors, but that "guest" is vague; In fact, this refers to those who are hesitant, and they are at a loss in the situation of the Three Kingdoms. Therefore, Cao Cao used the scene of blackbirds circling trees and "with what branches" to motivate them. Don't be half-hearted, be good at choosing branches and live, and come to your side quickly These four poems vividly describe the situation and mood of the hesitators, but the author not only does not accuse them at all, but reveals his concern and sympathy for these people in his rich poems. This just shows that Cao Cao is good at ideological work and he attracts and strives for talents with a reasonable attitude. And a feeling like this also gives full play to the unique infection effect of poetry. The last four sentences are the finishing touch, and I hope that all people will come to me and clearly understand the theme of this poem. The allusion of "Duke Zhou vomited food" comes from "History of Han Poetry". According to legend, Duke Zhou said, "The son of King Wen of our country, his brother, and uncle of King Cheng; I am also in the world, and I am not a light in the world. However, if you hold it for three times and vomit for three times, you still fear losing the people of the world. " In order to receive the people all over the world, Duke Zhou sometimes washed his hair and ate a meal, which was interrupted several times. This legend is of course too exaggerated. However, this allusion is used here to highlight the author's thirst for talents. The phrase "the mountain will never be too high and the sea will never be too deep" also convincingly shows that the more talents, the better, and there will never be a sea of people. So Chen Ling said, "Birds choose wood. Can wood choose birds? Three points in the world. Scholars either go north or go south. When we left for Shu and Wu, the emperor had not decided yet. If you don't spit and feed the festival, why come? Mountains never tire of soil, so they can become high; The sea never tires of water, so it can become deep; You are not tired of being a scholar, and the world is returning to the heart. " These words are very helpful to explain the background, theme and the meaning of the last few sentences of this poem.
Generally speaking, short songs are the same as other poems of Cao Cao, such as Good, Drinking and Crying. , is a highly political poem, mainly serving the political line and policies and strategies implemented by Cao Cao at that time. However, its political content and significance are completely integrated into the rich lyrical artistic conception. The whole poem gives full play to the specialty of poetry creation, accurately and skillfully uses metaphor, and achieves the goal of combining reason with emotion and touching. In the era of Cao Cao, he was able to achieve the expected social effect according to the special laws of lyric poetry, and this kind of creative experience is obviously worth learning. At the same time, because Cao Cao's emphasis on "meritocracy" at that time had certain progressive significance, his highly artistic performance on the theme of "seeking talents" should also be affirmed by history.
This poem is one of Cao Cao's representative works. In his poems, he expressed his great ambition of recruiting talents and making contributions. Written in four words, the content is profound, solemn and elegant, full of emotion. At the beginning of the poem, the mood is a little low, but the tone of the whole poem is still high and full of vitality, which is somewhat similar to "although it is expensive." According to the poetic style, every eight sentences have one section, and * * * four sections. The first eight sentences are the first section. The poet expressed his feelings and worries about the short life and wanted to drown his sorrows by drinking. On the surface, it seems to be a waste of time to write about your feelings and worries, but in fact, it is a great politician's broad mind to make contributions. The proportion of Morning Dew is vivid, profound and philosophical. In a word, the meaning of the first section can be summarized by one word "sadness".
Next, the next eight sentences in Qingqing Suburb are the second paragraph, which is more profound and tearful. The sentence "Qing Qing Zi Tiao" is The Book of Songs? Zheng Feng? In the original sentence of Amethyst, the four sentences in the first chapter are: "Amethyst is green and leisurely in my heart. Even if I don't go, I'd rather not send a message? "Your green collar haunts my heart deeply. Although I can't come to you, why don't you take the initiative to leave me a message? The poet used this ancient poem to express his desire for talents. The tone of the poem is euphemistic, and the feelings are deep and implicit, which expresses the poet's inner activities, which is also the effect that his initial political documents such as "Order for the Wise" can't achieve. Then I quoted the Book of Songs? Xiaoya? The four sentences in Luming Literature describe the scene of the host-guest banquet, which means that as long as you come to me, I will definitely stay as a "guest" and we can get along happily and harmoniously. In short, it is natural and appropriate for poets to quote ancient poems, just like quoting their own, and express their wishes just right.
The following eight sentences are the third section, which is the focus and care of the first two sections and sixteen sentences. In other words, the four sentences starting from "bright as the moon" are about sadness, emphasizing and taking care of the first section; The four sentences starting from "crossing the street" are about being polite to talents, and the second paragraph is about emphasizing and caring. This emphasis on care makes the whole poem have a low, cadence and repeated chanting effect. "When will it be as clear as the moon" means when the bright moon in the sky will stop running? Metaphorically, my thirst for wisdom is like the bright moon in the sky, which will never stop.
Finally, the following eight sentences are the fourth section, which further deepens the thoughts and feelings of seeking talents. The four sentences "Bright moon in the sky" are not only an accurate and vivid description of the scenery, but also metaphorical. Shen Deqian, a poet in A Qing, said in The Source of Ancient Poems: "There are four few stars in the moon, and there is no one to rely on for strange people." In fact, it means that people who are hesitant are at a loss in the situation of the Three Kingdoms. The poet inspired them with the scene of crows circling trees and "what branches to rely on" Don't be half-hearted, be good at choosing branches and live, and come to me quickly. Finally, the four sentences in Duke of Zhou make the finishing point, which clearly shows that I hope all the people will come to me, Cao Cao, and point out the main idea of the whole poem. With regard to the allusion of "Duke of Zhou vomited food", it is said that Duke of Zhou himself said: "Son of King Wen, brother of King Wen, uncle of King Cheng; I am also in the world, and I am not a light in the world. However, if you hold it for three times and vomit for three times, you still fear losing the people of the world. " This seems to express the poet's feelings.
Generally speaking, this poem skillfully uses allusions and metaphors. Like Cao Cao's other poems with strong political nature, it is mainly a tortuous reflection of his desire to realize his political ideals at that time. However, this kind of political thing is completely integrated into lyric art, which is expressed in the perfect unity of reason and scenery.