"Su Causeway Xiao Chun" landscape refers to the wonderful scenery of Su Causeway last spring after the cold winter.
Su causeway
Su Causeway starts from Nanping Mountain in the south and ends at Qixia Mountain in the north, with a total length of nearly three kilometers. It was built by dredging silt from the West Lake when Su Dongpo, a great poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, was appointed as the magistrate of Hangzhou. Later generations named it Su Causeway to commemorate Su Dongpo's achievements in managing the West Lake. The waves lying on the long embankment connect Nanshan and Beishan, adding a charming scenery to the West Lake. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Xiao Chun, Su Causeway was listed as the first of the ten scenic spots in the West Lake, and in the Yuan Dynasty, it was also called "Liuqiao Willow" and was listed as the ten scenic spots in Qiantang, which shows that it has been deeply loved by people since ancient times. In the Imperial Monument Pavilion south of Wangshan Bridge in Su Causeway, there is an inscription of "Su Causeway Xiao Chun" inscribed by Kangxi. Peach and willow trees are planted on both sides of Su Causeway, with different scenery in four seasons. Every spring, summer and March, willows turn into smoke and cover the lake, which is very interesting. There are poems to prove it: trees, fireworks, fog and sand around the embankment, pavilions and terraces half covered. From south to north, there are six bridges in Su Causeway: Yingbo Bridge, Suolan Bridge, Wangshan Bridge, Dike Bridge, Dongpu Bridge and Hongqiao. Hangzhou people commonly call these six bridges "Six Suspension Bridges", and there is a folk song "Six Suspension Bridges in West Lake Scenery, One Willow and One Peach". After liberation, the sixth bridge was reinforced and widened again, and the railings of the bridge all adopted Qingtian carved national patterns to maintain the original style of the ancient bridge.
Flowers and trees are planted all over Su Causeway, including weeping willows, peach blossoms, begonia, hibiscus and wisteria. Walking on the embankment, New Ruyan Liu is full of spring breeze, good birds singing and moving artistic conception, so it is called "Xiao Chun, Su Causeway". After the cold winter, Su Causeway is like a graceful messenger of spring. The willows on the shore are brilliant, the peaches are bright, and the lake waves are like mirrors, reflecting beautiful images and infinite tenderness. The most touching thing is that at dawn, the western hills are sinking, the breeze is blowing slowly, and the willows are floating on the embankment, which is fascinating. Whenever the spring breeze blows, Su Causeway willows green, peaches burn, long dikes extend, and six bridges fluctuate. At the beginning of the morning, the lake is like a mirror, the bridge reflects the water, birds chirp, willows curl, peach blossoms greet each other and smiles like flowers. Being on the embankment, the lakes and mountains spread like a picture, and there are many kinds of spirits and customs for everyone to enjoy.
Su Causeway No.6 Bridge
There are six single-hole stone arch bridges along Su Causeway, which are simple and beautiful, namely Yingbo, Suolan, Wangshan, Dike, Dongpu and Guohong. Walking on the embankment, walking on the bridge, the lakes and mountains are picturesque, and there are thousands of customs for everyone to enjoy. What you see on the bridge will show the way.
As early as when the Su Causeway was built in Dongpo, these six bridges already existed, and there were pavilions on the bridges for passers-by to rest: "Build six bridges and nine pavilions, so that visitors can enjoy the stops."
It is said that the names of these six beautiful bridges came from Su Dongpo's heart.
1. InBev Bridge:
When you start from Su Dongpo Memorial Hall and walk from south to north, the first bridge you meet is called "Yingbo".
InBev Bridge used to pass through Chishan Port. This bridge deck faces Pinghu, surrounded by mountains, and the pavilion has a long reflection, hence the name.
On the west side of Yingbo Bridge, during Song Zhibao's reign, Yuan Shao built the "Xiantang", which represented 34 celebrities, good people and 5 good wives in the county. In the northeast corner of the temple, there is a view of "Jingde" and a plaque of "Levin" on the door.
2. Lock the LAN bridge:
The second bridge is called "Solana". At sunset, the water waves rippled, hence the name.
Old Pass "Chishan Post Road".
There is a "Hushan Hall" in the west of Qiaoxi, which was built by Silent Tao Hong during the reign of Xianchun. "Four pagodas (towers) are built around, like warriors guarding each other", with water hibiscus, water bamboo and Puwei before and after.
Two years later, six towers and four towers were built directly to the pavilion, and the pavilions and bridges were all connected by waterside pavilions, which made it the first place in the West Lake for a time, and tourists flocked to it.
3. Wangshan Bridge:
The third bridge is called "Wangshan", and the old bridge passes through "Huajiashan Port".
Huagang in Huagang means watching fish.
On one side of the bridge is the famous Sanxian Temple, which was built by Yuan Gong. The plaques are Shuixi, Yun Bei, Yuexiang, Shui Ying, Guangqing and Rainy.
Amin poet Zhang Dai said in Dream of the West Lake that there were two "three sages' shrines" by the West Lake in the Song Dynasty, one in Fiona Fang Temple of Longjing Shoushengyuan, where Zhao Yuedao, the monk's eloquence and Su Dongpo were enshrined; A Gushan, worshipped Bai Letian, Lin Hejing and Su Dongpo as three sages, and then moved to the "Three Sages Temple" in Su Causeway.
Because there are many people coming, the magistrate has set up a special place in the ancestral hall to sell official wine, which is quite business-minded.
At that time, someone wrote a poem: "He Jing Dongpo, Bai Letian and Qiu Ju recommended the cold spring for several years. Now I am covered in dust, but I am saving money to drink with Qiao Yuan. " It is said that these three people were honest and honest hermits all their lives, but they were buried in the soil after their death, but they became the cover for Yuan to make money to buy wine.
During the Chunyou period, there was a scholar named Hu Wei in Wuzhou who taught in Sanxiantang. Because of his name "Jiang Xue", it is called "Jiang Xue Lecture Hall". If preserved to this day, it should be rated as "the most beautiful private school in China".
4. Dam bridge:
The fourth bridge, called "Dike", is opposite to the pavilion in the middle of the lake, which is the best position overlooking the whole lake. So the name "dike" seems to mean the finale.
Dike Bridge is located in a prime location between the north and the south of Su Causeway. In the old days, it was also a waterway for lake owners to travel west. "Su Causeway Xiao Chun" Jingbei Pavilion is just south of the bridge.
It is said that the water in this bridge is particularly deep. I used to take this bridge when I rowed to Maojiabu Port.
Several acres of red and white lotus and water shield were planted under the bridge. In the early summer morning, the morning glow is reflected on the water. When taking a boat tour, the lake is full of white ladies and green shirts, holding their hair sleeves and saying goodbye. Dew rolled around on the lotus leaf, wetting the hair tips and clothes, and polluting the fragrance.
There was once a building on the north and south sides of the dike bridge. To the south is Shi Shui Temple, which was built by Jia Sidao in the Northern Song Dynasty. There is a stone platform next to the temple, and the stone cage lights illuminate the nocturnal ships, which is the favorite of night travelers on the lake. According to legend, Emperor Gaozong often took a boat trip at night, and when it was late at night, he stayed in the Taoist temple.
On the north side of the dike bridge is the Narcissus King Temple. This temple is not dedicated to daffodils, but to the Dragon King. This is what Huang Tingjian said in the poem "Narcissus": "Qiantang used to smell the Narcissus Temple, and Jingzhou saw Narcissus today. Dark fragrance and beautiful poems should be at Chu Shi's home in Gushan. "
5. Dongpu Bridge:
The fifth bridge is called "Dongpu", and Chen's lake embankment feels like an old poem: "In the past, the Pearl Tower was full of green cymbals, and the female wall was still in the sand. There are willows beside the Dongfeng Sixth Bridge, but no orioles see cuckoos. " It probably means that the east wind wrinkles a pool of water. This is one of the best places to watch the sunrise on the lake.
Writing "Dong" in traditional Chinese characters, I don't know if it is a copying error or other reasons. Some ancient books are written about "book spectrum". "Summary of Mountain Victory in Qiantang Lake": "From Chunliang West to Faen Temple, the road is divided. As soon as you meet the levee built by the Su government, you will run ten miles to prevent the current from rushing, so travelers can take it. There are six bridges on the top, the next step is to reverse the wave, the second is to lock the wave, the third is to look at the mountain, the fourth is to press the dike, the fifth is to beam the pu, and the sixth is to cross the rainbow. "
According to the textual research of the preface attached by the author Shi Xia, this is not a clerical error. It was originally called "Pu Shu", and Hangzhou chronicles mistakenly copied: "Under the Sixth Bridge in Su Causeway, Pu Shu was said five times, and Hangzhou chronicles were written as Dongpu." Some experts say that other five-bridge verb+noun formats, then Dongpu Bridge should also be "Liang" (verb) Pu (noun). Sounds reasonable, waiting for more evidence to appear.
According to Meng Lianglu, there is a small bridge to the west of Dongpu Bridge, called Xiaoxin Dike, which was built by Zhao in the Chunyou period. It is 250 feet long and is connected with the wind and load of Qu Yuan, who can be connected with Lingyin. The levee was abandoned, and the Jinsha levee was built on the former site in the Qing Dynasty. The remains are in the position of today's Zhao Gong levee.
6. Crossing Hongqiao:
The northernmost bridge in Su Causeway is called Crossing Hongqiao, next to Quyuan Lotus Pond. Maybe someone is here to watch the rainbow after the rain, or the neon waves on the water, so it is called rainbow.
According to the Complete Works of Couplets, in the ninth year of Yongzheng, Governor Li Minda built a flower bed at the foot of the lonely mountain on the west side of Hongqiao, dedicated to the God of Tiger Mountain, next to spend december and the four seasons flower-urging messengers. "The girls are flying around, so beautiful", it must be gorgeous.
Next to the flower bed, there is a moon altar, and the gold couplet reads: "May all beings in the world become a family; Last life was doomed, don't miss the marriage. " This is a dialogue from Pipa Xing and The West Chamber.
Interestingly, according to legend, the true God of Hushan was created by Li Minda according to his own image, and the twelve flower gods all had their own people, who were served by Li Zhiji. When the author Jiaqing visited the temple in the first year, although the temple had declined, the twelve flower gods were still in high spirits, just like real people. There is an old couplet on the door: "Cui Cuihong, there are birds everywhere; Ups and downs, year after year. "
The Sixth Bridge is not only a scenic spot on the lake, but also a scenic spot. Looking east is the outer lake, where there are three islands, solitary mountain and Wu Shan, where gems flow and Leifeng sunset shines on the lake; Looking west, there are Moon Lake, Xili Lake and Nanhu Lake, as well as Yang Gongdi and Xishan Mountain. The twelve scenes of the six bridges are clear at a glance, and the long embankment is tireless.
Development history of Su Causeway
Song dynasty; surname
There are West Lake in Hangzhou and West Lake in Yingshang, both of which are places of interest, and Dongpo is in charge of two counties. It was beautiful at the beginning, and a beautiful person said, "As long as you swim in the lake, you can do business." Qin Taixu wrote a quatrain cloud: "From the beginning of ten miles of lotus, I have the West Lake." When he tried to drown his business in the lake, he said, "There is nothing to mind." After Dongpo arrived at Yingying, Xie came to the stage and said, "If you take part in the second ban, you will lose the honor of the North Gate; Two groups of monks and nuns were appointed as the leaders of the West Lake. "Therefore, please dredge the West Lake in Hangzhou, gather silt, build a long embankment, and cross the lake from south to north, hence the name Su Gongdi. Planting peach and willow, with six bridges in the middle. After crossing the south, he advocated shipbuilding, which was quite gorgeous. After that, the lake was washed away and bitten, and the embankment gradually became barren.
bright
Before Chenghua in Ming Dynasty, Lihu was a private enterprise, with six bridges flowing like a line. In the third year, Yang Jian, the county chief, went to Xindi in the west and Su Causeway in the north, which was two feet high and five feet wide. Li Lake was built with six bridges, and thousands of willows were planted, reviving the past. Over time, the willows were defeated and the dikes were broken.
In the 12th year of Jiajing, Wang Qi, the county magistrate, ordered the criminals to redeem themselves with peaches and vitamins. It was cut down after the fire. In the second year of Wanli, Zhu Bingru was transported with salt to replant willow trees. In the early years of Chongzhen, all the trees on the embankment were broken. The satrap Liu and the scholar Chen have arrived. In February, victory will be held in Su Causeway. In the city, there are tens of thousands of Yang Jiaodeng, gauze lanterns, peaches and willows, red carpets, famous prostitutes drinking and singing loudly. At night, all the wax burns together, and the light is like day. Look at the dikes in the lake, there are ten thousand waxes, and the shadow of the lake is twice as big. Xiao Ge emphasizes ignorance. Spread to the capital, carved magistrate.
Because I want Dongpo to see the days in Hangzhou, every time I have a rest in spring, I will invite a guest to the lake and have breakfast in a beautiful place. After dinner, each guest will have a boat and the captain will get some prostitutes. After the ceremony, you will gather with gongs and visit the lake pavilion or bamboo pavilion, which will be fun. By the time of the first and second drums, the night market was still there and the candles were listed and returned. Men and women in the city gathered in the street to watch. This is true romance, happiness is in the world, and we can't chase it anymore.
clean
On the stone tablet of the Royal Monument Pavilion in Su Causeway, West Lake, there is the inscription "Xiao Chun, Su Causeway" by Emperor Qianlong. People may mistakenly think that this is the expression of emperor Qianlong's personality and self-esteem. But in fact, in ancient times, "land" and "land" were two different ways to write the same Chinese character. Dike, Tang (Tang) Ye is found in Shuo Wen Jie Zi edited by Xu Shen in Han Dynasty.
Su Shi and Su Causeway
Su Shi
Su Shi (1037 ~110/year) was born in Meishan, Northern Song Dynasty. He is a famous writer, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. He is knowledgeable and versatile, and has high attainments in calligraphy, painting, poetry and prose. His calligraphy is called "Song Sijia" with Cai Xiang, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fei. He is good at painting bamboo and strange stones, and also has outstanding opinions on painting theory and calligraphy theory. He is a literary leader after Ouyang Xiu in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his prose is as famous as Ouyang Xiu. Poetry is like the name of Huang Tingjian; His poems are magnificent and bold in style, and his graceful words have been changed. Known as "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty, * * * is an uninhibited poet.
Anecdotes and interesting episodes
In the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Dongpo, a famous poet, first came to Hangzhou as a local official. Fascinated by the landscape of Hangzhou, he thought that the West Lake was more beautiful than the ancient beauty stone, so he wrote a wonderful poem, "If you want to compare with the West Lake, light makeup is always appropriate." However, after 15 years, when Su Dongpo came to Hangzhou as a satrap again, he found that the West Lake was already dead, the lake mud was silted up and weeds were overgrown. He wrote with emotion that "there is a West Lake in Hangzhou, as a man has eyebrows" and decided to learn from Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, and dredge the West Lake to do a good thing for the people of Hangzhou.
The notice of dredging the West Lake was posted, but Su Dongpo was stumped by one thing: where is the dredged marsh mud pile? If piled up on the four banks of the West Lake, it will not only hinder traffic, but also pollute the environment; If it takes a lot of effort and trouble to transport it far away, when can the West Lake be dredged? Su Dongpo was so worried that he couldn't eat well and sleep well for three days and nights. On the fourth day, he decided to walk around the West Lake to see how to deal with it better.
Su Dongpo, with his entourage, rode to Qixialing in Beishan first. At first glance, this is the main road of psychic seclusion and Tianzhu, and it is obviously not suitable for piling mud. So, I want to visit Jingci Temple in Nanping. He was standing at the Xiling Ferry, trying to get on the ferry, when he heard a fishing song from the depths of the willow forest: "Nanshan female, Beishan male, it is difficult to sue across the bank." When will the bridge in the sky collapse? Take thirty-three steps along the lake. "
Su Dongpo was very happy when he heard this: Isn't this a suggestion for me? Yes, there can be a "magpie bridge" in the sky, but can't there be a long embankment on the lake? This not only solves the problem of dumping lake mud, but also facilitates the traffic between the north and the south. It's killing two birds with one stone!
Su Dongpo shouted happily: "Good! Go to the other side of the lake. " Just then, a boat flew out of the willow forest. A young fisherman stood at the bow and bowed and said to Su Dongpo, "Wang has been waiting here. Please get on board!" Su Dongpo was pleasantly surprised and asked, "How did you know I was coming to the lake?" The young man replied, "I heard that the prefect is going to dredge the West Lake, so naturally he will come to the lake to see for himself, so I am waiting for you." Su Dongpo said, "Well, you must have sung that fishing song just now!" The young man smiled and said, "Yes, this is the wish of the people in the north and south mountains of the West Lake!" "
Su Dongpo boarded a fishing boat and came to Nanshan. Another boat came out of the willow, and a clear song flew up: "Nanshan female, Beishan male, over 23 years old." It's hard to say how much they love each other. The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl are looking forward to it. Su Dongpo laughed. "Sing well, sing well, nanshan girl and beishan man. Let me build a long bank on the lake and make your marriage complete! "
The news that the West Lake will build a dam spread like wildfire. Fishermen, farmers and citizens from the North and South Mountains all rushed to the scene and volunteered to work. Su Dongpo said: "Thank you folks. You have been suffering from drought and flood for years, and your life is difficult. " I have reported to the court and decided to allocate a batch of rice for work. "When the villagers heard that there was food and rice to be distributed, they became more enthusiastic. From summer to autumn, seven long dikes were finally built between Beishan and Nanshan, leaving six waterways. However, due to lack of funds, the bridge cannot be built for the time being. A young woodcutter on the shore of Hubei Province had a good idea. He cut down a number of trees, assembled them into boards and built six suspension bridges. Usually, the suspension bridge is pulled up to let the ships in the inner and outer lakes pass, and the suspension bridge is put down in the morning and evening to let the folks on both sides of the strait pass. Peach willows are planted on both sides of the long embankment, one is to protect the embankment, and the other is pink and green in spring, which adds a beautiful scenery to the West Lake.
In order to remember Su Dongpo's achievements in dredging lakes and building dikes, later generations called this north-south long dike Su Causeway. In the early morning of spring, Liuqiao smoked willow cage yarn, chirped several times, and reported the early spring in Su Causeway. There is also a folk song Sang Song: "Six suspension bridges in West Lake, one willow and one peach." Su Causeway Xiao Chun in the "Ten Scenes of West Lake" is named after this.
Related poems
Su Causeway, Xiao Chun
Ning Zhang
Liu Yang has long dikes everywhere, and Huaming Road has not been lost.
Before the boatman gets up, he listens to the warbler on his side pillow.
Dike building
Su Shi
Six bridges span the Tianhan River, and Beishan begins to connect with Nanping.
Suddenly, I was shocked, and the old cockroach fell from the sky.
In the past, the pearl was full of green cymbals, and the female wall was still in the sand.
There are willows beside the Sixth Dongfeng Bridge, but no orioles see cuckoos.
Poetry again:
Qin Hui and Hui Si both live in remote mountains. Perilla Dai Jun visited this place in1February, and he wrote a poem:
When it snows, the lake is full of clouds, and all the colors in the tower are gone.
There are many fish in the clear water stone, but no birds in the deep forest.
It's really entertaining not to return to your wife and children in the twelfth lunar month.
Where do Taoist priests live? Baoyunshan has a long way to go.
Who wants to stay in a lonely mountain, Taoist priests are not lonely.
Paper window bamboo building is deep and warm, sitting and lying brown.
In cold weather, I don't worry about my servant at all, so I have to drive home and can't leave.
Looking back at the cloud hydration, I saw the Wild Crane Pagoda.
I was so happy when I traveled, and I felt like a dream when I got home.
Poetry is desperate for death, and it is difficult to copy a clear scene if it is lost.
Fanhu Liudu Bridge Dike
Wang Shizhen
Flying warblers crow out of the valley, and the long embankment crosses the sky.
Six Bridges Fight for Hong Ying, Five Horses Take off and Spread the Dust.
The clear water is shaking like hope, and the green hills are at the beginning of the game.
Don't miss the willow lightly, who is the romantic white shed?
Su Causeway Notes
Zhang Jingyuan
When Su Causeway crossed the Sixth Bridge, all kinds of peaches and willows were planted on both sides of the embankment, which rustled down. Think about February and March, when willow leaves and peach blossoms are crowded with tourists, if it is not a clear victory at this time.
Double-peak defogging diagram
plum
The Dragon King Hall of the Third Bridge, overlooking the mountains of the West Lake, was quite successful. Smoke forest fog barrier, reflection belt step; The bottom is thick, and there are many things in an instant. Non-Dong's pen is not enough to express its charm. When I was in the small building, I rowed the boat to the embankment and looked at the mountain vertically step by step, which gave me the greatest appreciation. But, unlike writing, it's hard to say. To your friend Cheng, the poem says: "The wind embankment shows the tower, and the rain shadow in the pavilion is not exhausted." I tried to draw a round fan, and the letter from the boat window was very popular. This scene, this poem and this painting are all imaginable. Qinghuige in August.
Su Causeway, Xiao Chun
Ruan Yuan
Last month, the northern peak was oblique and the lake was ten miles long.
At dawn, the spring is blue and white, and the east wind blows cold peach blossoms.
other
In Wang Yanna's Su Gong Di in the Ming Dynasty: "Shaded willow hides oriole, fragrant flowers scatter the wind and chase the sound of hooves".
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Wu Weixin's poem "Qingming is a matter of Su Causeway" said: "As soon as the sun rises, Wan Liu returns to the warbler."
Lu You also wrote the poem "Flowers Full of Willow Smoke in Su Causeway".