Recitation should enter the work and express the feelings in the work.
It can be seen that speech is the communication between the speaker and the audience, and recitation is the relationship between the reciter and the work. The two consider different objects.
In view of the fact that some people, even the judges of many speech contests and Putonghua recitation contests, often confuse speech with recitation, which greatly affects the academic authority of the judges, we hereby distinguish the two language expressions as follows.
Speech and recitation, because they are both oral expressions, all use spoken language in expression and expression, all have certain feelings, and all pay attention to body language. So people are easily confused, but they are essentially two different styles.
First of all, speech belongs to the category of oratory in nature. It is a form of oral communication in which the speaker directly expresses his opinions, viewpoints and attitudes in order to publicize the truth and exchange information and ideas. Recitation, on the other hand, is a re-created oral art, that is, the process in which actors re-create artistic images through vocal language on the basis of understanding and feeling the image and emotional characteristics of literary works. One is a direct form of communication, which pays attention to application and authenticity; One is the process of indirect re-creation, focusing on artistry and fiction. The characteristics of the former can be realized by propaganda speech, academic thesis defense, lawyer's defense and speech draft. The latter can be appreciated from the objects of reading, such as poems, essays, novels, dramas, fairy tales, fables and other genres, creating an artistic atmosphere and giving people spiritual pleasure and aesthetic enjoyment.
Secondly, from the process, method and purpose of implementation, the two are different.
Their different nature determines their different forms in the implementation process. Why do you say that? Because any speech or speech draft is a historical product and record left by a specific person at a specific time and occasion for a certain purpose, no matter the content, style or scene of the speech, it is fixed in history with its uniqueness and authenticity. Lincoln's speech at the inauguration ceremony of the National Martyrs Cemetery in Gettysburg, Wen Yiduo's last speech, and the speeches of great men such as Lu Xun and Mao Zedong are all true portraiture of history. Of course, if later speakers want to imitate their speeches at that time and reproduce history, then you must be similar to them in image and style, and then it may become a performance. Of course, once you reproduce those specific scenes, images and styles, people will judge whether they are similar, true or false and unique. Reciting is different. As long as it is a literary work at all times and at all times, readers can use it for secondary creation. Of course, there are objective images created by writers and objective emotional characteristics in literary works, but its image is fictitious, and different readers can create different reading images. Because of different experiences, different cultural attainments, different levels of feeling and understanding, different timbre and sound quality, the images created by the reciter are also different. Even in the same literary work, different reciters create different reciting images. Qiao Zhen and Liu Guangning, both famous voice actors of Shu Ting's Motherland, My Mother, have different artistic conception and even recitation image because of their different timbre, sound quality, personality and gender. If this poem was recited by Sun Daolin, a famous film performance artist, its image and artistic conception might be different. Therefore, the recitation of literary works leaves more room for the second free creation and broad room for the reciter.
Judging from the purpose of their implementation, the reciter infects the audience by recreating colorful reading images, so that the audience can enjoy aesthetics. Generally speaking, recitation is an art of "art for art's sake", which is completely different from speech. Of course, it is undeniable that there may be some emotional infection in the whole process of the speech, and we should also pay attention to certain artistic images, but this is not the main purpose of the speech. The main purpose of the speech is to "convince the audience to understand the real situation" (in Isokrates). In a word, a speech is to convince the audience of the truth, even the truth you have expounded.
Thirdly, from the characteristics of body language, there are differences between them. The body language of speech mainly refers to the use of body gestures (such as gestures) and facial expressions (such as eyes) to help the speaker speak, but these body languages must be the natural expression of the true self and the real historical realism. Different from speech, recitation is an art of performance. It not only needs to be expressed through actions and expressions to create a typical image, but also needs to strengthen the unique feeling of the work, render an exciting artistic atmosphere and create a fascinating artistic conception through the cooperation of scenery, lighting, music and makeup modeling.