Lakes and mountains are my home, and willow trees are a path.
When the lake overflows, egrets fly in the air and frogs hum by the lake.
The newly harvested bamboo shoots are ripe, and the magnolia has just begun to blossom.
Alas, let bygones be bygones, who * * * will sleep in afternoon European tea.
Introduction to ancient poetry
Early Summer of Seclusion was written by Lu You, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, in Yinshan in his later years. The first six sentences of this poem describe scenery, and the last two sentences are emotions. The whole poem revolves around the word "quiet in early summer", and the word "quiet" is emphasized in four words. The scenery is a quiet scenery, and love is also a secret love, but there is a dark hate in the secret love. This poem expresses the poet's concern for the country and people, his love for life, his active use of the world, and his perseverance.
Translation/translation
Lakes and mountains are my home, and the path of Sophora japonica Liu Yin is faint.
When the lake overflows, egrets are dancing, grass is singing and frogs are everywhere.
The bamboo shoots of the new crop have matured, but the brush flowers have just begun to bloom.
When we met, we never met. Who mentioned it before we dreamed of having tea at noon?
To annotate ...
(1) Lakes and mountains: Lakes and mountains. Victory: a beautiful place.
(2) Wild trail: village trail.
(3) Sometimes: sometimes, it means that there is uncertainty, and it means that there is hope. Heron, the original "Miu", was revised according to Qian Zhonglian's proofreading.
(4) deep, the original "source", according to Qian Zhonglian proofreading. Everywhere: everywhere. Frog sound: refers to frog sound, which is a metaphor for the noise of vulgar things.
5. Dragon: another name for bamboo shoots. Su Shi's poem "Valley of the Moon": "Bamboo planting in Hanchuan is as cheap as a canopy, and the axe has never forgiven the dragon." Zhu Qiaonian's poem: "A thunder startled the dragon, and the mountain people were unknown."
[6] Wooden pen: Wooden name, also known as Magnolia, is a common thing in early summer. When the flower is not in bloom, the bud is hairy and the tip is as long as a pen, hence the name. Bai Juyi's poem "Mind Your Own Business" says: "Warm the color of the wall clothes and make the wood brush the flowers." The original "first edition" was revised by Qian Zhonglian.
(7) sigh: sigh; Sigh. Old age: After old age. Make old friends: old friends; Old friend.
(8): Cup.
Appreciation/appreciation
This poem is selected from the "Simple Draft" written by Lu You, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty in his later years. It's an idyll that the poet expresses his ambition of providing for the elderly and serving the country.
The origin of Lu You's poetry in the village in his later years has always been called "learning pottery" and "learning white". Judging from his large number of poems describing rural scenery, especially from this poem "Early Summer Seclusion", it is true that Tao Yuanming is quiet and Bai Juyi is shallow, but there is still one place that Tao and Bai have never had; His heart is always hot, and his poems are always restless.
The first sentence's "Lake and Mountain Scenery" runs through the whole article, outlining the environment, starting with the brushwork, and together, there is a word "secluded" in the water color of Yamaguchi. The second sentence is written around the room, and the brushwork is slightly closed. The country road is crooked and surrounded by green trees. There is a house here, which is actually a secluded place. The shade of Sophora japonica is indeed the scene of early summer. The sentence "Help the trees around the house" is a dark spot.
Parallel couplet is closely connected with the first couplet. The water is full, the grass is deep, herons are falling and frogs are singing, which is a typical early summer scenery. However, the word "view" in the last sentence clearly says what you see; The next sentence was written in secret with "frog croak". Brightness, darkness, sight and smell change alternately. The above sentence says that the lake is flat, the eyes are clear and the field of vision is wide, which is written from the horizontal aspect. From time to time, egrets slowly descend from the blue sky and fall to the lake for food. People's eyes follow the egret from top to bottom, and their vision is far-reaching, which is written from the vertical aspect. Egrets, on the other hand, are carefree and serene, which also reflects the tranquility of the environment, making this open picture full of quiet atmosphere, and the following word "view" makes the poet more complacent and relaxed. Quiet scenery, quiet things and people's leisure are integrated into one, forming a quiet and far-reaching artistic conception. Judging from the next sentence, frogs are everywhere in the green grass, which seems to be contrary to the quiet scenery on the surface. In fact, it is based on silence, or a quiet pen.
In the sound of frogs, there is a kind of vitality, and there is also a secret transition to the "dragon" and "wooden pen" at the neckline, which shows the vigorous business of nature, with fine needles and dense lines, without revealing traces. What the poet shows the reader is static bamboo and flowers, but what arouses the reader's imagination is the dynamic landscape that is always growing and changing.
Judging from the composition, the first six sentences are purely descriptive, while the inheritance is open and closed and orderly. Zhuan Xu's "Full of Water" and "Deep Grass" are waterfront scenery and carry forward the word "lake"; The "first bamboo shoot" and "first flower" of a tie are mountain views, which carry forward the word "mountain". The first sentence summarizes "the beauty of lakes and mountains", and the two couplets are perfunctory and strict in composition. But Zhuan Xu wrote about the lake, which is a wide landscape in the distance; Tie writing around the yard is the scenery nearby. The first six sentences of this poem describe the beauty of quiet scenery and show the poet's self-enjoyment. At this point, it really makes people completely at ease with this Weng and settle down in their hometown. However, my heart suddenly turned, and with a sigh, the word "old" appeared in the big book, and the sigh "When everything is here, my life will rest" rose slightly in the ancient well, which was poetic. It turns out that although everything is happy, this Weng's mood is declining. He is old, tired and sleepy, and he wants to drink tea when he wakes up. Holding a cup in hand, it suddenly occurred to me that old friends had dispersed in the evening, and no one had a cup of tea to chat and enjoy the scenery. Therefore, a feeling of loneliness comes to mind. Looking around, no one told.
Second, Guan Mo sells Dynasty: Tang Dynasty | Author: Bai Juyi
The Tian family has less leisure in the month, and people are twice as busy in May.
In the evening, the south wind rises and the wheat turns yellow.
A woman's husband is hungry and her child is pregnant with pot pulp.
Go with Tian Xiang. Ding Zhuang is in Nangang.
Summer is steaming and rustic, and the back is burning.
I don't know about the heat, but I regret the long summer.
Another poor woman, holding her son,
Grab the ear with your right hand and hang the basket with your left arm.
Listening to his words of concern is very sad.
My family's taxes are gone, so I can take this to satisfy my hunger.
Today, I have no merit, and I have never worked in farming and mulberry.
There are 300 stones in the land, and there is surplus grain in the year of Yan.
I am ashamed to read this in private, and I can't forget it every day.
Introduction to ancient poetry
Looking at Mai Niang is an early work of Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. This poem describes the busy farming scene in the wheat harvest season, criticizes the exorbitant taxes and levies that caused people's poverty, and feels deeply guilty that the poet himself can have plenty of food and clothing without virtue labor, showing the humanitarian spirit of a feudal official with conscience. In writing techniques, the poet combines panoramic description with the description of specific characters, making the whole poem an organic whole.
Translation/translation
Farmers seldom have free months. When May comes, people are busier. At night, the south wind blew, and the wheat covered on the ridge was ripe and yellow. Women carry vegetables in bamboo baskets, children carry water slurry in pots, and follow each other to deliver meals in the fields. The men who collect wheat are all in Nangang. Their feet were smoked by the heat of the ground and their backs were basking in the hot sun. Tired as if I didn't know it was hot, I just cherished the long summer. I saw a poor woman standing beside the wheat harvester with her child in her arms, picking up the left ear of wheat in her right hand and hanging a broken basket on her left arm. Listening to her look at others, everyone who hears her feels sorry for her. Because of paying rent and taxes, all the fields at home have been sold out, so we have to pick up some ears of wheat to satisfy our hunger. What achievements have I made now, but I don't have to engage in farming and sericulture. Get a salary of 300 stone meters a year, and there will be surplus food at the end of the year. I feel ashamed to think of these things, and I can't forget them all day.
To annotate ...
(1) cut (y): cut. The title bet is "At that time, I was the county magistrate".
⑵ Cover (fu) long (lǒng) yellow: cover the ridge when the wheat is yellow. Cover: cover. Dragon: the same as "ridge", here refers to the ridge where crops are planted in farmland, and here refers to wheat fields in general.
⑶ Auntie: Daughter-in-law and mother-in-law, generally referring to women here. Lotus: Rice in a bamboo basket. H: shoulders, shoulders. Eat: bamboo basket rice.
(4) Childishness (zhi): children carry soup and water jiāng the pot. Slurry: a slightly sour drink in ancient times, sometimes referring to rice wine or soup.
5. Pay (m \u ng) Tian: Send meals to people who work in the fields.
[6] Ding Zhuang: A young man. Nangang (gāng): Place name.
(7) Steaming the summer heat rusts the back, scorching the sky: the feet are smoked by the hot air on the ground, and the back is roasted by the scorching sun.
(8) Dan: Only. Cherish: hope.
(9) refers to farmers who are working. Side: Same as "side".
⑽ Bing (bǐng) Sui Zuo: Holding the ear of wheat picked from the ground. Bing, take it. Get lost, get lost
⑾ hanging: carrying it. Our (b √) basket: broken basket.
⑿ Care for each other: Look at each other and tell each other. C: Look, look.
[13] Audience: Bai Juyi refers to himself. Wèi: Sadness (omitting "ambition").
[14] Shu √: House rental tax. Lose, pass, extend to give, give.
⒂ I: refers to the author himself.
He has never worked in agriculture or mulberry: he has never worked in agricultural production. Zeng: All the time, never. Things: engage in. Agriculture and mulberry industry: agriculture and sericulture.
Officer (Li) Lu (lù) 300 stone (Dan): At that time, Bai Juyi was appointed as the magistrate of Zhouzhi County, with an annual salary of about 300 stone meters. Stone: an ancient unit of capacity, with ten barrels as one stone. (Ancient thoughts, Dan)
Yan (Yan): At the end of the year. Yan, it's late
Read this: think about this.
⒇ All day: All day, all day.
Appreciation/appreciation
This poem is clear in narration, natural in structure, clear in hierarchy and strong in logic. At the beginning of the poem, the background is explained first, indicating that May is the busy farming season for wheat harvest. Then write down that women lead their children to the fields to give food and water to young people who are cutting wheat. Later, it described young farmers cutting wheat with their heads down in Nangang wheat field, fumigating their feet with the heat, and baking their backs in the hot sun. They are tired and don't feel hot, but they just cherish the long days in summer and can do more work. At this point, the farmer's hard work has been strongly demonstrated. Then I described another sad scene: a poor woman, with a child in her arms and a broken basket in her hand, was picking wheat by the wheat harvester. The reason why she wants to pick up wheat is because her family's fields have been sold out and she has to pay official tax. Now there is no land to plant and no wheat to harvest, so she has to pick up wheat to satisfy her hunger. These two scenes are intertwined, with both differences and connections: the former reveals the hardships of farmers, while the latter reveals heavy taxes. Since heavy taxes have made poor women lose their fields, they will also make this peasant family who is cutting wheat lose their fields. Today's wheat pickers are yesterday's wheat pickers; Today's wheat harvesters may become tomorrow's wheat harvesters. Strong irony is self-evident. The poet linked the pain of farmers' life with the ease of his own life, feeling ashamed and unable to calm down for a long time. This lyric text is the essence of the whole poem. It is the product of the author's touching feelings and shows the poet's deep sympathy for the working people. Bai Juyi wrote satirical poems with the aim of "only making people sick, and I hope the emperor knows." In this poem, he made a sharp contrast between the peasants and himself as a court official with his own personal feelings, that is, he hoped that the "son of heaven" was affectionate and tactful, which could be described as well-intentioned.
Bai Juyi is the master of art who is best at writing narrative poems. His narrative poems can fully express people's feelings and things, and write the events described in them in twists and turns. Moreover, his narrative poems always contain the revelation of the soul, so they always contain feelings. Although he didn't write much in Watching the Wheat Harvest, he vividly described the hard and painful life scenes of the wheat harvesters and gleaner during the summer harvest. Not only wrote things, but also wrote hearts, including the author's own heart and the hearts of working people. The poet's heartstrings were obviously shaken and shaken by the tragic scene he heard and saw, so he raised his pen to tell the truth, and between the lines, he was full of sympathy and pity for the workers. Poems such as "It's full of rustic heat, and the sun is shining on my back" and "My family's taxes are all gone, so I can take this to satisfy my hunger" contain the author's infinite sympathy and compassion. Therefore, in the narrative of this poem "Looking at Wheat", there is the infiltration of the author's feelings and the beating of his heart, and the author's heart is integrated with what he tells. What is commendable is that while describing the working people, the author can also truly write the voices of the working people, especially depicting the abnormal psychology of the working people in a certain situation and profoundly revealing the theme of the poem. In The Charcoal Man, "Poor man's clothes are simple, but he is worried about charcoal, wishing it would be cold", which describes the abnormal psychology of the old man who sells charcoal because of food and clothing. "I don't know the heat when I'm exhausted, but I regret the long summer" in "Watching Wheat Cutting" is also a kind of abnormal psychology. This description depicts the working people's hearts in detail and goes deep into the details. The perfect unity of writing and writing in poetry is more shocking than the general unity of narrative and lyric. Bai Juyi is also an expert in using contrast techniques. In his poetry creation, he not only compared the poverty and kindness of the working people with the luxury tyranny of the landlord class, but also compared his own comfort with the poverty of the working people. After writing about the hardships and pains of farmers in the hot summer, the poet also thought of himself, feeling that he had no "merit" and "didn't work for farmers and mulberry", but he was paid "three hundred stones" and still had "surplus grain" by the end of the year, so he was "ashamed of it and couldn't forget it every day". It was very rare for poets to take the initiative to compare with farmers at that time. This contrast is really novel, accurate, commendable and thought-provoking, which shows the ideological height of this poem.