HanYueFu
The trees in the garden are lush, and the crystal dew rises in the sun.
Spring fills the earth with hope, and everything presents a scene of prosperity.
I am always afraid that when the cold autumn comes, the trees in Ye Er will turn yellow and the grass will wither.
The river runs to the sea, and when will it return to the west?
A lazy youth, a lousy age.
To annotate ...
1. Qingqing: the color when plants thrive.
2.(xρ): drying.
3. Yangchun: warm spring.
4. Dez: Grace.
5. Autumn Festival: Autumn.
6.ū (kūn) yellow: yellow.
7. flower: the same as "flower".
8. Boss: Old.
9. Acts: In vain.
Modern translation
The river flows to the East China Sea, how can it flow back? If you don't try to make a difference when you are young, it's useless to regret and be sad when you are old.
Make an appreciative comment
Yuefu poetry is a genre that can best represent the achievements of Chinese poetry. It often uses fu, bi, xing, intertextuality, and repeated singing to express its feelings, and this song "Long Songs" represents this feature.
The phrase "Sunflowers in the Green Garden" describes the scene of spring. Morning, morning dew, green sunflowers and sunshine, what a vibrant picture. Spring returns to the earth, everything grows, and nature gives the world spring and grace. The poet's joy and gratitude permeated the back of the paper, and then he expressed his tragic mood. The word "mourning" is both a description of the bleak scene and an expression of regret. Then it is associated with the return of hundreds of rivers to the sea, which is used to describe the fleeting time. Finally, I feel that "teenagers don't work hard, but the elderly are sad" and call on the world to cherish time and make a difference. The whole poem rises from the green sunflower and is associated with the changes of the four seasons; Compared with rivers, it is concluded that we should hurry up and work hard, and its comparison and promotion methods are obvious.
Long song is the first of two pieces of Harmony and Flat Tone written by Han Yuefu. "Long song" is suitable for expressing deep affection. This poem is expressive, descriptive, lyrical, sighing and encouraging, which makes the whole poem full of delicate connotations and endless implications. It not only inherits the tradition of "singing and chanting", but also has great formal aesthetic feeling, which is convenient for repeated chanting.
Second, the seven-step poem
Cao Zhi (Three Kingdoms Wei)
Boil beans and burn beans, and the beans cry in the pot.
We are born from the same root. What's the hurry?
To annotate ...
1. pot (f incarnation): ancient pot.
2. Fried: suffering, metaphorical persecution.
Brief analysis
According to Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Cao Zhi's brother Cao Pi wanted to persecute Cao Zhi after he proclaimed himself emperor, so he ordered Cao Zhi to write a poem in just seven steps. As a result, Cao Zhi sang this seven-step poem. The poet used the metaphor of fried beans to accuse Cao Pi of cruel persecution of himself and other brothers.
The first two sentences, "Boil beans and burn beans, and beans cry in the kettle", describe the sharp contradiction between "beans" and "beans" and the cruel persecution of beans by beans. The last two sentences are "born from the same root, why speculate with each other!" Make the finishing point and prompt the theme of the poem. The word "the same root" is a pun. On the surface, it means that "glutinous rice" and "beans" grow on the same root. Actually, they were born to the same parents as xelloss, and asked xelloss why he was so anxious about his younger brother and sister.
The metaphor of this poem is very apt, simple and vivid. Although it is still difficult to determine whether this poem itself is really written by Cao Zhi, it reflects the internal contradictions of Cao Wei's ruling group with vivid images, and it is indeed a good poem.
3. Chilean songs
Northern Dynasties
Chilechuan, under the shady mountain, the sky is like a vault, and the cage covers four fields.
The sky is wild, and the wind and grass are moving to see cattle and sheep.
To annotate ...
1. Chile: ethnic name, who lived in Shuozhou (now northern Shanxi Province) in the Northern Qi Dynasty.
2. Yinshan Mountain: In the north of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
3. Vault: A tent made of felt cloth, that is, a yurt.
4. pale: cyan.
Brief analysis
This is a folk song sung by Chileans, translated from Xianbei into Chinese. It praises the scenery of grassland and the life of nomadic people.
The first two sentences "Chilechuan, under the Yinshan Mountain" show that Chilechuan is located at the foot of the towering Yinshan Mountain, which sets off the grassland background very majestic. Then there are two sentences: "The sky is like a dome, and the cage covers four fields". Zile people use the "dome" in their own lives as a metaphor, saying that the sky is like a felt dome tent, covering all directions of the grassland, so as to describe the magnificent scene of the distant view and the connection between the wild and the wild. This kind of sight can only be seen on the grassland or at sea. The last three sentences, "The sky is grey, the wild land is boundless, the wind and grass are low, and the cattle and sheep are low", are a magnificent and vibrant panorama of the grassland. "When the wind blows grass, you can see cattle and sheep." A gust of wind bends the grass, exposing flocks of cattle and sheep, vividly depicting the scene of rich water and grass and fat cattle and sheep here. There are only twenty words in the whole poem, which shows a magnificent picture of the life of ancient herders in China.
This poem has a clear and generous style unique to the folk songs of the Northern Dynasties, with an open realm, a majestic tone, clear language and strong artistic generalization. Huang Tingjian, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said that the author of this folk song "hastily used strange words to cover up the truth" (The Inscription of the Valley, Volume 7). Because the author is very familiar with the life of grassland herders, he can grasp the characteristics at once without hard engraving, and the artistic effect is very good.
4. Singing geese
Luo
Goose Goose, Xiang Tiange.
White feathers, floating in green water; The red soles of the feet stir the clear water.
To annotate ...
1. chant: to describe or describe something with poems and words. Ode to Goose is a poem written by Luo when he was seven years old.
2. Item: Behind the neck.
3. Palm: This poem refers to the soles of geese.
Brief analysis
This poem is very vivid from the eyes of a seven-year-old child to see the way geese swim and play.
The first sentence uses three words "goose" to express the poet's love for geese. The word "Goose" can be understood as that the child heard the goose crow three times, and it can also be understood as that the child was very happy when he saw the goose playing in the water and shouted "Goose, Goose, Goose" three times.
The second sentence "Thinking about Xiang Tiange" describes the way geese sing. The word "Quxiang" describes the state of geese singing to the sky, which is very accurate. The song of a goose is different from that of a chicken. The chicken is singing by pulling its neck, while the goose is singing.
Three or four sentences describe the wild geese playing in the water: "White hair floats with green water, red palms clear waves." The verbs "Gone with the Wind" and "Poke" vividly show the wild geese's swimming and frolicking posture. Several colorful words such as "white hair", "red palm" and "green water" give people vivid visual images. Goose's white hair and red palm, floating on the green waves of clear water, set each other off twice, forming a beautiful "white goose splashing water map", showing Wang Bin's ability to observe things when he was a child.
He is as famous as Yang Jiong and Lu, and is known as the "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty". When Xu Jingye was ready to crusade against Wu Zetian, King Robin wrote a letter for him. An election campaign listed the crimes of Wuhou, which was very touching. Wu Hou was shocked to read the sentence "a handful of dirt is wet, six feet are lonely" and asked the Prime Minister why he didn't reuse this person earlier. After the defeat, Wang's whereabouts were unknown, and there were legends such as being killed, committing suicide and fleeing.
5. Return to China to write a book.
He zhangzhi
Young people leave home, old people return, and the local accent has not changed.
When children meet strangers, they will smile and ask where the guests are from.
To annotate ...
1. Teenager left home: He is a 37-year-old scholar who left his hometown before that. He was over eighty when he came home.
2. No change: No change. One is "hard to change."
3. decline: sparse.
4. Xiang: an adverb that refers to something. When we met, you saw me; You don't know me if you don't know me.
Brief analysis
He (659-744), a poet in Tang Dynasty, was born in Yongxing, Yuezhou (now Xiaoshan County, Zhejiang Province).
This poem describes my joy and excitement when I meet again after a long separation. Vivid and implicit, full of life interest.
The first sentence points out that this is a work of returning home, and the sentences of "leaving home when young" and "returning home when old" are self-correcting, highlighting the fact that the poet left home for a long time and came home late, and generally wrote the fact that he left home for more than 40 years.
The second sentence, "the local accent has not changed, and the hair on the sideburns has declined", followed the previous sentence and wrote his own sense of aging. The long years have made me look old, but the local accent remains the same. The poet sets off the changed sideburns with the unchanging local accent, expressing his long, deep, ancient and cordial local feelings.
Three or four sentences: "children laugh when they meet strangers and ask visitors where they come from." Because he has been away from home for a long time, the children in his hometown don't know him, so they regard him as a distant guest and ask him politely. The sentence "Laugh and ask where the guest comes from" is extremely wonderful. With a little imagination, the child's innocent and lively expression and the poet's emotional changes that are not funny after a little accident will emerge in front of the reader.
He Zhangzhi had a smooth career in his life. When he retired to his hometown in his 80 s, Xuanzong wrote a poem to bid farewell and presented him with Jinghu Lake. The prince and officials bid farewell to him, which can be said to be a "glorious return." However, the poet did not describe the mode of worldly envy, but only described the true feelings of an ordinary person who had lived in a foreign country for a long time. This is consistent with the historical records that He Yisheng was broad-minded and heroic and did not admire Li Rong.
Step 6 chant willow
He zhangzhi
Jasper is dressed up as a tree with 10,000 green silk tapestries.
I don't know who cut the thin leaves, but the spring breeze in February is like scissors.
To annotate ...
1. Jasper: Jade with bright green color. Here is a metaphor for the bright green willow leaves in spring.
2. Make-up: Decorate and dress up.
3. Silk tapestry: Ribbon woven with silk thread. What is described here is the willow branches fluttering in the wind.
Brief analysis
This is an object-chanting poem, which expresses the poet's infinite love for spring by praising willow trees.
The first three sentences of this poem are all about willows. The first sentence "Jasper makes the tree high" refers to the whole, saying that the high willow is made of Jasper. Use "Jasper" to describe the green crystal of willow and highlight its color beauty. The second sentence, "A tapestry of ten thousand strands of moss hangs down", is about willow branches, saying that drooping willow branches are like ten thousand ribbons, highlighting their gentle beauty. The third sentence "I don't know who cut the thin leaves" is to write willow leaves, highlighting the delicate and delicate modeling beauty of willow leaves. The three poems are divided into different parts, and each sentence has its own characteristics. The third sentence and the fourth sentence constitute rhetorical questions. "I wonder who cut the thin leaves?" -ask yourself; "The spring breeze in February is like scissors." -self-answer. This question and answer, from willow cleverness to spring breeze. It is said that cutting out these delicate willow leaves can certainly cut out bright green and bright red flowers and plants. It symbolizes the vitality of nature and the creativity of spring. This poem eulogizes the infinite creativity of spring by praising the willow tree.
7. Liangzhou Ci
Wang Zhihuan
The Yellow River is getting farther and farther away, because it flows in the middle of the Yellow River, and Yumenguan is located on a lonely mountain.
Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing!
To annotate ...
1. Liangzhou Ci: The lyrics of a popular tune (Liangzhou Ci) at that time.
2. The Yellow River is far away: looking at the source of the Yellow River.
3. Lonely city: refers to the lonely castle guarding the border.
4. Qi: ancient unit of length. One breath is equivalent to seven or eight feet.
5. Qiang flute: Qiang musical instrument.
6. Liu Yang: It refers to a song called Folding Liu Yang. There is a custom of breaking willows to bid farewell in the Tang Dynasty.
7. Degree: crossing. The last two sentences are: Why did Qiangdi play such a sad tune as "Folding Willow", complaining that the willow didn't grow and spring came late? You know, the spring breeze outside Yumenguan can't blow!
Brief analysis
Wang Zhihuan (688-742) was born in Ji Ling and Jinyang (now Taiyuan, Shanxi) and moved to Jiangzhou (now Jiangxian, Shanxi). Poets in Tang Dynasty.
"Liangzhou Ci" is the lyrics of Liangzhou Song, not the title of a poem, but the name of a popular tune in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. During the Kaiyuan period, Guo Zhiyun, the Chinese ambassador to Longyou, collected a batch of western music scores and presented them to Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Xuanzong handed it to Jiao Fang to translate it into China's music score, sang it with new lyrics, and took the place names produced by these music scores as the title of the song. Later, many poets liked this tune and filled it with new words, so many poets in the Tang Dynasty wrote Liangzhou Ci.
Wang Zhihuan wrote this poem about the homesickness of frontier soldiers. It is desolate and generous, sad without losing strength. Although he tried his best to exaggerate the resentment that the garrison soldiers were not allowed to go home, he did not feel depressed, which fully showed the broad-minded mind of the poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
The first sentence, "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds", captures the characteristics of overlooking and depicts a moving picture: on the vast plateau, the Yellow River runs down and looks at the west as if it were flowing out of the white clouds. The second sentence, "An isolated city, Wan Ren Mountain", is about an isolated city in the fortress. A lonely city located in the frontier fortress, standing tall by mountains and waters. These two sentences describe the majestic momentum of the motherland's mountains and rivers, outline the geographical situation of this important national defense town, highlight the desolate situation of foot soldiers guarding the border, and provide a typical environment for the latter two sentences to describe the psychology of defending the army.
In this environment, I suddenly heard the sound of Qiangdi, and the tune I played happened to be "Folding Willow", which aroused the sadness of the garrison. The ancients had the custom of parting and giving gifts. "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic and presented to Liu as a souvenir. In the Northern Dynasty Yuefu's "Blowing the Drum Horn Across", there is "Folding Yang Liuzhi", and the lyrics say: "If you don't catch the whip when you get on the horse, you will hit Yang Liuzhi instead. Dismount and play the flute, worrying about killing travelers. " It is mentioned in the song that pedestrians break willows when they walk. This kind of farewell wind was very popular in the Tang Dynasty. Thus, there is a close relationship between willow and parting. Nowadays, when the frontier soldiers hear the sad tune of "Folding Willow" played by Qiangdi, it is inevitable that they will feel sad but not hate it. Therefore, the poet explained in an open-minded tone: Why does Qiangdi always play the sad tune of "breaking willow"? You know, outside Yumenguan is a place where spring breeze can't blow, so there are no willows to fold! To say "why complain" is not to complain, nor to persuade the guards not to complain, but to complain is useless. The use of the word "why complain" makes poetry more economical and meaningful.
Three or four sentences, which Yang Shen thought contained irony: "This poem is not as good as frontier fortress, and the so-called military gate is far more than Wan Li." China's ancient poetry has always had a tradition of "happiness", not to mention "poetry fails to express its meaning". We think readers can't help but understand it, but we are not sure whether the author really means it.
Eight. At Helen's cabin
Wang Zhihuan
The sun sets slowly near the western hills, and the Yellow River flows into the East China Sea.
By going up one flight of stairs, look further.
To annotate ...
1. Stork Tower: The former site is in Yongji County, Shanxi Province. The building is three stories high, with Zhongtiao Mountain in front and the Yellow River at the bottom. Legend has it that storks often inhabit here, hence the name.
2. Day: the sun.
3. rely on: rely on. The sun sets near the mountains.
4. Poverty: exhaustion.
Brief analysis
The extraordinary ambition of the poet in this poem reflects the enterprising spirit of the people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Write what you see in the first two sentences. The Mountain Covers the Day is about vision and mountains. The author stood on the stork tower and looked west, only to see the vast sea of clouds and empty mountains. As the clouds covered the fog, the sun turned white and set beside the peak. "And the loss of the ocean in Huang Jinhe" was written about close range and water. Downstairs, the Yellow River flows into the sea. These two sentences are magnificent, magnificent, and exciting to read.
Write the last two sentences. "But you have broadened your horizons by three hundred miles", a poet's endless desire to explore, wants to see further and see where his eyesight can reach. The only way is to stand higher and "walk up a flight of stairs". "A thousand miles" and "the first floor" are imaginary numbers, which are both vertical and horizontal spaces in the poet's imagination. The words "to be poor" and "to be better" contain many hopes and longings. These two poems, which have been told through the ages, vividly imply a philosophy: only by climbing high can you see far; If you look far, you must climb high.
This poem consists of two very concise antitheses. In the first two sentences, the nouns "daytime" and "Yellow River" are relative, the colors "white" and "yellow" are relative, and the verbs "one" and "ru" are relative. The last two sentences are the same, which constitutes a formal perfection.
Stork Tower, formerly located in Yongji County, Shanxi Province, was washed away by the flood on a hill of the Yellow River. Shen Kuo's "Meng Qian Bi Tan" records: "The stork has three floors, and the middle section (mountain name) overlooks the river." It can be seen that it was not after the Song Dynasty.
Nine. Xiao Chun
meng haoran
Sleeping sickness in spring unconsciously broke the morning, and the chirping of birds disturbed my sleep.
How many flowers fall after a stormy night.
To annotate ...
1. Xiao Chun: Spring morning.
2. Dawn: Dawn.
3. Unconsciously knowing: Unconsciously knowing.
4.smell: listen.
5. Bird sniffing: I hear birds chirping.
Brief analysis
Meng Haoran (689-740) was born in Xiangyang, Xiangzhou (now Hubei). Poets in Tang Dynasty. His pastoral poems are very famous.
This poem depicts a beautiful picture of a spring morning and expresses the poet's good mood of loving and cherishing spring.
The first sentence, "I woke up easily on this morning in spring", the first word pointed out the season and wrote the sweetness of spring sleep. "Unconsciousness" is vague unconsciousness. On this warm spring night, the poet slept so soundly that the sunshine came to the window and the sweet dream woke up. This sentence reveals the poet's joy in loving spring. The second sentence "Birds are singing everywhere around me" is about the scenery in spring. Birds sing in the spring morning. "Everywhere" means everywhere. Birds are noisy in the branches, which is a vibrant scene. "Smelling birds" means "smelling birds". In order to rhyme, the word order of ancient poems has been properly adjusted. Spring came, I slept soundly, and before I knew it, it was dawn. When I woke up, I only heard birds singing everywhere. The third and fourth sentences, "Now I remember that night, the wind and rain, and I don't know how many flowers were folded." The poet recalls the drizzling spring rain last night, and then associates it with the scene that the spring flowers were beaten by the wind and rain and turned red everywhere. The poet pinned his feelings of loving and cherishing spring on the sigh of falling flowers. Cherish spring is also love spring, and joy is the keynote of the whole poem.
This poem is about spring scenery, not what you see, but what you hear and think. The poet writes his own auditory feelings, and then the reader appreciates and reproduces the artistic conception described by the poet. Smart and interesting.
Night parking on Jiande River
meng haoran
Stop the boat in a foggy small state, when new worries come to the guest's heart.
The vastness of the wilderness is deeper than trees, and the moon is very close to the moon.
To annotate ...
1. Jiande River: refers to the section of Xin 'an River that flows through Jiande County (now Zhejiang).
2. berthing: stop the ship and dock.
3. Yanzhu: refers to the small sand state shrouded in fog in the river.
Brief analysis
This poem describes the night view of the river and shows the poet's travel worries.
Starting from the sentence "when my boat is moving in the fog", "moving the boat" means moving the boat; "Parking" refers to overnight parking; "Yanzhu", a hazy small continent. This sentence points to the theme and introduces the poet's foothold in appreciating the scenery. In the second sentence, "Sunset" means dusk, and "worrying about new guests" means that the poet is in a foreign land, which only increases his sorrow. This sentence describes the poet's mood of enjoying the scenery.
The third sentence is about the prospect of the river. "How wide the world is, how close the trees are to heaven", the poet stood at the bow of the boat, looking as far as he could, and the sky in the middle and far of the wilderness was lower than the nearby Woods. The fourth sentence is a close-up of the river. "How close the moon looks in the water!" The river is clear and the moon reflected in the river seems to be closer to the poet on board. This special sight can only be enjoyed on the boat. In this very successful comparative description, the poet's subtle sadness is shown.
The first two sentences of this poem are touching scenes, and the last two sentences are lyrical. The whole poem is light and interesting.
Meng Haoran is a representative figure of landscape poetry school in Tang Dynasty. It is said that once, he went to Chang 'an to attend a literati poetry meeting. He improvised poems and wrote two good poems, "Wei Yun is a faint river, raindrops are scattered on the buttonwood" (thin clouds are lightly rubbed on the Milky Way, and sparse raindrops are dripping among the buttonwood leaves). Everyone was so impressed that they stopped writing poems.