Cell life needs matter and energy.
1. Substances in cells are divided into: organic substances: sugars, lipids, protein and nucleic acids. Molecules are relatively large and contain carbon.
Inorganic substances: water, inorganic salts, oxygen, etc. Molecules are relatively small and generally contain no carbon.
Matter is composed of molecules, and molecules are composed of atoms.
2. Generally, sour and sweet substances in cells exist in the cytosol of cell vacuoles.
3. Cell membrane controls the entry and exit of substances (selective permeation)
4. There are energy converters in cytoplasm:
Chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy stored in organic matter through photosynthesis.
Mitochondria release chemical energy stored in organic matter through the respiration of animals and plants.
▲ intracellular energy converters: chloroplasts and mitochondria
Chloroplast: Photosynthesis, which can synthesize carbon dioxide and water into organic matter and produce oxygen in plant cells.
Mitochondria: Breathing, which is the "power factory" and "engine" in animal and plant cells.
The connection between chloroplasts and mitochondria: both are energy converters in cells.
The difference between chloroplasts and mitochondria: chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy and store it in organic matter; Mitochondria decompose organic matter and release chemical energy stored in organic matter for cells to use.
▲ Animal and plant cells have mitochondria.
Seven, the nucleus is the genetic information base:
Life begins with the fertilized egg, because the fertilized egg contains all the information that guides the development of the body, which is handed down by parents and is called genetic information.
▲ The nucleus is a genetic information base, and genetic information exists in the DNA of the nucleus. DNA has a double helix structure. A DNA fragment with specific genetic effects is a gene.
There are many substances (basic dyes) dyed dark in the nucleus, which are called chromosomes. There are chromosomes in the nucleus, which are composed of DNA and protein. DNA contains genetic information.
The relationship between nucleus, chromosome, DNA and gene;
There are chromosomes in the nucleus, DNA on it, and genetic information on DNA.
Chromosomes exist in pairs in somatic cells, and the number of chromosomes in each organism's cells is certain.
Every organism has a certain number of chromosomes in its cells. (For example, all human somatic cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes)
Cells are carriers of matter, energy and information.
Eight, the reasons why plants grow up from childhood are: cell growth and cell division.
Cell growth-an increase in cell volume
Cell division-an increase in the number of cells
Cell differentiation-tissue formation
The chromosome morphology and number of the two new cells are the same, so are the chromosome morphology and number of the new cell and the original cell, and the genetic material is the same.
▲ The beginning of a new life: fertilized eggs
The process of cell division:
The core of 1 is split in two.
The cytoplasm is divided into two parts.
3 form new cell membranes (plant cells also form new cell walls)
Chromosome changes during cell division;
Copy it once first
Redistribution
Results-
1 The chromosome morphology and number of the two new cells are the same.
The chromosome morphology and number of the new cells are the same as those of the original cells.
The structure of organisms is hierarchical.
1. Basic tissues of animal body: epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, nerve tissue and connective tissue (such as the function of each tissue).
2. Basic organizations of plants: meristem, conservation organization, nutrition organization and transportation organization (illustrate the functions of each organization with examples).
Vegetative organs of plants: roots, stems and leaves; Reproductive organs: flowers, fruits and seeds.
▲ Basic structural levels of animals and people (from small to large): cells → tissues → organs → systems → animal bodies and human bodies.
The structural levels of plants (from small to large): cells → tissues → organs → plants.
Eight systems of human body: exercise system, digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system, nervous system, urinary system, reproductive system and endocrine system.
Tissue: all kinds of cells formed by cell differentiation can only function together. These cell groups composed of cells with similar morphological structure and the same function are called tissues.
Organ: Different tissues are combined together in a certain order-organ.
System: multiple organs that can perform one or several physiological functions are combined together in a certain order to form a system.
X. determine which organisms are unicellular organisms.
▲ Single-celled organisms: paramecium, yeast, Chlamydomonas, Eupolyphaga, amoeba.
Eleven, the cell is the basic unit of the structure and function of an organism. Viruses are tiny creatures with no cell structure.
1. virus consists of protein shell and internal genetic material. It can only be parasitic in living cells, and viruses can replicate themselves to make new viruses. If a virus leaves a living cell, it usually becomes a crystal.
2. Type of virus
Depending on the host: animal virus, plant virus and bacterial virus (phage)
Unit 2 Review of Biological and Cellular Knowledge Points
First, the structure of the microscope: P36 teaching material
Mirror seat: stabilize the mirror body;
Mirror column: supporting the part above the mirror column;
Mirror arm: the part holding the mirror;
Stage: a place where slide specimens are placed. There is a light hole in the center and two flat clips on both sides for fixing the observed object.
Shutter: The aperture can be adjusted.
Mirror: it can be rotated to make the light reflect upward through the light hole. Its two sides are different: the concave surface is used when the ambient light is dim.
Lens barrel: an eyepiece is installed at the upper end, a converter is installed at the lower end, and an objective lens is installed on the converter.
Quasi-focus screw: coarse quasi-focus screw: the lens barrel rises and falls greatly when rotating, which can quickly find the object image; Fine focusing screw can adjust the image clearly.
The relationship between rotation direction and lifting direction: rotate the focusing screw clockwise, and the lens barrel will descend; On the contrary, it will rise.
Second, matters needing attention
1. When observing with a microscope, why do you keep your eyes on the objective lens when lowering the lens barrel?
Avoid collision between the objective lens and the slide specimen, and prevent the slide specimen from damaging and scratching the objective lens.
2. The object seen in the eyepiece is an inverted image.
3. The magnification of microscope is the product of the magnification of eyepiece and objective lens.
4. If you want to move the object image to the center of the field of vision, you should move the specimen to the place where the object image deviates.
5. Clean the eyepiece and objective lens with mirror cleaning paper.
6. From low power mirror to high power mirror, the light becomes dim.
Third, the materials observed by microscope must be thin and transparent. Therefore, there are three commonly used slide specimens: slicing, smearing and loading.
note:
1. Why did the producer drop a drop of physiological saline instead of water in the center of the slide when temporarily loading oral epithelial cells?
Avoid cell swelling due to water absorption. Can keep the original shape of cells.
There is a stain in the field of vision of microscope. How to judge whether this stain is on the objective lens, eyepiece or slide specimen?
First, rotate the eyepiece. If the stain rotates with it, it will be on the eyepiece. If the stain does not rotate with it, move it to the slide specimen. If the dye rotates with it, it will appear on the slide specimen. If neither the rotating eyepiece nor the slide specimen rotates with it, it will be on the objective lens.
Five, the difference between animal cells and plant cells
similarities and differences
Plant cells all have cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus, and all have mitochondria. Plant cells have more cell walls, vacuoles and chloroplasts than animal cells.
Animal cell
Basic structure of plant cells
1, cell wall: support, protection
2. Cell membrane: controls the entry and exit of substances.
3. Cytoplasm: liquid and mobile.
4. Nucleus: storing and transmitting genetic information.
5. Chloroplast: the site of photosynthesis.
6. Vacuole: Cell fluid
7. Mitochondria: the place to breathe.
1, precautions in the use of microscope
(1) first observe with a low-power lens. If you can see with a low-power lens, you don't need to use a high-power lens, especially a high-power objective lens.
(2) When replacing or rotating the objective lens, you cannot rotate the objective lens by hand.
(3) Open your eyes and observe with your left eye.
(4) As long as the observation is made, the focusing screw cannot rotate clockwise, so as not to damage the objective lens and crush the slide specimen.
(5) The observed substance must be thin and transparent.
(6) The intensity of light can be adjusted by adjusting the shutter and reflector.
(7) The object image observed in the microscope is an inverted image.
(8) Pay attention to protecting the lens, and wipe the eyepiece and objective lens with mirror-wiping paper.
2. Causes and treatment of bubbles
(1) reason: because the slide was not clean or operated improperly during the production and assembly of the film.
(2) bubbles affect observation, and try to eliminate bubbles before observation. The method is that
(1) Drop a drop of water on one side of the cover glass, and blot the other side with absorbent paper, so that bubbles can flow out between the cover glass and the glass slide with water.
② Squeeze with a rubber head, and gently squeeze with a rubber head on the specimen cover glass, so that the gas inside can be squeezed out.
(3) The basis for distinguishing cells from bubbles is: bubbles often have thick black edges, irregular shapes, round and oval shapes, and usually there is a blank inside. When the cover glass is lightly pressed with tweezers, the bubbles will move or deform; On the other hand, cells have certain shapes and structures. When the cover glass is gently pressed, cells generally do not deform or move easily.
3. The tissues of human and animals are different from those of plants.
The four main tissues in human and animals are epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue and nerve tissue. Plant tissues are named according to their functions, including protection tissues, nutrition tissues, meristem tissues, transportation tissues and mechanical tissues.
4. The morphology and distribution of chloroplasts and mitochondria and their relationship with the energy needed for cell life;
Chloroplasts are flat, oval or spherical, and mainly exist in mesophyll cells and cortical cells of young stems of plants. Mitochondria are granular or rod-shaped, which are common in animal and plant cells, and many cells have strong metabolism.
Solar energy, chemical energy in organic matter, energy needed for plant cell life.
Chemical energy animal cells in organic matter (from food)
Unit 1 Key points of biological and biosphere knowledge
1. Living things are different from abiotic things.
(1) Living things need nutrition.
(2) living things can breathe
(3) Bio-energy can excrete wastes generated in the body.
(4) Organisms can respond to external stimuli.
(5) Organisms can grow and reproduce.
(6) All living things except viruses are made up of cells.
▲ Coral is not a living thing, but coral is a living thing.
▲ Biology is a science that studies life phenomena and the laws of life activities.
2. All living things live in the biosphere.
(1) Biosphere: includes the bottom of the atmosphere, most of the hydrosphere and the surface of the lithosphere.
(2) The biosphere provides basic conditions for living things: nutrients, sunlight, air, water, suitable temperature and a certain living space.
3. Biology depends on a certain environment.
The environmental factors that affect the survival of organisms are biological factors: various organisms (predation, competition, cooperation, etc. ) and abiotic factors: sunlight, temperature, water, air, etc.
The process of inquiry experiment includes: asking questions, making assumptions, making plans, implementing plans, drawing conclusions, expressing and communicating.
There is only one variable in the control experiment. When studying the influence of a condition on the research object, experiments with the same conditions except this condition are called control experiments.
For example, the experimental variable in the textbook is light.
While living things are constantly adapting to the environment, they also influence and change the environment. Biological adaptability is universal.
(1) Examples of biological adaptation to the environment P 19
(2) Biological impact on the environment:
Transpiration of plants regulates air humidity,
The dead leaves and branches of plants can adjust soil fertility after rotting,
Animal manure improves soil and earthworms loosen soil.
4. In a certain area, the unity of biology and environment is an ecosystem.
Composition of ecosystem:
(1) Biological parts: producers, consumers and decomposers.
(2) Abiotic parts: sunlight, water, air and temperature.
5. In the ecosystem, substances and energy flow along the food chain and food web, and toxic substances can accumulate along the food chain.
Food chain: the relationship between producers and consumers in an ecosystem, mainly the relationship between eating and being eaten, thus forming a food chain.
The food chain starts from the producer, without the participation of decomposition.
Food web: In an ecosystem, there are often many food chains, which are intertwined to form a food web.
Ecological balance: the number and proportion of various organisms in the ecosystem are always relatively stable. However, this automatic adjustment ability has a certain limit, beyond which it will be destroyed.
6. There are various ecosystems in the biosphere. The biosphere is the largest ecosystem on earth.
Among them, forest ecosystem is called green reservoir, wetland ecosystem has the functions of purifying water source, storing flood and resisting drought, and farmland ecosystem is artificial ecosystem.
▲ Material and energy flow along the food chain and food web. The higher the trophic level, the less the biomass; The higher the trophic level, the more toxic substances accumulated in the food chain.
Language:
Second, the choice of word interpretation (emphasizing contextual meaning)
1, I often lie in front of the window and daydream: I am always fascinated by the world outside the mountain to the point of obsession.
2. Moisten my dry heart again and again: describe my desire for ideals.
3, rough: describe people thin. 4, secret: hidden, not exposed.
5. Surprise: Surprise. 6, dizziness: (eyes) dizziness
7, nap: rest. 8. Sobbing: Sobbing and crying.
9. awe: describe a very respectful look. 10, Caution: Caution and seriousness.
1 1, like a smile that can't help laughing. 12, the sky shakes: lift; Shake it.
13, out of sight: approaching and contacting. 14, red light and green wine: describe the bustling nightlife.
15, our existence is just a sad embellishment: set it off or decorate it to make the original thing better.
16, everything is specific and subtle: the whole body is in place, but it is relatively small.
17, the ups and downs of the moon have their own merits: graceful posture. 18, waist and back: nostalgia.
19, benefiting a lot: no, 20th, leisure: leisure and comfort. 2 1, extinction: loss.
22, ... are brewing in slightly humid air: here refers to the various smells in the air, like fermentation, getting stronger and stronger. 23, show off: show off 24, turn around (tactfully): describe the voice is round and gentle.
25. Habitat: Stay and rest (mostly birds). 26. Foil: Foil.
27. Landing: The article refers to the birth of a daughter.
28. The lightest and tallest cloud is called cirrus: describe cirrus as light and elegant as a woman's movements and gestures.
29. A new milestone has been set for the aerospace industry: metaphor is an important event that can be used as a symbol in the historical development process.
30, at the end of the sparkling fish pond. The water here is described as clear and clean. 3 1, sunny: the sky is clear and cloudless.
32. I was there secretly laughing: secretly laughing. 33, beautifully dressed: a metaphor for beauty. Kiss-up: Shake with the wind.
34. This is really funny: the following is ridiculous. 35. Chorus: refers to singing this and that, echoing each other.
36 ..... became a mortal: this refers to people in the world. 37. Habitat: Stay and rest (mostly birds)
38. I decided to do my son a favor because I have been with him for a long time. This means that my son feels wronged.
39. Signs: impending signs. 40, dumb: dry voice or unclear pronunciation.
4 1, Quiet: Quiet. 42. Endure: Endure. 43. Sneak: Sneak.
44. Rudder: the appearance of vegetation.
Five, the basis of classical Chinese
(A) the interpretation of classical Chinese words
Tong Qu: When I was a child, I could stare at the sun, observe subtle things (metaphors), and look at (its) texture carefully when I saw small things, so I had fun outside things.
In summer, mosquitoes turn into thunder, and privately (secretly) plan to let a group of cranes dance in the air (in the air). The direction of the heart (auxiliary word, meaningless) is (sometimes) one thousand or one hundred, and sure enough, the cranes also (judge); Hold your head (head) (of mosquitoes) high, and the goods are firm (stiff). Mosquitoes stay in the vegetarian tent, and Xu (slowly) sprays (uses) smoke, making it (on behalf of mosquitoes) smoke and fly (on the surface), making it look like a white crane in the cloud, and the fruit floats like a crane in the cloud, which is (referring to this phenomenon) pleasing (like ...).
I (I) often crouch on my (own) body in the concave and convex parts of the earth wall and the grass of the flower bed to keep up with the stage; Look carefully (observe, see), think of bushes as forests, insects and ants as beasts, convex soil and gravel as hills, sunken valleys as valleys, and wander around them with pride (for example ………).
One day, when I saw two insects fighting in the grass, I noticed that they were thriving. Suddenly, a huge monster appeared. It pulled out the mountain and fell down the tree (on the surface), covered a frog, stuck out its tongue (on the surface) and two insects were swallowed. I (I) was young and Fang (Zheng) was lost in thought, so I was surprised. God decided to catch the frog, whip it dozens of times and drive it out of the hospital.
Ten points in The Analects of Confucius: Confucius said: "Learning (showing the following) means learning (reviewing, reviewing) (referring to what you have learned), but it is also (speaking) (enjoying) (is it)? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Ignorance without chagrin (anger, anger) is not a gentleman (a man of moral cultivation)?
Ceng Zi said: "I (I) rescue three times a day (many times a day): Are you unfaithful to others? Don't believe in making friends (sincerity, honesty)? Don't you learn (review) the knowledge taught by the teacher? "
Confucius said: "Reviewing the past and learning new things (gaining new knowledge and experience) can make you a (teacher)."
Confucius said: "Learning without thinking is useless (confusing and useless), and thinking without learning is dangerous (harmful)."
Confucius said, "You, teach (teach) women (through" you ",you) know it!" Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, but knowing (through "wisdom", wisdom and wisdom). "
Confucius said, "See the sage Si Qi (on an equal footing with others), but introspect when you see the sage."
Confucius said, "In a threesome, there must be a teacher. Choose good and follow it, but change it if it is not good. "
Ceng Zi said: "To be resolute, a scholar has a long way to go. Is it (also) not important that benevolence takes (doing) as its own responsibility? Isn't it far after death? "
Confucius said, "When you are cold, you know that pine and cypress are withered (withered)."
Zi Gong asked, "Who can walk for life without saying a word?"
Confucius said, "It is (probably) forgiving! Don't do to others what you don't want. "
Mountain City: Mountain City is one of the eight scenic spots in the city, but it has been (often) different for several years. Yu Nian, the grandson, was drinking with his companions upstairs when he suddenly saw an isolated tower towering into the sky (blue sky, sky) on the top of the mountain. He looked at each other in amazement (looking back), but there was no such monastery in his mind. Anyway (soon, soon), I saw dozens of palaces and blue tile cornices, and I realized (understood) that this was a mountain city. A few days later (soon, soon), the high wall was six or seven miles high, and even the battlements (outer cities) were gone. There are buildings (images), halls (halls) and squares (squares), which are vivid (clear) and hundreds of millions (uses). Suddenly the wind blows, and the dust is boundless (such as ……), and the city is only vaguely (just). Immediately (soon, after a while), the wind cleared up, and everything in Ukraine (nothing, nothing) existed, except (only) a dangerous building, which directly (always connected) to Xiaohan (Xiao Yun and Tianhe). There are five buildings, and the windows (windows) are all (all) wide open (wide open); There are five points inside the line, and they are also outside the building. Layer-by-layer index (pointing to numbers), the higher the building, the less bright it is. Count (to) the eighth floor and cut (just) like (like) stars. Above it, it is dim (vaguely, as if nothing had happened), and it is impossible to calculate its level. People upstairs are in a hurry, or (some) are standing or standing, which is different. With the passage of time (after a while), the building is getting lower and lower, revealing its (its) top; Gradually return to normal buildings; Gradually fell in love with tall houses; Suddenly (suddenly) as a fist as (as) a bean, and then (as) invisible. I also heard that there were early walkers who saw crowded markets and shops on the mountain, which was unique in the world, so it was also called "ghost market" cloud.
Chen Taiqiu and Friendship Period: Chen Taiqiu went to the friendship period (agreed), and the middle period (noon) did not arrive, and Taiqiu went (go, go). After (only) going. When Fiona Fang was seven years old, he was playing games outside the door. The guest asked Fiona Fang, "Is Zunjun there?" Answer: "I haven't been there for a long time, but I have (left, left)." The friend was angry: "Not (not) a person!" ! I will go with people, I will (abandon) and (follow the table). "Fiona Fang said," you and your family will be in Japan. Without Japan and China, there is no faith (no credit); It is impolite to scold your father. "Friends are ashamed (ashamed), get off and lead (pull, lead) (on behalf of Fiona Fang). Anyway, Fiona Fang started (looking back).
Naoko Suspicion of Neighbors: In the Song Dynasty, there were rich people who broke the wall in the rain. His son said, "If you don't build it, there will be thieves." His neighbor's father (the old man) said the same thing. Evening (evening) fruit (fruit, fruit, fruit, fruit, fruit, fruit, fruit, fruit, fruit, fruit, fruit, fruit, fruit, fruit, fruit, fruit, fruit, fruit, fruit, Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo Guo
"A poor man loses his horse": He who is near the fort is good at skills (……), and the horse dies (escapes) into the lake for no reason (no reason). Everyone (everyone) hanged him (he meant a dead horse), and his (his) father said, "How is this (this) not (just) a blessing?" After a few months of life, his horse will (lead) Hu and (meet) return. Everyone congratulated him, and his father said, "Why is this a disaster?" The family is rich and well-off. My son likes riding horses, but he fell and broke his moustache. Everyone hung up, and his father said, "Why isn't this a blessing?" After living for a year, Hu Daren entered the cottage, and Ding Zhuangren led the battle. 19 people (nine out of ten) died near the traffic jam. This alone is untenable (reason, reason), and father and son protect each other (preservation).
Seven, commonly used interpretation methods are: examples, graphics, metaphor, comparison, classification, definition, etc.
X. Classical Chinese reference translation:
1, "childlike interest": I recall that when I was a child, I could look straight at the sun with my eyes wide open and my eyesight was excellent. Every time I meet something small, I have to observe its texture carefully, so I often feel the pleasure of being detached from the thing itself.
On summer nights, mosquitoes make thunderous calls. I compare them to cranes flying in the air. When I think about it, there are really hundreds of white cranes ahead. Looking up at them, even the neck became stiff. I left a few mosquitoes in the white curtain, slowly spraying smoke, making them fly and screaming at the smoke, forming a picture of a white crane in Qingyun, which really made me feel very happy.
I often squat down where the earth wall is uneven and where there are flowers and plants, so that my body is as high as the table. I regard bushes as trees, insects and mosquitoes as beasts, the protruding parts of clods as hills, and the sunken parts as gullies. I am happy and satisfied with my imaginary journey in this realm.
One day, I saw two bugs fighting in the grass. I squatted down to observe. I am very interested. Suddenly, a huge beast came from the mountain and fell from the tree. It turned out to be a frog. When its tongue spit out, it ate both bugs. At that time, I was still very young, so fascinated that I couldn't help but exclaim. When he came to his senses, he caught the frog, whipped it dozens of times and drove it to other yards.
2. The Analects of Confucius X:
Confucius said, "isn't it a pleasure to learn (knowledge) and then practice (review) at a certain time?" Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Others don't know me, but I don't dislike it. Aren't you also a gentleman? "
Ceng Zi said: "I will reflect on myself many times every day: Have I tried my best to work for others? Is it honest to associate with friends? Have you reviewed what the teacher taught you? "
Confucius said, "Only by reviewing the old knowledge can we have new experiences and discoveries, so we can be teachers."
Confucius said, "Reading without thinking is useless, and reading without learning; It's dangerous to dream without reading. "
Confucius said, "I will teach you the attitude of knowing and not knowing: knowing is knowing, and not knowing is not knowing-this is wisdom."
Confucius said: "When you see a wise man, you should think of looking up to him. When you see an immoral man, you should reflect on whether you have similar problems with him."
Confucius said, "When several people walk together, there must be a teacher. I will choose their advantages to learn and I will correct their shortcomings. "
Ceng Zi said: "A scholar must be broad-minded and determined, because he has a great mission and a long way to go. Isn't it important to realize the ideal of' benevolence' as your mission? Until death, isn't it far? "
Confucius said, "Only in the cold winter do we know that pine and cypress trees are the last to lose their leaves."
Zi Gong asked, "Is there a word that can be pursued for a lifetime?" Confucius said: "That is probably forgiveness (Tao)!" ! Don't impose what you hate on others. "
3. "Mountain City": The "Mountain City" around the mountain is one of the eight scenic spots in Zichuan County, but it often does not appear once every few years. One day, Sun and his friends were drinking upstairs. Suddenly, he saw a lonely pagoda on the top of the mountain, towering into the sky. Look at me, I look at you, surprised and confused, thinking that there is no Buddhist temple near here. Not long after, I saw dozens of palaces with high roofs with blue tiles, only to know that they were originally "mountain cities". Not long after, the high city wall (appeared again) and the short concave-convex wall (at the top) stretched for six or seven miles, which turned out to be a city. There are pavilions, halls and neighborhoods in the city, which are clearly presented in front of us, countless. Suddenly there was a strong wind and thick smoke, and the whole city became blurred. After a while, the wind stopped and the sky was mysterious. All the previous scenes have disappeared. There is only one tall building, which is connected with the sky. There are five rooms on each floor, and the windows are all open. There are five bright places, the sky outside the building. Point to the number layer by layer, the higher the room, the smaller the bright spot; Counting to the eighth floor, the bright spot is only as small as a star; Further up, it becomes dim, as if there is nothing, and its level cannot be seen clearly. People come and go upstairs, each doing his own thing, some leaning against (the railing) and some standing with different postures. After a while, the building became lower and the roof could be seen. Gradually, it becomes the same as ordinary buildings; Gradually, it became a high bungalow; Suddenly, it shrunk to the size of a fist, to the size of a bean, and finally disappeared completely.
I also heard that some people who get up early and are in a hurry see houses, markets and shops on the mountain, which is no different from the situation on earth, so people call it "ghost market".
4. Shi Shuo Xin Yu II:
Yong Xue: On a cold snowy night, Dr. Xie gathered his family together to talk about poems and papers with his son and nephew. Suddenly, it snowed heavily, and the teacher said happily, "What is this heavy snow like?" Hu Er, his brother's eldest son, said, "It's almost like sprinkling salt in the air." His brother's daughter said, "Blowing catkins all over the sky is better than style." A teacher smiled happily. Dao Yun is the daughter of Xie Wuyi, the eldest brother of a teacher and the wife of General Zuo Wang Ningzhi.
Chen Taiqiu and Friendship Period: Chen Taiqiu made an appointment with friends to go out and meet at noon. It's past noon, Taiqiu left without waiting. Only after Qiu left did the talents come. Chen Yuanfang, the eldest son of Qiu, was playing outside the door when he was seven years old. The man asked Fiona Fang, "Is your father at home?" Fiona Fang replied, "If you haven't come for a long time, he has already left." The man lost his temper and scolded, "What a shame! I asked someone else to go with me, but I left without them. " Fiona Fang said, "You have an appointment with my father to start together at noon. If it is not noon, it is not trustworthy. " It is impolite to scold your father for your son. The man felt ashamed. He got out of the car and tried to shake hands with Fiona Fang, but he walked into his car door without looking back.
5. Two fables:
1. Naoko suspects neighbors.
There was a rich man in the state of Song. The wall collapsed because of the heavy rain. His son said, "If we don't build it quickly, thieves will come in." The old man next door said the same thing. (But rich people don't listen. Sure enough, I lost a lot of property that night. The family admired their son's cleverness, but suspected that the theft was done by the old man next door.
2. a blessing in disguise
Among the people near the Great Wall, there is a man who is proficient in mathematics. One day, his horse somehow escaped to the Hu people, and people came to comfort him, but he said, "Isn't this a blessing?" A few months later, his horse came back with a group of good horses of the conference semifinals. People went to congratulate him, but he said, "Isn't this a disaster?" There are many good horses at home. His son likes riding and playing. He fell off his horse and broke his thigh. People came to comfort him, but he said, "Isn't this a blessing?" After a year, the conference semifinals attacked on a large scale and entered the Great Wall. The mature man took up arms and fought. Most people near the Great Wall died in battle. Because his son was lame (not recruited to fight), the father and son were able to save their lives.