Ascending the Mountain was written by Du Fu at the Double Ninth Festival in Dali, Tang Daizong, when he lived in Kuizhou. The whole poem overlooks the scenery of the autumn river. The poet organically combines his own feelings of life experience, thoughts of worrying about the country, heavy sadness about autumn and bleak autumn colors, and pours out the poet's complex feelings of wandering, old illness and loneliness, which makes the whole poem present a painful and simple melancholy beauty everywhere. The whole poem is impassioned and touching.
Hu Yinglin, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty, praised this poem as "the 17th rhyme in ancient and modern times". Du Fu's original poem "Ascending the Mountain" is as follows:
The wind is fast and high, the ape cries sadly, and the birds are circling in the white sand.
The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.
Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness.
After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged.
The first couplet describes the scenery, to the effect that there are birds hovering on the river with clear water and white sand, which is very sad. These two sentences come straight to the point and render a sad atmosphere.
These two sentences are also masterpieces of layout. Poets are ingenious, and poems are naturally paired, not only the upper and lower sentences are right, but also the sentences are self-correcting. For example, the above sentence, the sky is against the wind, high and urgent; The sand in the next sentence is opposite to Zhu, and the white is opposite to green, which is full of rhythm and sense of rhythm.
After the artistic refinement of the poet, fourteen words are accurate and worthy of the name. The skill of choosing words and making sentences has reached an ingenious level: a word "urgent" and a word "sad" have a sense of substitution, which can make people's feelings enter the sad situation created by the poet for the first time.
Focusing on the specific environment of Kuizhou, the poet used the word "Fengchong" to drive the All-China Federation, and from the beginning, he wrote a quatrain that was sung through the ages. Kuizhou is famous for its abundance of apes, and the canyon is famous for its windy weather. The autumn is crisp, the poet climbs high, and the ape sounds are constantly coming from the gorge. The hollow valley is ringing, and the ape's voice has changed from sad to sad for a long time, which sounds moving.
The poet breathed out his sadness with the help of the cry of an ape. The cry of the ape and the poet's sadness about life permeate each other, which can be said to be more and more sad with the sad scenery. Nevertheless, the depressed sadness in the poet's heart is still difficult to eliminate.
Therefore, the poet pinned his depressed mood, which was full of chest and nowhere to be sent away, on the image of a bird. The sentence "Birds fly over the clear lake and the white sand beach to their homes" depicts a cold and pale picture. Birds fly and hover on the desolate and uninhabited sandbar. Judging from the structure of the whole painting, this is a close-up audio-visual experience of the poet, and it is also a landscape painting with a relatively narrow vision.
What is the sadness in the poet's heart? It turns out that when writing this poem, Du Fu lived in Kuizhou. He has been away from his hometown for many years, and the impulse to return to his hometown is particularly strong at this moment. Because of the topography of Kuizhou, he can only take the Yangtze River waterway. At that time, the season was already Chongyang, and the Yangtze River entered a dry season. There are wooden stakes in Qutangxia, Kuizhou, which makes it difficult for ships to pass during the dry season.
To go back, we can only wait for the rainy season next summer. It's been nearly a year, so the poet is in a hurry. I can't help feeling sad at the thought of hopeless return. In this double ninth festival, the poet, in desperation, chose to climb to express his feelings.
Climbing high and looking far can make people realize the smallness of individuals and the shortness of life under the reference of the universe. On the high platform, they often show roughly the same psychological state of life: loneliness, loneliness, anxiety and sadness. The finiteness of individual life, the urgency of time and tide wait for no man, and all kinds of bumps on the road of life are intertwined, which constitutes a huge emotional gap and all kinds of tragic emotional experiences when the poet ascends, so the poet sighs and even tears.
Since Zhuan Xu took over the previous sentence, the poet's sadness has been spreading. The rustling of trees suggests that the fallen leaves return to their roots, while the poet is trapped in Kuizhou, hesitant and hopeless to go home. This writing not only sets off the poet's inner sadness, but also complements the sadness in the opening sentence.
These two couplets show the typical characteristics of Kuizhou in autumn. The poet looked up at the endless rustling leaves and looked down at the endless rolling river. While writing about the scenery, he expressed his feelings affectionately.
The poet puts pen to paper from the big picture, without making partial descriptions, which makes the picture grand, the weather open and the poetry more vivid. It not only reminds people of the sight of scattered vegetation and the surging Yangtze River, but also invisibly conveys the sadness that time has passed and the poet's ambition is hard to pay.
Necklace not only points out the natural seasons, but also points out the order of life. Moreover, it is pointed out that the way to express feelings is to climb to mourn. Because poets don't feel warm in the real world, most of their lives are Wan Li leaving home, living in different places and wandering around. What's more, now they are over 100 years old, full of diseases, and their homesickness is getting worse.
The desolation and sadness of autumn are all revealed in the poet's field of vision, even in the space where the poet thinks far away. The poet melts his emotional experience and life experience into his sad poems, so the magnificent autumn scenery described in the first two couplets is the externalization of the poet's deep sadness.
Sad autumn is a common image of ancient poets, but it doesn't have to be described as sadness. But in the poet's eyes, his eyes are full of autumn scenery, which reminds him of his exile, old age and illness, thus giving birth to infinite sadness. The poet summed up the feeling that a long-time guest is most likely to be sad in autumn and love to go on stage alone, which makes people deeply feel the emotional pulse of the poet.
The poet's travel worries and loneliness, like fallen leaves and rivers, are inexhaustible and can't be driven away. Love and scenery are integrated. At this point, the poem has given the general meaning of homesickness, increased the content of long-term loneliness, increased people's feelings of sadness and illness in autumn, and increased the sighs of people who have left their homes in Wan Li and are in their twilight years, which is more poetic.
Lonely poets took the stage on the Double Ninth Festival to relieve the homesickness in the festival, but the scenery they saw from a distance failed to soothe the poet's painful heart. On the contrary, the sad and bleak autumn scenery and the ape sound pushed the poet's sorrow to the extreme, which is the so-called eternal sorrow.
This couplet is a concentrated portrayal of the poet's bumpy fate and wandering life. Du Fu began to write from two aspects: space and time, and combined the wandering troubles with the feeling of being ill in his twilight years and going on stage alone into a vast and far-reaching dialogue, which can be described as a blend of scenes.
At the end of the couplet, "Bad luck has laid a bitter frost on my temples, and heartache and fatigue are a thick layer of dust in my wine" shows the poet's later years. The hardships of the poet's life are concentrated on the words "bitterness, difficulty, bitterness and hatred". These four words are ups and downs, and one word at a time reveals the poet's depressed mood, and its bitterness is beyond words.
The poet came to power alone, drinking muddy wine alone, and having no friends or relatives. In this case, the poet slowly lifted the cup to ease his sadness. His physical discomfort, depressed mood and difficult situation made it difficult for Du Fu, who had been able to drown his sorrows by drinking, to swallow. The word "new" highlights the pain of the poet coming to power.
The poem Ascending the Mountain is written around the sadness of wanting to go home, with vivid image, ingenious conception and profound emotion. It not only embodies the atmosphere of Tang poetry, but also creatively brings the guest's worries to the extreme, which is a symbol of Du Fu's high artistic level.
The whole poem begins with the magnificent and sad autumn scenery, and finally comes down to the image of a poet in his twilight years. Autumn scenery's sadness echoes the sadness of life, and the poet becomes weaker and more helpless. Without "sadness", it is hard to say his misery.
Going up the mountain is not only sentimental, but also old and weak, lonely and lonely. As a poet's survival belief, his life-long ideal of "being a gentleman, being a gentleman, and then making the customs pure" was also shattered. Sick poets have been unable to speak for their ideals, leaving only the sadness of struggling on the edge of survival. Three years after writing this poem, a generation of poet Du Fu died with endless regrets in the endless desolation of "suffering for a hundred years and having no bosom friend".