? Four tones and eight diseases? The origin of "Shuo" is the ancient Han literati. After a long period of poetic practice, they discovered the beauty of phonology and melody in Chinese. Four tones? Eight diseases? For example, it should be theorized and regularized and actively used in poetry creation. The founder of Yongming Style believes that although previous poets have noticed the rhythmic beauty of literary works, they still more or less blindly demand the fluency of phonology, rather than consciously and artificially using the rules of phonology to create. But in the following year, social and political stability and economic prosperity provided a guarantee for literati writers to study the rhythm and law of poetry creation. Compared with the previous generation, Yongming poets' pursuit of the beauty of poetic language and sound has reached a new height.
First, the Han nationality. Language has the beauty of phonology since ancient times.
It is an objective fact that the Chinese language is beautiful in sound, rhyme and tune. "History? Yao Dian record:? Poetry expresses ambition, lyrics, sound depends on singing, law and harmony. ? It can be seen that Chinese had the concept of temperament as early as ancient times. Preface to Poetry says:? Love comes from sound, and sound is written into sound. ? Kong Dui said: Emotion exists in the voice of words. Although it was sad and happy at that time, it was not the tone of the palace merchants, but the voice. As for poetry, the order is clear and the rhythm is high, which makes the five tones happy, like five colors. A person's body can do this, and the sound written according to it is for the sound. ? From this, we can find that although the ancients did not have the concept of four tones when writing poems, they integrated the concepts of five tones in the palace and Shang angle, and pursued the beauty of clear, turbid and rhythmic, rather than silence, rhyme, tune and rhythm. According to the research of some scholars in Qing Dynasty and modern times, the poems in "Poems 300" pause regularly, forming a rhythm. Words with foot rhyme not only have the same vowels or similar vowels, but also have the same tone. This shows that in the era of The Book of Songs, people have a keen sense of tone.
Second, people in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties paid attention to the beauty of poetic rhythm.
Poetry was originally a combination of music, and then gradually separated from music, just for reading. The beauty of the voice when reading poetry was highly valued by people in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. Four tones? Before the discovery, nature's pursuit of the beauty of poetry recitation will gradually evolve into an artificial and regular pursuit. There are many examples of people pursuing poetic temperament during the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. Biography of Cathay Pacific? (Thai) talkative, bel canto. ? Reflection? Wei Zhi? Cui yanchuan? (Yan) Gao Chang. ? "Southern history? Biography of Zhou She? (She) is good at reciting, reciting satirical quotations and distinguishing phonology. ? During this period, Lu Ji of the Jin Dynasty and Ye Fan of the Southern Song Dynasty put forward the requirement that literary works should have a harmonious sound change, which had a great influence, but it only stayed at the natural level without artificial rigidity. Lu Ji said in Wen Fu:
Things are also colorful, and the body is also moving repeatedly. His understanding is also brilliant and his words are expensive. The iteration of sound and sound is like a five-color declaration.
Liu Xie in Wen Xin Diao Long? According to the melody review, it is not easy to know Chu in Wen Fu, which can be said to be not only the title sound, but also the sound of the yellow bell. ? In The Book of Prison and The Book of My Nephew, Ye Fan realized the difference between court businessmen with China tones, and it is impossible to speak only with rhyme and no tone. The ancients didn't seem to fully understand this principle. Its cloud:
Gender palace quotient, clear and turbid, conforms to nature. Throughout the ancient and modern literati, this place is incomplete. Even if there is a chance, it doesn't have to come from the roots. Everything is empirical, not empty talk.
All this shows that in? Four tones? Before it was discovered, people had noticed that the harmonious musical beauty of the language of literary works should be formed by using the cadence of rhyme and rhythm.
Discovery of three or four tones? The eternal body? Four tones and eight diseases? Formal formation of theory
Finding four tones and applying them to poetry creation has become an artificially prescribed melody. What is this? Yongming new body? The key to formation. Four tones were originally an objective phenomenon in Chinese at that time, but most people could not distinguish them. It is said that Liang Wudi Xiao Yan doesn't know four tones. He once asked Zhu Yi: What do you mean by four tones? Zhu:? Long live the son of heaven, that is, four tones? Xiao Yan said? Why didn't Tian Zi get four marks in the hand test? ? The earliest discovery of the four tones should be Zhou Qing's Southern Qi Shu in the Southern Dynasties? Zhou Zhuan recorded him? Choose your words carefully and the words are not bad. Zhu Xi, a palace merchant, made sentences. ? His works include "Four Tones Cut Rhyme". Secondly, Shen Yue, the author of Four Tones Spectrum, said? Previous poets have been tired for thousands of years and don't understand this secret. ? But Zhou Qing and others are not as good as Shen Yue in their works, so they are mentioned by later generations? The eternal body? Four tones and eight diseases? First of all, Shen Yue. In Song Shu? In the biography of Xie Lingyun, Shen Yue has a very important exposition on the theory of temperament, emphasizing that the beauty of sound can only be formed if it is flat and different, and the height is different:
If my husband has the heart, he will say the old seaweed, and work hard, if any. The five colors of husband are interlinked, and the eight tones are fluent, depending on the Xuan, Huang and Lu. If you want to make Gong Yu disguised, you must lower the front and higher the back. There is a floating sound in front, and you must cut it at the back. In a short period of time, the phonology is different; In two sentences, the weight is different. Wonderful to this end, only words can say it. As for the system of our ancestors, it is a satire on the high calendar reward. ? Those who know the world, get it, know that this statement is not empty. If not, please stay with Lai Zhe.
According to "South Seven Books"? The biography of Lv Zhi quoted Shen Shangshu as saying:
I haven't seen this secret since Ling Jun. Still dark and rational, bandits from thought to. Zhang, Cai, Cao, Wang, Pan, Lu, Yan and Xie Yuan. ? Great desire? Palace-Shang phase change, high-spirited, if there is a floating sound in front, there must be a cut, in short, the rhyme is different, and the two sentences are different in weight.
It can be seen that Shen Yue thinks that poetry can be arranged according to certain rules according to the combination changes of words and tones, so as to achieve sonorous, harmonious and pleasing effects.
Finally, under the practice of ancient literati's long-term pursuit of Sion's beauty, under the strong atmosphere of studying the beauty of language rhythm, driven by the development of phonology, accompanied by? Up and down? The discovery of four tones strictly emphasizes the rhythm of poetry? Yongming new body? Eventually produced. According to "South Seven Books"? Lu Jue's biography records:
, Chen, Tiao and Lang Xie push the hub with qi, and Runan Zhou articles are good at understanding phonology. The left and right chapters are all written by palace merchants, and the plane is rhymed with four tones, including flat head, upper tail, bee waist and crane knee. Among the five characters, the phonology is different, and within two sentences, the horn number is different and cannot be increased or decreased. What is the world calling for? The eternal body? .
Who is the main representative writer of Yongming Style? Jingling Eight Friends? . Liang Shu? Biography of Emperor Wu? King Jingling opened the Xifu to recruit literature, and Gao Zu () walked with Xie Tiao, Fan Yun, Lu Shu, named? Eight friends. ? Zhong Rong said in Preface to Poetry:? Wang Yuan is the leader, and Xie Tiao and Shen Yue are the pioneers. ? Therefore, scholars respect the scenery, work hard, accumulate fine, and specialize in tombs. Therefore, it makes words more taboo and hurts its beauty. ? In addition to the strict rules of rhythm, the poems in Yongming style are greatly shortened in length, and the sentence patterns are gradually stereotyped, with five-character four sentences and five-character eight sentences as the main ones, which are very close to the characteristics of modern poems in the future. The ancient poems in Yongming style have reached a new height in the pursuit of artificial rhythmic beauty, laying the foundation for the emergence of modern rhythmic poems in later generations.
Conclusion:
During the Yongming period of the Southern Qi Dynasty, the society was relatively stable and the economy was relatively prosperous. On the basis of the natural pursuit of the beauty of phonology by predecessors, the literati in the Han Dynasty, represented by the thought, seized the historical opportunity and seemed to have some understanding of melody and further pursued it artificially. ? The eternal body? It is the result of the long-term practice and experience of Han literati, the understanding and active pursuit of the beauty of Chinese pronunciation, and it is defined by standards. Since ancient times, Chinese has had the beauty of phonology. Since the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, people have generally pursued the beauty of poetic rhyme. The development of phonology laid the foundation for the proposition of eight diseases. Four tones? This discovery, finally formed? The eternal body? And then what? Four tones and eight diseases? Go ahead.