You Mao
You Mao (AD 1127 ~ 122) was born in Wuxi, a poet and minister in the Southern Song Dynasty. In 1148 AD (Wuchen, 18th year of Shaoxing in Southern Song Dynasty), he was promoted to Jinshi. It was originally Taixing Order. Filial piety dynasty, for a large number of honest, tired to move to Taichang Shaoqing, the right to fill the assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites and study national history, and once the right to write a book and be a straight bachelor. Guangzong dynasty served Huan Zhangge as a servant, giving things to others, and later granted Li Shangshu as a servant. Posthumous title's "Wen Jian" after his death. In 1127 (the second year of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty), he was born in a scholarly family in Wuxi on February 14th. You Mao was influenced by family studies since childhood. At the age of 5, he was able to write poems. At the age of 1, he was known as a child prodigy. At the age of 15, he was famous for his ci poems in Piling County (now Changzhou, Wuxi belonged to Piling).
You Mao was appointed as Taixing county magistrate in 1148 (the 18th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty). At that time, the mountains and rivers in the Song Dynasty were broken and partial to the south of the Yangtze River. Taixing is located in the border region of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the nomads often invade it. "The old outer city of the county is repeatedly crippled by the bandits." After You Mao took office, he pleaded for the people to get rid of exorbitant taxes and malpractice; While leading the army and civilians to renovate the city wall. In October of Xinsi (AD 1161), the thirty-first year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, the nomads invaded the south on a large scale, and Yangzhou, Zhenzhou (now Yizheng) and other cities were all captured, only "Taixing won the whole city with the city". After the nomads from the northern and southern Huaihe River ravaged the region, Huainan people were killed and wounded, and were displaced. In his poem Huai Folk Songs, You Mao described the tragic situation of Huainan people at that time: "To be displaced again, to endure freezing and hunger again;" Who said that the world is wide and there is nothing to rely on? After the funeral in Huainan, the nest was not long, and the dead accumulated like hemp. How many mouths can the living take? The barren tree is setting in the west, and if you don't give it a touch, what will you worry about? " The whole poem is 6 sentences long, and through the tone of a displaced Huai people, the tragic scene of Huainan people in dire straits is displayed in front of people, and every word of Yu shakes people's hearts.
You Mao had political achievements in Taixing, and later he was transferred to Beijing, where he served as secretary Cheng, editor of the National History Institute and reviewer of the Record Institute, and was promoted to be a writer and a prince. In February of the lunar calendar in 1172 (Renchen, the eighth year of the Southern Song Dynasty), You Mao was expelled from the capital in the winter of the following year and was appointed as the magistrate of Taizhou (now Linhai, Zhejiang) because he participated in some ministers' opposition to Xiaozong's appointment of Zhang Yue, our time ambassador of Anqing Army. During his stay in Taizhou, You Mao reduced or exempted the taxes of more than 1, landless poor families, and continued to thicken and heighten the wall built by his predecessor, Zhizhou. Later, when there was a flood in Taizhou, the city was not flooded because of the high and thick walls.
When You Mao made political achievements in Taizhou, some treacherous people spread rumors and slandered him, which aroused Song Xiaozong's suspicion, and sent a secret investigation to You Mao. What the emissary heard in Taizhou was people's praise for You Mao. He returned to Beijing and truthfully made a return, and copied four poems of East Lake written by You Mao in Taizhou and presented them to Xiaozong. Among them, two songs: "Yao Lin has been boundless for three days, and he has been dry for three days before it is clear." It has never been said that it is difficult to do it in the day, and it is particularly difficult to get to Taizhou in the day. All diseases and scars cost a lot of touching, but the official confession is still clumsy. Self-pity martingale has won more than double the frost. " Song Xiaozong admired You Mao's diligence in political affairs and his concern for the country and the people. Soon he was promoted to promote Changping in Huaidong (now Huaiyang area), and then transferred to Jiangdong (now Nanjing and Guangde area) to promote Changping.
You Mao's tenure in Jiangdong coincided with a severe drought. He led the people to fight against disasters and tried to help the victims. Later, he was promoted to Jiangxi transshipment ambassador and Longxing (now Nanchang, Jiangxi) magistrate. In 1182 AD (the ninth year of Chunxi in the Southern Song Dynasty), You Mao was called to the DPRK, where he was taught by the official department Langguan and the Prince, and later he was promoted to the position of a Tang Dynasty official and a Zuo Yu De. At the court, he spoke frankly and dared to remonstrate. In 1183 A.D. (the 1th year of Chunxi in the Southern Song Dynasty), there was a great summer drought, and You Mao wrote to the emperor, exposing the political darkness at that time mercilessly. The book said: "Urging families is urgent and farmers complain; The customs levy is harsh and the business travel complains; The scholar-officials have the resentment of dereliction of duty; To cut, and foot soldiers have insufficient complaints; Those who refuse to pay tribute to the times and have been in prison for a long time complain; You are not stretched out, but those who are tired complain; Rape and murder, Dortmund's loan life, make the dead complain; If there is a company that buys it, it is not the price, and the seller complains. " He asked Song Xiaozong to get rid of malpractice in order to settle the people's grievances.
in October of the lunar calendar in 1187 (the 14th year of Chunxi in the Southern Song Dynasty), You Mao was appointed as Taichang Shaoqing. He put forward many correct opinions on the imperial etiquette system and the use of talents, which was highly praised by Song Xiaozong. He was appointed as an assistant minister in the official etiquette department and an assistant to fellow initiates, and later he was appointed as a calligrapher and a straight bachelor's college. You Mao urged and recommended Lu You to replace him, but Song Xiaozong disagreed.
Song Guangzong ascended the throne in February of the lunar calendar in 1189 (the 16th year of the Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty). After he ascended the throne, You Mao repeatedly advised him to "avoid the beginning and study hard" and warned him that "everything in the world is lost in the beginning, and it is impossible to save it later". And he was very worried about Song Guangzong's practice of appointing cronies and abusing knighthood immediately after he acceded to the throne. He quoted the story of Emperor Taizong's old man who did not care about Qin Wangfu after he ascended the throne, hoping to attract Song Guangzong's attention. However, You Mao's advice not only failed to impress Guangzong, but was slandered by some treacherous court officials, saying that he was a henchmen of Zhou Bida, who had retired. In 119 (the first year of Shaoxi in the Southern Song Dynasty), You Mao was once again expelled from the capital and became the magistrate of Wuzhou (now Jinhua, Zhejiang) and Taiping (now Dangtu, Anhui). Later, he was called into the DPRK as a painter. At this time, he also asked Guangzong to be "sincere in his desire" and "vain in his own Ren Xian", and repeatedly dissuaded Emperor Song Guangzong from continuing to abuse his knighthood. Song Guangzong can sometimes take You Mao's advice, such as revoking some decisions to promote his ministers, and so on. But sometimes he still sticks to his own opinions and even loses his temper at You Mao's advice. On one occasion, Emperor Song Guangzong entrusted an important task to officials who should not be promoted. You Mao's remonstrance made Song Guangzong furious and immediately tore You Mao's paper to pieces.
You Mao was very dissatisfied with Song Guangzong's capricious behavior. He asked for an official to return to the fields several times, and gave You Mao the title of "Sui Chu" in Sui Chu Fu, written by Sun Chuo, a famous scholar in Jin Dynasty who was unwilling to be an official and lived in seclusion in the mountains. Emperor Song Guangzong wrote the word "Sui Chu" at the same time. At the same time, he didn't agree with him to be an official, and he also promoted You Mao to be the history of does. You Mao didn't return home until he was seventy. A garden named Lexi was built on the banks of Liangxi River, next to the Banded River in Wuxi. There are Wanjuanlou, Changge, Laizhuting and Eryouzhai in the park. In 122, You Mao died at the age of 76. The main achievement of You Mao's life lies in his poetry creation and collection of a large number of books, and the compilation of the earliest edition catalogue in China.
Fang Hui of the Yuan Dynasty once said that in the Southern Song Dynasty, "since Zhongxing, poets must call you, Yang, Fan and Lu." You Mao, Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda and Lu You are called the four great poets in the Southern Song Dynasty. Unfortunately, a large number of You Mao's poems, other works and more than 3, volumes of books were all burned in a fire. The fifty-nine poems he sees now were collected from some local chronicles and books by his Qing Dynasty descendant You Dong. Judging from the ideological content of these remaining poems, You Mao, like the three poets Lu, Yang and Fan, showed dissatisfaction with the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty at that time, and was very worried about the broken mountains and rivers and the oppression of the people by other nationalities. For example, from the poem "Falling Plums", we can see the poet's anxiety about state affairs and his resentment at the imperial court in the Southern Song Dynasty, which did not think about recovery and reveled in the crowing: "On the east side of the small bridge on the west side of Liangxi, the leaves are red. In the five-night guest sorrow flower film, the sound of spring affairs in a year. Where is the singer Yushu? The dance broke the song "Mountain Fragrance". However, I remember that the lonely mountain was drunk and returned to the road.' Horseshoe fragrant snow lined the east wind. "From You Mao's remnants, we can also see that the poet cares about people's sufferings and is dissatisfied with the feelings of demanding and extorting money.
You Mao's poems are plain and natural, simple and fresh, without flowery words or allusions. "Qingshan Temple" can be called the masterpiece of his existing poems: "The towering pavilions are towering, the mountains and lakes are piled up outside the door, and the ripples are fascinated by Zeguo, and Penglai is recognized in the air. The fragrant dragon is like a golden jade, and the rain exceeds the unicorn and refutes the emerald moss. I have been here for three to twenty-nine years, and I know how many will come back in my life. "
You Mao has been fond of books all his life, and has long been known as a bookcase. He has a "keen hobby" for books. As long as he knows the title of any book he hasn't read, he should try his best to find it to read. After reading it, he should not only take notes, but also copy the borrowed books for collection. Yang Wanli once described that he was happy to copy books: "Every time he postponed, he closed the door and thanked him. Every day, he copied a number of ancient books by hand, and his children also copied books ... and his promised daughter also copied books." Yang Wanli also told a story that he had presented his works "Collection of the West" and "Collection of the Sky" to You Mao, and You Mao was happy to write a poem as a reward: "I went back to the West but went to the sky, and I got 6 articles in my bag. The hanging thorns are three times as expensive, and the luminous moon is very round. " This shows You Mao's love for books.
Because You Mao is a cool collector and treasurer of books, and he has served as an editor and reader in the National History Museum, he has the opportunity to borrow books from the secret rooms of the Imperial Court's Third Hall, and he can copy more books that are difficult for ordinary people to see. Therefore, his collection of books is very rich, including rare books and rare books. Lu You, his good friend, once described his book collection in a poem as "a house full of different titles, and he leaned over to surround himself with a suicide note."
You Mao once compiled the books collected at home into a volume called Bibliography of Sui Chutang. This is the earliest edition catalogue in China, which is of considerable reference value to the study of ancient books in China. Books are divided into forty-four categories in Suichutang Bibliography. From this bibliography, it can be seen that You Mao's books include classics, history, books, collections, official novels, Buddhism, Taoism, miscellaneous arts, music records and so on. It is particularly worth mentioning that You Mao attaches great importance to the collection of books of this dynasty, accounting for about one third of his total collection of historical books. His collection of the National History of the Northern Song Dynasty was possessed by the Nine Dynasties, and the Record of the Northern Song Dynasty was not only complete, but also had many versions. Unfortunately, after his death, You Mao's collection of books caught fire in his mansion and was set on fire. Only one book, Sui Chutang Bibliography, is left. You Mao's collected works, according to the History of Song Dynasty, have 6 volumes of Sui Chu Xiao Draft and 3 volumes of Internal and External System. According to Chen Zhensun, there are fifty volumes of Liang Xi Ji. But they are all early. In Qing Dynasty, You Dong compiled 47 ancient and modern poems and 26 essays of You Mao, which were merged into two volumes, and were published at that time. Li E's Chronicle of Song Poetry also collected several poems from the compilation of Three Dynasties North League and Maoshan Annals. You Mao has a large collection of books, including a volume of Bibliography of Sui Chutang, which is divided into nine classics, eighteen histories, twelve books, and five collections. Sometimes a book contains several books for mutual examination, but it does not solve problems, and it does not contain the number of volumes and authors. It is equivalent to an important catalogue book of the Song Dynasty with Chongwen General Catalogue and County Zhai Du Zhi. The Legacy of Liangxi is published by Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, and the Bibliography of Suichutang is published by Series Integration. Partridge east of the small bridge on the west side of Liangxi, partridge east of Liangxi, two rows of fragrant flowers and fragrant flowers and fragrant flowers sent by the stream to lift Yang Da's supervision and solution group to the west, and the title of Mi Yuanhui's Xiaoxiang map, two heavy snow on the night of the 28th day of the first month
Zhanggong Cave summer vacation called Bo Dai to stay in Leshan Hall of Scholar's Scholar's Academy in Muting.