I. Prose
Prose generally refers to those styles that pay attention to the direct expression of the author's feelings about life, pay attention to subjective expression, and pay no attention to the rhyme of parallel prose. According to the traditional view, prose is an essay that is different from verse and parallel prose. It can also be said that all articles are blank except poems, words, songs and poems.
Biography, memoirs, travel notes, fables, myths, notes and other articles can all be classified as prose. This is prose in a broad sense. Prose in a narrow sense refers to short and pithy articles written in concise, beautiful and vivid literary language, describing people, events and scenes.
Second, novels.
Novel is a kind of literary genre which focuses on portraying characters, shows their thoughts, feelings and personality characteristics through complete story plots and specific environment descriptions, and thus reflects social life extensively and profoundly. ?
Novels are divided into novels, short stories, novellas and mini-novels (or "short stories") by length; According to different contents, novels can be divided into romance novels, historical novels, science fiction novels, martial arts novels, condemnation novels, psychological novels and so on.
According to style and format, it can be divided into epistolary novels, diary novels, chapter novels and series novels. Plot, characters and environment are the three elements of a novel.
Third, poetry.
The earliest literary genre in China, which originated from the sound of primitive labor, is a kind of literature with rhyme and singing. Most of the ancient poems are four words, such as The Book of Songs, and most of them are five or seven words after the Eastern Han Dynasty and Wei Dynasty. There were ancient and modern poems in the Tang Dynasty, and new poems in the May 4th Movement.
Poetry is divided into ancient poetry, modern poetry and new poetry according to the times; Divided into narrative poems and lyric poems according to their forms of expression; According to the content, it can be divided into four categories: pastoral poetry, landscape poetry, science poetry and object-chanting poetry; According to the form, it is divided into metrical poems, free poems and prose poems; According to the source, it is divided into folk songs and literati works ?
Fourth, drama.
Drama is a comprehensive stage art, which shapes the image of stage art, reveals social contradictions and reflects social life through literature, music, dance, art, sculpture and architecture. In China, drama is the general name of traditional operas, dramas and operas in China. Also often refers to drama. In the west, it refers to drama.
According to the structure and capacity, there are long plays, one-act plays and series. According to the theme, there are modern drama, historical drama, divine drama and so on. ; According to the form of performance, there are operas, dramas, operas, ballets, pantomime and so on. According to the nature of conflict and infection, there are tragedies, comedies and dramas. ?
Extended data:
Classification of ancient literary genres;
First, Fu
It is a style in ancient China, emphasizing literary talent and rhythm, and has the nature of poetry and prose. Its characteristic is "writing with things instead of text". Focus on writing scenery, borrowing scenery to express feelings. It first appeared in hundred schools of thought's essays and was called "short fu";
Qu Yuan's "Sao Style" is a transition from poetry to fu, which is called "Sao Fu". The style of Fu was formally established in the Han Dynasty and became "Ci Fu". After Wei and Jin Dynasties, it developed in the direction of parallel prose, which was called "parallel prose". In the Tang Dynasty, the parallel style was changed to the regular style, which was called "Rhyme". In the Song Dynasty, Fu was written in the form of prose, which became "Wen Fu". ?
Second, parallel prose
This style originated in the Han and Wei Dynasties, formed in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and prevailed in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. It uses four words and six sentences to define sentences alternately, which is called "Si Liu Wen" internationally. Parallel prose often affects the expression of content because of accommodating sentences and piling up rhetoric. After Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan advocated the ancient prose movement, parallel prose gradually declined. ?
Third, say
The floorboard of ancient argumentative articles. Not far from the theory. So later collectively referred to as argumentative essays. Such as young chinese, Ma, Borrowing Books, Teachers, Snake Catcher, etc. ?
Fourth, commemoration
Ancient ministers collectively went to court. Including play, discussion, reconciliation, expression, countermeasures and so on. ?
Verbs (short for verb) are rare.
It means detailed report. ?
Intransitive verb table
Just stating a point or something. Such as Zhuge Liang's "model". ?
Seven. counter-measure
In the ancient exam, the topic was strategy, so that candidates could answer strategies, and the articles that candidates answered were called countermeasures. For example, Su Shi's "Teaching War and Defending Strategy". ?
VIII. Preface and Postscript
Foreword is also called "preface" and "introduction", just like today's "introduction" and "preface" It is an article that explains the intention of writing or publishing a book, the arrangement style and the author's situation. It can also include comments on writers' works and research on related issues. "Preface" is usually written at the front of a book or article (or at the back), and what is written at the back of the book is called "postscript" or "postscript".
This kind of article belongs to expository or argumentative according to its content. Explaining the purpose, style and content of writing belongs to expository writing, while commenting on the author's works or explaining problems belongs to argumentative writing. Introduction of Scream, Postscript of South Lu Guide, Biography of Lingguan?
Nine, the gift order
Stylistic name. In ancient times, farewell was in poetry. Set and make an order for it, which is called a gift order. There are many words of praise, approval or encouragement. Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Dongyang?
Inscription
In ancient times, words carved on objects to warn themselves or state merits were called "Ming". The inscription engraved on the card and placed on the right side of the case to protect yourself is called "motto". Such as Liu Yuxi's "Humble Room Inscription". The epitaph is engraved on the stone tablet, describing the life of the deceased and commemorating him. Such as Han Yu's epitaph of Liu Zihou. ?
Xi。 eulogy
Articles read when offering sacrifices to the dead or gods such as heaven, earth, mountains and rivers. There are two genres: verse and prose. The content is to cherish the memory of the main experiences of the deceased before his death, to praise his moral character and achievements, to mourn and to inspire the living. Such as Yuan Mei's "Sister-in-law". ?
Twelve. Miscellaneous notes
Including:? Miscellaneous notes on mountains and rivers, landscapes and personnel. Descriptions of mountains and rivers, scenery and people, such as "Little Stone Pond" and "Mount Tai". ?
Notes. Mainly notes, characterized by short length, about 1000 words; Rich in content, there are historical anecdotes, heritages, literary essays, people's essays, science novels, textual research, reading miscellaneous notes and so on. Shi Shuo Xin Yu and Meng Qian Bi Tan are such styles. ?
Thirteen. travel notes
Travel notes are a form of prose describing travel experiences. Travel notes are argumentative essays, such as Yueyang Tower and You Bao Chan. There are scientific colors, such as Li Daoyuan's Three Gorges; Some are lyrical, such as Liu Zongyuan's The Story of Little Stone Pond. ?
Fourteen one?legend?goes?that?...
One of the novel genres. Named for its bizarre and magical plot. Generally used to refer to short stories written in classical Chinese by people in Tang and Song Dynasties. Such as Biography of Liu Yi and Biography of Conan.
Baidu encyclopedia-literary genre
Baidu Encyclopedia-Four Literary Genres