A letter to a friend in the north on a rainy night
(Tang) Li Shangyin
June asked whether the return date has not yet been determined.
Bashan (2) Night rain rises in the autumn pool.
When * * * cut off the western window candle,
But (3) words in the rain at night.
①: Selected from Poems of Li Yishan. Li Shangyin (about 813-about 858), the word Yishan.
Yu Xi was born and Fan Nansheng was born. Huaizhou (now Biyang, Henan) is a native of Hanoi. Poets in Tang Dynasty.
This poem is written for a friend or wife. At that time, the poet was in Bashu and his friend or wife was in Chang 'an.
So "send it to the north". Together with Du Mu, it is called Du Xiaoli.
②: Generally refers to the land of Bashu.
3: Again.
Literary form/style/genre
Seven-syllable/seven-syllable quatrain
Note 1. Send it to the North: Send it to friends who live in the North.
Jun: You mean the author's wife Wang.
3. Bashan: Also known as Daba Mountain, it is located in the north of Nanjiang County, Sichuan Province. (referring to the land of Bashu)
4. When: When is it possible?
5.* * * Candle cutting at the west window: it means candlelight under the west window (heart to heart).
6. Cut off: Cut off the candlelight to make it brighter.
7. indeed: adverb. And, and. It indicates a tiny turning point.
[Edit this paragraph] The content of the poem
A short message to a friend in the north on a rainy night (1)
Jun (2) asked that the return date was undecided, and Bashan (3) it rained at night in the autumn pool.
When (4)*** cut (6) the western window candle (5), but (7) it rains at night.
[Edit this paragraph] Year and author
Li Shangyin (8 13-858), male, was born in Yuxi, also known as Fan Nansheng, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, and was born in Hanoi, Huaizhou (now Qinyang, Henan). People are as famous as Du Mu. They are called "Little Du Li". Among them, Li Shangyin's poetic style is closer to Du Fu's. "The Tang Dynasty learned from Lao Du, the only mountain" (Wang Anshi's words), and Du Mu's poetic style is more like Li Bai's.
Li Shangyin has made outstanding achievements in art, among which the seven laws are the highest, and there are many famous articles and epigrams in other five-character quatrains, seven-character ancient poems and five-character ancient poems. His poems emphasize artistic conception, implicit, affectionate, subtle and tortuous, with deep sustenance, gorgeous and beautiful, and the essence is all in it; Be good at using historical allusions and myths and legends, and form colorful artistic images through imagination, association and symbol; His Bi Xing adopts the method of the Book of Songs, and Beauty Vanilla imitates Li Sao, which is profound and profound, and its beautiful imagination and language directly benefit from Li He. If Li He's poems emphasize imagination, Li Shangyin's poems are more important than symbols.
Li Shangyin's poems were very popular in the early Song Dynasty. "Kunxi style" imitated the allusions of Yishan poetry, and later became Kunxi poetry school. However, it only learned rhetoric mechanically, but could not get the essence of Yishan's poetry.
Li Shangyin's poems satirize the present through the ancient times without scruple. For example, two poems in "Ma Su" point directly at the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, saying that "the emperor of the four seasons is not as good as Lu", and such courage of "riding on" is rare in the politically enlightened Tang Dynasty. Poems in Northern Qi, such as "Looking ahead to the sages' country, being defeated by thrift and extravagance" and "I'm too lucky to have a few bodies, and I've reported Zhou Shi as Jinyang", are direct criticisms and allegories of Tang Jingzong's extravagant style; Jia Sheng, a famous article, said, "Looking for a wise man to visit courtiers in the middle of the night, Jia Sheng was even more incoherent. Poor midnight is unprecedented, and Mo Wen people ask ghosts and gods. "He rebuked the emperor of the late Tang Dynasty for his absurd behavior of seeking immortals to visit Taoism and make an alchemist in order to achieve the goal of immortality, and thus he missed the country. "Hundred Rhymes in the Western Suburb" truly describes the poverty of the people after three years of war and drought after the Ganlu Revolution, traces back to a series of major changes in the country in the past 100 years, and seeks a political way out from the comparison between the past and the present, worrying about the country and the people, which is quite meaningful for Fu's Northern Expedition.
Li Shangyin's love poems have achieved great success. There are more than ten untitled poems, and there are also more than ten poems with the previous two words as their titles, such as Jinse, Bi Cheng and Wei You. There are also a few poems that seem to be titled, but they are all about lingering love, fantasy and sadness: "Time was far before I met her, but it was longer after we parted, and the east wind rose and a hundred flowers blossomed"; " If angels don't bring their lovers into the room, what life will they have except dreams? "; " Storms make nuts fascinating, and the moon dew makes cinnamon leaves sweet. "But I can't reach the magic mountain, and you are over there, 10 thousand peaks away." It never stops. Even this bright flame of love will only have ashes? ".
His "Jinse" is rich in words, easy to understand literally and profound in content, and has always been praised as "a Jinse can solve people's difficulties". In addition, "Su E, a young woman, is hardy and fights frost in the middle of the month" ("Frost Moon"); "God pities grass, and there is sunshine on earth" (Yixian); "Chang 'e should regret stealing the elixir, the sky is high and the clouds are light at night" ("Chang 'e") also gives a deep impression.
Like Li He, Li Shangyin is also good at writing dreams. Life is like a dream, dreams are like life. In Li Shangyin's poems, these two realms complement each other, and through dreams, we can find relief from the painful life and find a bright, beautiful and happy life. For example, "I am a colored pen in my dream, and I want to send flowers and leaves to the clouds" ("Peony"); "Ten-year-old dreams of picking flowers" ("East Return") and so on.
Li Shangyin's poems are of course wonderful flowers in the poetry garden, and his prose is also unique. His poems are sincere and tortuous, but his prose is steep and firm, unique and sharp, refuting secular prejudices and expressing his thoughts directly; This chapter is beautiful and fair, full of talent and foresight, not limited by style, good at expression and expression, which has a great influence on later generations and is regarded as the golden rule of CET-4 and CET-6 essays.
The Complete Works of Li Shangyin consists of three volumes of Notes on Yu Xi Sheng's Poems in Qing Dynasty, eight volumes of Fan Nan Wen Ji, and twelve volumes of Fan Nan Wen Ji Supplement by Qian Zhenlun and Qian Zhenchang, with some deletions. The content is substantial, the price is low, and Li He's poems are attached at the end of the book, which is suitable for having a certain foundation in ancient China literature and loving the late Tang Dynasty.
[Edit this paragraph] The origin of this poem
Li Yishan's Poems
[Edit this paragraph] Translation of this poem
You asked me when I would go home, but I haven't set a date yet. There is heavy rain in Bashan tonight, and the pool is full of autumn rain. When will you and I get together again and cut the candle at the west window? Tonight, I will tell you about the autumn rain, my painful feelings.
[Edit this paragraph] Appreciation of Poetry and Prose
This is Li Shangyin's well-known lyric short chapter, which was written by the poet to his wife in the north. At that time, the poet was blocked by the autumn rain and stayed in the Beijing-Pakistan area. His wife sent a letter from home asking about the date of her return. However, due to the continuous autumn rain and traffic interruption, it is impossible to determine, so reply: Jun asked that the return date is undecided. This sentence has questions and answers, ups and downs, revealing the poet's anxiety about being in a foreign land and having an uncertain return date. The poet and his wife, Mr. Wang, are deeply attached to each other and always look forward to returning to their hometown as soon as possible, sitting under the west window with his wife and chatting late into the night by candlelight. At this time, I can only miss it hard. There are only four sentences in the poem, but the scene is integrated with reality, which not only contains the reciprocating contrast of space, but also reflects the cyclic jump of time. "What to do" is the word of imagination, and imagination comes from real scenes. So the second sentence of the late rain has become an imaginary topic, and naturally it has become such a clever poem as "refusing to talk about the late rain".
Most of Li Shangyin's love poems are elegant, gorgeous, deep and tortuous. This poem, consisting of 10,000 Tang poems, is entitled "Night Rain Sends Inside". "Inside" means "my wife" and refers to my wife. The poet misses his wife on a rainy night in Bashan and is full of deep homesickness. The poet wrote his deep affection and kindness to his wife in plain language. The whole poem is ingenious, natural and smooth, ups and downs.
Deep affection, lingering thoughts.
-Appreciation of Li Shangyin's Short Message to Friends in the North on a Rainy Night
This paper points out the unique artistic style of Li Shangyin's poetry creation through the in-depth analysis of Letter to Friends in the North on a Rainy Night: image, delicacy, implication and profundity. ?
Keywords: multiple styles; Misplaced perspective; Euphemism; Scene fusion; include
Li Shangyin (8 13-858), a native of Yuxi, was a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty. ?
Li Shangyin's poems present a variety of styles, as Zhou commented: "There are beautiful tassels of treasures, a net of fine silk, and a flowing space"? 1. His poetry occupies an important position in the history of China's poetry, opening up a new artistic conception and enriching the artistic achievements of Tang poetry. Based on the appreciation of Li Shangyin's Notes to Northern Friends on a Rainy Night, this paper reveals the unique artistic style of his poetry creation: image, delicacy, implication and profundity. ?
June asked whether the return date has not yet been determined.
Autumn pool night rain rises. ?
When * * * cut candles at the west window?
But words in the rain at night. ?
This is a well-known poem written by Bashu, a poet living in a distant foreign land, to his wife in Chang 'an. Li Shangyin's love for his wife is sincere. They were married less than 12 years, and their wife died. Even in that 12 year, because the poet was wandering around, he could not get together with his wife often. As the saying goes, a little parting is better than a wedding. Li Shangyin and his wife are often separated for a long time, so they have a deeper and stronger understanding of their love and acacia. In his works, he shows the enthusiasm of "spring silkworm spinning silk" and "wax torch turning into ash", showing a unique artistic style. ?
This little poem is written clearly, without allusions or comparisons, and goes straight to books, landscapes and words. The affection in the scene, the blending of the scene and the infinite affection in the plain words leave endless room for aftertaste. ?
At the beginning of the first sentence, you directly call the other person "Jun" and draw a picture of lovesickness between husband and wife from a unique perspective: Dear wife, you must be anxious to ask me when I will come back, so I tell you now that I don't know when I can go home. The uniqueness of this poem lies in the poet's writing of acacia from a misplaced perspective, that is, the other party may not really write to ask about the date of return, but the poet imagines that his wife is missing and asks about the date of return. In China's ancient poems, the poems about lovesickness often do not directly describe how they miss each other, but how they miss themselves, thus implicitly expressing the poet's feelings of missing. For example, Du Fu's "Looking at the Moon" shows his missing for his wife by imagining that his wife misses him on a moonlit night. The phrase "Jun asks if he will return soon" seems dull, but it injects the thoughts of his wife into every word, which is euphemistic, affectionate and intriguing. ?
"Late Rain Rising in Autumn Pond" is about the environment in which he lived at that time, that is, the scenery. The poet described a specific environment in concise language: Bashan, autumn night and heavy rain. The author gives a more specific description of this environment, not only describing the rain in the sky, but also describing the rain accumulated underground. Through the realistic scenery, people seem to feel such an atmosphere: it is dark all around, it is raining cats and dogs, the pool is full, there is no intimate friend around the author, and it is raining cats and dogs, making people feel lonely and desolate. This intermittent autumn rain makes people upset, the pool is full of feelings, and the nature author's heart is also surging. Then, the feeling of "autumn pool rising" is more than torrential autumn rain and rising pool water. Obviously, it is the emotional wave of the author's infinite yearning for his wife in sleepless nights. Therefore, there are deep feelings in the scenery, and the environment is written, but it is not just the environment. There is a word "love" between the lines. In this way, the blending of scenes constitutes an artistic realm.
This poem was written twice: "Rain at Night". The first time it was actually written, and the second time it was written in white. I dreamed of meeting my wife again, and then I recalled the scene of rain at night when "the candle was cut at the west window".
If the first two sentences are written as prospect, then the last two sentences are written as future. On the night of autumn rain, the poets touched the scene, spread their wings of imagination and expressed their love with rich natural associations. The poet chose two modes here: one is the dynamic scissors, and the other is the confirmation of pronunciation. "* * * Cut the candle at the west window" depicts a beautiful picture of a beautiful night in detail and infinitely, and the word "* * *" describes the intimate mode. However, the word "He Dang" pushed the beautiful scenery described by the poet into the distance and into the void. This beautiful scenery turned out to be nothing more than the poet's yearning for it. As for when to return to my gentle hometown, everything is "irregular". This is a cruel thing and a helpless thing. This sentence is full of emotion, but it does not contain a word "emotion", which is very implicit. ?
There is no better way to express your feelings than words. "Keep your word". The poet imagined that husband and wife would get together, talk by candlelight and communicate with each other. "Refusing to talk" is a retrospective memory. The poet imagines that time at this time, and then he is talking about this time, talking about the feelings of missing when the rain is there at night. In this short four-sentence poem, the word "late rain" appears in two places, which is extremely rare in ordinary ancient poetry.
Image, delicacy, implication and profundity are the artistic features of this poem.
[Edit this paragraph] Writing background
This poem was undoubtedly written in Bashu, but who gave you this "Jun"? This is different. The title of Ten Thousand Poems in the Tang Dynasty is Rain at Night. Feng Note: "The words are shallow and affectionate, and they come from the inside." However, all the poems in the stamp album have unknown titles, so they are still called' Send to the North'. Because Shang Yin's wife died at the turn of spring and summer, both Feng's Pu and Zhang Jian thought that Shang Yin had a short trip to Bashu in Dazhong (848), during which he wrote this poem and gave it to his wife in the north. Cen thinks that there is no so-called trip to Bashu in Notes on Yuxi Chronicle. Liu Heyu's Xie Ji also called the trip to Bashu a fallacy. In the article "How to Understand Li Shangyin's Poems", it is believed that this poem was written by Jing and Ba who lived here for a long time at the turn of summer and autumn when Shang Yin returned to Guilin. Liu and Yu thought in Xie Ji: "Bashan in Tang poetry generally refers to the mountains in Sichuan today ... you don't have to go to Daba Mountain or Bashan Mountain in the south of Badong County." "This kind of poetry is obviously a long-term detention, which is different from people who are temporarily detained." ..... This is a work written by Zi Mu to reward his friends in Beijing, and it is really impossible to test. This is about the later period of Zimu. "This poem was written on a rainy night. The text is simple, but the tone is kind and natural, full of affection and very touching. Moreover, all scenery words are sentimental words, thick and profound, with long meaning and rhyme. Li Mengyang was quoted as saying in The Forest of Tang Poetry: "Tang poetry, like your precious son, is romantic and elegant, so believe it. "Yuxi Shengshi" says: "When you see the situation, it is clear and subtle, and Yuxi is the first-class concentration." "Selected Poems of Tang Poetry": "Deliberately lingering and rippling. "
In Ten Thousand Tang Poems edited by Hong Mai in the Southern Song Dynasty, the title of this poem is Rain at Night, which means this poem is for his wife. Judging from the word "Bashan" in the poem, this poem is about Bashu. Li Shangyin once applied to join Sichuan as the chief of staff of Liu Zhongying, our time in Dongchuan. The time was the sixth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 852). Before this year, Li Shangyin's wife died. Feng Hao, a Qing Dynasty poet who annotated Li Shangyin's Poems, thinks that the title of the poem should not be changed to "within the post" (because "the poems in the collection are unknown"), but the content should be "within the post". To this end, he advanced the writing time of poetry to two years (AD 848). According to Feng Hao's textual research, Li Shangyin was the shogunate of Zheng Ya in Guangxi (now Guilin) this year. Zheng Ya was framed by his political opponents and demoted to being a secretariat with Suizhou. Li Shangyin didn't go to Zhou Xun, but went to Changsha by water and returned to Chang 'an the next year. Feng Hao believes that Li Shangyin once "roamed Jianghan and traveled to and from Bashu" and "had a land and water journey between Bashu" on his way home. A note to friends in the north on a rainy night was written when I passed Bashu on my way home. Neighbors Cen and Chen Yinque once pointed out that the statement about the trip to Bashu was incorrect. In fact, Feng Hao didn't say much. He vaguely said that Li Shangyin had been to Bashu at this time, "playing with poetry and seeing it with his own eyes, but there was no breakdown." It can be seen that the note to friends in the north on a rainy night is generally sent by Li Shangyin to his wife. This statement seems to need to be reconsidered.
Li Shangyin's life is unfortunate. As soon as he embarked on his official career, he was involved in the dispute between Niu and Li's cronies. (cattle, cattle monks and nuns; Li, Li Deyu. A clique, a bureaucratic group. ) In 852, it was a last resort to go to Shu with Liu Zhongying. How difficult the career is, my wife died young and I feel sad. A few years ago, when Lu Xun was the shogunate in Xuzhou, he was quite complacent. "Let's sing RoyceWong in military music, don't recite Yuan Ming." After arriving in Sichuan, this optimism disappeared. "Three years of bitter fog, leaving no one to manage the beams." He cut off contact with the outside world and even had no friendship with the staff of the same government. "A short message to a friend in the north on a rainy night" was written with great passion. I sent a poem to Jun and asked him about his return date with concern. He also looked forward to "cutting the candle at the west window" with Jun. This "gentleman" has at least three conditions. First, the past was relatively dense; Second, there are still poetry books at the moment; Third, we are soul mates. Judging from the existing poems of Li Shangyin, there is one person who can be such a "monarch", and that is the humanities in the late Tang poetry. When Li Shangyin was in Xuzhou, there was a poem "Autumn Stay in". When Li Shangyin was in Sichuan, he also sent three poems to Wen. Wen's birth is more precious than Li's, and he is a descendant of Wen Yanbo, the prime minister of the early Tang Dynasty. However, he was also pushed out and suppressed by Hu Ling Mao, a Niu Dang, and became Fang Chengwei's teaching assistant in his later years. If there is no evidence to the contrary, it can probably be said that "Friends in the North on a Rainy Night" was written to Wen by Li Shangyin when he was in Zizhou Shogunate. In this way, we may be able to taste the emotional content contained in the poem more carefully.
At the beginning of the poem, there is an unavoidable contradiction that "the date of your return is uncertain" The hope of returning to China and disappointment in the future are opposites. Sorrow enveloped the whole article. On the surface, "it rains at night in the autumn pool" is an impromptu point. However, this scene makes the sadness of returning to China more vivid and rich. Bashan, alone in a foreign land, is autumn, late at night and rainy at night. The situation itself is very sad. In particular, the word "rising autumn pool", continuous autumn rain, filled the pool with water. The poet captured this beautiful and realistic picture and inspired the imagination of readers. It seems that what rises in the autumn pool is not autumn water, but the pain that the poet can't get rid of.
Although the quatrains are short, they also pay attention to structural skills. It has been said by predecessors that quatrains are generally difficult to inherit two sentences, and it is better to say them directly and calmly. Change takes a lot of time, all in the third sentence. The third sentence of this poem shows this kind of effort. "Why * * * Cut Candles at the West Window" jumps from now to the future, from Bashan to the north (Chang 'an), and writes the poet's reverie with the rhetorical method of expressing the present. "Cutting candles at the west window" may have melted the poetic meaning of "holding candles at night is more like a dream" in Du Fu's "Three Songs of Qiang Village", but it has changed from a couple to a friend and is more affectionate. The word "when" means "when will it be possible", and the first sentence "not yet" is done, which is both urgent and unpredictable. Emotionally, with the first two sentences, it seems to be broken
The fourth sentence is more exciting. Farewell to the Rain at Night comes from "* * * Cutting the West Window", which is a boat sailing down the river. In the genre of quatrains, which is as short as only four sentences, it is not a pity to use the meaning of repeated sentences, but it is bold. However, the reappearance of Late Rain is not monotonous, but its significance is tortuous and profound. If the "late rain" in the previous sentence is based on scenery, then the "late rain" in this sentence is based on feelings. It and Cut the Candle at the West Window form a warm and dynamic picture, which shows the poet's longing for the return date and his deep friendship with Jun. This adds joy to the poem. This joy is only an unpredictable expectation, so it shows the joy of the future and aggravates the pain of untimely return. We can feel the poet's mood constantly ups and downs, but the emotional tone is always harmonious and unified.
Li Shangyin's poems, especially those in his later years, are full of sentimental feelings. This sentimentality reflects the darkness of the times and his personal misfortune. A note to a friend in the north on a rainy night, although it reflects some happiness, is also sentimental on the whole. It's just that this sadness is tortuous and profound. The sentence "Rose in the Autumn Rain at Night" contains a lot of subtext. It seems that it is not the pain caused by the separation of husband and wife, but it really contains the sadness of the poet's review of his life here and now, and implies the anger and despair of reality.
This poem is improvised, showing the twists and turns of the poet's feelings in an instant. The language is simple, and there is no trace of modification in wording and sentence making. Most of Li Shangyin's poems are rich in rhetoric, exquisite in allusions and good at symbols and hints. This "Notes to a friend in the North on a Rainy Night" shows another style of Li Shangyin's poetry: simple and natural, but with the artistic characteristics of "deep sustenance and gentle wording".