skill
1, feelings of painting and calligraphy
As a lyric prose, Autumn in the Old Capital mainly describes autumn scenery in the Old Capital. In this paper, the horizontal structure is adopted to closely follow the words "old capital" and "autumn" from five aspects: autumn morning scene, autumn locust scene, Qiu Chan scene, autumn rain scene and autumn fruit scene, which shows the "purity, quietness and sadness" in Autumn of the Old Capital. As a rhetorical device, "description" means "vividly depicting the external morphological characteristics of things in a rhetorical way.
First, let's look at the word "old capital". Yu Dafu euphemistically expressed his "old capital" in the article. For example, There are a sea of people in the Imperial Capital, renting rafters and dilapidated houses, and in the broken waist, facing the morning glory blue like morning glory. If it weren't for the old capital, how could the imperial city have a broken house? This clearly implies the historical changes, and it is this word "broken" that brings an "autumn feeling" to the author Yu Dafu. These are obvious, and the more subtle is also reflected in the author's "evasion". "When it comes to morning glory, I think blue or white is the best, followed by purple and black, and reddish is the best. It is best to have a few sparse and slender autumn grasses at the bottom of the morning glory as a foil. " What the author sees in this "broken waist" is this "blue" morning glory, which is the legacy of the "Imperial Capital" of that year. Even if he becomes the "old capital", he still does not change the style of the "Imperial Capital". Look at Autumn again. "Getting up in the morning" and "sitting in the yard, you can still see the high blue sky" is "clear"; "I can hear the flying sound of pigeons training in the blue sky" is "silence" and "writing silence with sound"; People in the "old capital" get up in the morning, make a bowl of strong tea and sit in the yard, which is even more "quiet". Without the busyness of the past, they had to make a bowl of strong tea and sit in the yard in autumn. Yu Dafu's feelings are embodied in these seemingly meaningless trivial words.
2. Contrast and trust
In Autumn in the Old Capital, Yu Dafu begins with the emotional tone of the article "Autumn in the north is particularly quiet and desolate", and then compares it with autumn in the south of the Yangtze River, pointing out that autumn in the south of the Yangtze River is "slow in vegetation withering, humid in air, pale in sky and often stormy" and "can only feel a little coolness". This is the contrast. As a rhetorical device, "contrast" refers to "a rhetorical way of comparing two things or two different aspects of the same thing". It is through this contrast that the author's understanding and feelings about autumn are enriched, thorough and full. Therefore, this contrast has become a means for the author to express his deeper feelings. More importantly, in order to set off and pave the way for this emotion more deeply, Yu Dafu is very careful at the beginning and the end, and this repetition makes the emotional expression stronger. Especially in autumn in the south, "compared with Qiu Lai in the north, it's just like drinking yellow rice wine, eating porridge, eating perch, eating crab and eating yellow dog". "Autumn flavor, autumn color, autumn artistic conception and autumn posture" are really far from each other, and the characteristics of autumn in the north are even more remarkable. Through this contrast, the emotion of the full text appears "to the next level".
3. Side escape lining.
Autumn in the Old Capital not only depicts feelings through painting, but also shows the feelings hidden in the author's chest through emotional comparison, and also uses the method of shelving feelings. As a rhetorical device, "one meaning" refers to a rhetorical device that intentionally digresses when speaking or writing, and makes humorous remarks, comments or supplements. These remarks or comments seem redundant and irrelevant, but they can enhance the interest of language. " In this paper, the author wrote a whole paragraph about the deep affection of scholars and poets in ancient and modern times, and thought that autumn was "strongly decadent" in their poems and "always caused deep, distant, severe and bleak feelings". "But the strong smell of autumn, especially in China, must be felt in the north in the end." Using the method of putting aside feelings not only paves the way for the emotional expression of the work, but also increases readers' understanding of some feelings of "autumn" by scholars and poets at home and abroad, and "increases the interest of the language".
4. Swear to show love
The so-called "pledge", as a rhetorical device, refers to a rhetorical way of expressing firm belief and determination by putting forward unrealistic conditions. Yu Dafu finally adopted this technique in order to express his strong feelings for Autumn in the Old Capital. "Autumn, the autumn of this northern country, if I can stay, I am willing to fold two-thirds of my life and get a third of it." This oath, based on hypothetical reasoning, deviates from reality in this impossible way, expressing the author's strong feelings of loving Autumn in the Old Capital. This ending is also a footnote to the first paragraph: "I chased Qingdao from Hangzhou and Peking from Qingdao just to taste the autumn flavor of this old capital." This is the third step for the author to express his feelings. It is in these three steps that emotions turn from gloomy to bright and become clearer and stronger.