Original text:
The wind is fast and high, the ape cries sadly, and the birds are circling in the white sand.
The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.
Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness.
After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged.
Vernacular translation:
It is very sad that there are birds hovering on the river with clear water and white sand.
Endless trees are rustling leaves, and endless Yangtze River is rolling in.
Sad to autumn, I feel that Wan Li has been wandering all the year round, and today he is alone on the high platform due to illness in his later years.
After suffering, the temples are covered with white hair, and the cup of sorrow hangs when it is full of sadness.
This poem is included in Du Gongbu's Collected Works. The whole poem tells the poet's complex feelings of long-term wandering, old illness and loneliness by climbing to see the scenery of Qiujiang River. It is impassioned and touching.
The first four sentences of this poem are about climbing mountains. The first couplet is right. Focusing on the specific environment of Kuizhou, the poet used the word "wind rush" to drive the All-China Federation, and from the very beginning, he wrote a quatrain that was told for generations. Kuizhou is famous for its many apes, and the canyon is famous for its windy weather. It is cool in autumn, but it is windy here. When the poet climbs the mountain, the sound of "high apes whistling" comes from the gorge, which means "the empty valley echoes, and the sorrow turns to leisurely" ("Water Classic Notes on the River"). The poet moved his eyes from the heights to the rivers and lakes, and on the background of clear water and white sand, he was dotted with birds dancing with the wind and never looking back. This is really a beautiful painting. Among them, the sky, wind, sand, Zhu, apes whistling and birds flying are all made in heaven and naturally paired. Not only the upper and lower sentences are correct, but also the sentences are self-correct, such as the above sentence "day" to "wind" and "height" to "urgency"; The next sentences "sand" versus "Zhu" and "white" versus "green" are full of rhythm. After the artistic refinement of the poet, fourteen words, each of which is accurate and appropriate, are all in name only. In words, "thank you for your axe" has reached a wonderful and difficult state. More notably, the first sentence of the couple is usually pronounced in a flat voice at the end, but this poem rhymes in a flat voice. Shen Deqian praised "two sentences still rhyme, but the style has changed" ("Tang Poetry").
This couplet embodies the typical characteristics of Kuizhou in autumn. The poet looked up at the endless rustling leaves and looked down at the endless rolling river. While writing about the scenery, he expressed his feelings affectionately. Endless and inexhaustible, it makes the rustling roll more vivid, which reminds people of the rustling of fallen trees and the surging Yangtze River, and invisibly conveys the feeling that youth is fleeting and ambition is hard to pay. Through the gloomy and sad dialogue, it shows superb brushwork, and it does have the majestic momentum of "repairing the palace" and "pouring hundreds of rivers into the east". It is reasonable for predecessors to call it "the absolute step of the past and the present" and "the transformation in the sentence"
The first two couplets describe autumn scenery, and it was not until the necklace that the word "autumn" was pointed out. "Alone on the stage" shows that the poet looks down from a height and closely connects the eye scene with the heart. Frequent visitor points out the poet's wandering life. "One hundred years" means a limited life, here refers to the twilight. The word "sad autumn" is written very painfully. Autumn is not necessarily sad, but when the poet witnessed the desolate and magnificent autumn scenery, he couldn't help thinking of his own exile, the old, the weak and the sick, so he gave birth to infinite sadness. The poet summed up the feelings of a long-time guest who is most likely to be sad and sick and loves a person to go on stage, which makes people deeply feel his heavy emotional pulse. The "Wan Li" and "Centennial" of this couplet also echo the "Boundless" and "Endless" of the previous couplet: the poet's travel worries and loneliness, like fallen leaves and rivers, are inexhaustible and cannot be driven away, and his feelings and scenery are integrated. At this point, the poem has given the general meaning of missing a stranger, added the content of loneliness after a long separation, added the feeling of sadness and pain in autumn, added the sigh of people who have left their homes in Wan Li and are in their twilight years, and is more poetic.
There are five or six sentences at the end. The poet suffers from hardship and poverty, worrying about the country and the people, and his hair is getting gray. In addition, because of illness and alcohol deprivation, it is even more difficult for them to let go. The poet's ambivalence is easy to understand, because he once longed to climb high and look far, but now he provokes hatred for no reason, adding to his sorrow. The first six sentences are "flying", and here "soft and cold, infinite sadness is beyond words" ("Poetry").
The first half of the poem describes the scenery, the second half is lyrical, and the writing style is different. The first couplet focuses on describing the specific scenery in front of us, just like the meticulous brushwork of a painter, showing the shape, sound, color and state one by one. The second couplet focuses on rendering the atmosphere of the whole autumn, just like the painter's freehand brushwork, which should only be vivid and easy to understand, so that readers can supplement it with imagination. Triple expression of feelings, from vertical (time) and horizontal (space) two aspects, from wandering to sick and disabled. Quadrupling the number of white hair, protecting illness and abstinence from alcohol can be summed up as the hardship of the times is the root of poverty. In this way, Du Fu's feelings when he was worried about the country and the people and hurt the country were vividly displayed.
All eight sentences in this poem are correct. At first glance, the beginning and the end seem to be "wrong", and the chest and abdomen seem to be "wrong". After careful consideration, "every sentence in the article is law, and every word in the sentence is law." Not only "the whole article can be taught", but also "choose words and make sentences", "people in ancient and modern times dare not speak and will never speak" It is natural to win the reputation of "masterpiece" (see Hu Yinglin's poem). [6-7]
Famous comments
Wang Mingshizhen's Memories of Yan Yuan Yan Volume 4: Lao Du's concentration, I love the chapter "The wind is urgent and the sky is high", and the knot is light.
Li Ming's poem at the foot of Dongyang Mountain: "Leaves are like waterfalls, and I see the long river rolling. Sadness is like Li Qiuse. I have been wandering all the year round, and my life is plagued by illness. Today I am alone on the high platform. " What kind of scenes, what kind of things? Song people took "Cui Shi No.9 Blue Sky Villa" as their lawyer's swan song. Why?
Wan Lun Poetry: There are two poems of Shaoling School, and one school has extensive discussion. So "I came from three thousand miles away. Sad this autumn, and I have been sad for a hundred years, climbing this high alone "and" two instruments are still clear and turbid, there is no doubt ".Xiaoxi is the Song Dynasty and the ancestor of Zhuang Dingshan in this dynasty. One school of rich words, such as "the oriole is surrounded by a bead curtain embroidered fence, and the Bai Ou rises from a silk rope toothed wall" and "the fish blows the fine waves and shakes the song fan, and the swallows fly and dance". And their flow is Yuan poetry, that is, the ancestor of Yang and Meng.
Hu Yinglin's Poetics Volume 5: The only way to write a great poem is to be accurate in meter and tone, so that the meaning of the sentence is high and the sentence can be diligently cut. Why harm its work? Humble bones and muscles, although silent, how to make up for it? For example, Lao Du's "The Wind Rises High in the Sky" is the first poem of seven-character rhythm in the Tang Dynasty. ..... "The wind is high and the sky is high" Chapter 56 is like a submarine coral, thin and difficult to understand, unfathomable, but powerful. Understand the first chapter grammar, syntax and word grammar. Never before, never after. The whisperer is Du Fu's poem, not Tang Shi's ear. However, this poem should be the first of the seven laws in ancient and modern times, not necessarily the first of the seven laws in the Tang Dynasty. According to this poem, Yuan people said: "Every sentence is more strange than one, and every sentence is more strange than one;" : Some people know.
Wang Qingshizhen's "Poems in Class" Volume III: Seven-character poems have the advantage of overlapping words to look solemn and stirring, such as Du Zimei's "fallen leaves are like waterfalls, but I think the long river is always rolling." The same is true of "the lonely bird in the river has gone, and the dragon is singing in the rain".
Qing Shi Buhua's Poem of Attendance 162: "Going up the mountain" begins with two sentences: "The monkey crows in the wide sky and the birds return to the white sand in the blue lake", and ends with two sentences: "The disaster is like the frost on the temples, the pain in the heart is like the fatigue of wine, and the thick dust is like it". Those who are right from the beginning and don't feel stupid, three or four words "boundless falling wood" are arrogant; The phrase "Wan Li mourns autumn" on May 6th sounds depressing. The beauty of the first sentence lies in rhyme, which is long and awkward without rhyme.
Yang Qinglun's Du Shi Jing Quan: Gao Hun, unique in ancient and modern times, should be the first of Du Ji's seven-character poems.