The theme of this "short song" is very clear, that is, the author is thirsty for talents and hopes that all talents will come to him. In his political activities, in order to expand his ruling base among civilian landlords and crack down on reactionary hereditary forces, Cao Cao once strongly emphasized that "meritocracy means promotion", and for this reason, he successively issued orders to seek talents, promote scholars and escape.
In fact, "short song" is a "song of seeking the virtuous", and it is precisely because it uses the form of poetry and contains rich lyrical elements that it can play a unique infectious role, effectively publicize his persistence and cooperate with his decrees.
The whole poem is divided into four sections. The first part mainly expresses the poet's sadness about his short life. There are two references to "wine" in the first part. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, wine was favored by Wei and Jin poets. Whether happy or sad, it is not difficult to find the shadow of wine when feeling. In this poem, the first sentence begins with wine, which leads to the poet's sadness about his short life.
The last sentence of the first section "How to relieve anxiety? Only Du Kang. " Among them, "Du Kang" is said to have invented wine, which also refers to wine here. Among them, how to understand the poet's sorrow that life is short? The poet lived in troubled times, witnessed the people's drift from place to place, and was heartbroken, eager to make contributions but unable to change troubled times, thus giving a sigh that life is short.
In the second season, this feeling is even more lingering. The phrase "Qingqing" comes from The Book of Songs Zheng Feng Zi Jin. The original poem is about a girl who misses her lover. The four sentences in the first chapter are: "Qingqing Zi Jin, carefree in my heart. Even if I don't go, I'd rather not send a message? " Your green collar bothers me deeply. Although I can't come to you, why don't you take the initiative to leave me a message? )
Cao Cao quoted this poem here, saying that he had been reciting it in a low voice, which was really ingenious. He said that "a girl in green is lingering in my heart", which is of course a direct metaphor for missing "talented people"; But more importantly, he omitted two sentences: "Even if I don't go, I'd rather not send a message?"
Because it is impossible for Cao Cao to look for those "talents" one by one, he reminded them in this subtle way: "Even if I don't look for you, why don't you take the initiative to look for me?" From this implicit meaning, we can see that his intention of "seeking the virtuous" is indeed thoughtful and has touching power.
And this touching power embodies the combination of politics and artistic creation. Of course, his profound and subtle intentions can't be fully expressed in the literature such as "Asking for a Scholar". As a poem, short songs can express feelings that political literature can't express and play a role that political literature can't.
Then he quoted four sentences from The Book of Songs Xiaoya Luming Literature to describe the scene of the banquet, meaning that as long as you come to me, I will definitely stay as a "guest" and we will get along well and cooperate harmoniously. The word "seeking the virtuous" is still unclear in these eight sentences.
Because Cao Cao writes poems and uses allusions as metaphors, this is a manifestation of "gentleness but irony". At the same time, the word "Jun" is also typical in Cao Cao's poems. Originally in the Book of Songs, this "gentleman" only refers to a specific person; Here, it has a broad meaning: all the "sages" who read Cao Cao's poem at that time.
Everyone can think that he is the missing object in Cao Cao's poem Zi Jin. It is precisely because of this that this poem will play a huge social role if it is circulated. The third section is the focus and care of the above sixteen sentences. The above sixteen sentences mainly have two meanings, that is, worrying about seeking the virtuous and treating the virtuous with courtesy.
If compared with music, these can be said to be two "theme melodies" in the whole poem, and the eight sentences of "Clear as the Moon" are the reappearance and variation of these two "theme melodies". The first four sentences are about sadness, not the first eight; The last four sentences are about the arrival of "talents". These are the last eight sentences.
On the surface, the meaning is repeated by the first sixteen sentences, but in fact, due to the reproduction and variation of the "theme melody", the whole poem is more restrained and chanting, which strengthens the concentration of lyric. Judging from the literary theme of expressing poetry, these eight sentences are not simple repetitions, but contain profound meanings.
In other words, "talents" have come a lot, and we have cooperated very well; However, I am not satisfied. I'm still worried about talent, and I hope more "talents" will come. The bright moon in the sky is always running and never stops ("stop" means "stop" and "short melody" means "stop".
The explanation of "duo" in high school textbooks is: take it as soon as you pick it up. When can I pick it up? In the same way, my idea of seeking the virtuous will not be cut off. This is also a thoughtful expression, because Cao Cao is constantly recruiting talents, so will the latecomers worry about "overcrowding"? Therefore, Cao Cao further said here that his pursuit of wisdom will not end like the bright moon.
People don't have to worry, there will be discounts for coming early and coming late. On this point, the author will make it more clear below. It is just a connecting link and plays a transitional and buffering role.
The fourth quarter further deepened the thoughts and feelings of thirst for virtue. The four sentences "Bright moon in the sky" are not only an accurate and vivid description of the scenery, but also metaphorical. Shen Deqian, a poet in A Qing, said in The Source of Ancient Poems: "There are four few stars in the moon, and there is no one to rely on for strange people." In fact, it means that people who are hesitant are at a loss in the situation of the Three Kingdoms.
The poet inspired them with the scene of crows circling trees and "what branches to rely on" Don't be half-hearted, be good at choosing branches and live, and come to me quickly. Finally, the four sentences in Duke of Zhou make the finishing point, which clearly shows that I hope all the people will come to me, Cao Cao, and point out the main idea of the whole poem.
With regard to the allusion of "Duke of Zhou vomited food", it is said that Duke of Zhou himself said: "Son of King Wen, brother of King Wen, uncle of King Cheng; I am also in the world, and I am not a light in the world. However, if you hold it for three times and vomit for three times, you still fear losing the people of the world. " This seems to express the poet's feelings.
Generally speaking, short songs, like other poems of Cao Cao, such as Good Li Xing, Duijiu, A Bitter Cold Journey, etc. , is a highly political poem, mainly serving the political line and strategy implemented by Cao Cao at that time. However, its political content and significance are completely integrated into the rich lyrical artistic conception, and the whole poem gives full play to the specialty of poetry creation.
Accurately and skillfully used metaphor, achieving the goal of combining reason with emotion and touching. In the era of Cao Cao, he was able to achieve the expected social effect according to the special laws of lyric poetry, and this kind of creative experience is obviously worth learning.
At the same time, because Cao Cao's emphasis on "meritocracy" at that time had certain progressive significance, his highly artistic performance on the theme of "seeking talents" should also be affirmed by history.
Extended data:
The original short song
Han Dynasty: Cao Cao
Singing to wine, life geometry! For example, morning dew is much more difficult to go to Japan.
Be generous, and your troubles will be unforgettable. How to solve your worries? Only Du Kang.
Qingqing is your collar, YY is my miss. But for your sake, I've thought it over.
A herd of deer, yo, ate mugwort in Ye Yuan. I have a group of good guests, playing the piano and playing the piano.
As clear as the bright moon, when can I forget it? The troubles come from this and cannot be cut off.
The weirder, the more useless. Talk about it, and remember the past.
There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south. Turn around the tree three times, what branches can you rely on?
The mountain is never too high, and the sea is never too deep. The duke of Zhou vomited, and the world returned to the heart.
Translation:
Singing while drinking, how many years left in life. Just like the morning dew is fleeting, so much time has passed! The song at the banquet was impassioned, but the sadness in my heart was hard to forget. By what to alleviate depression? Only drink wine. Scholar, you make me miss you day and night. It is because of you that I have been chanting deeply to this day.
Deer hummed in the sun and ate mugwort leaves in Yuan Ye. Once talented people from all over the world come to our home, I will entertain guests in blowing sheng. When can I pick the bright moon hanging in the sky? Deep worries can't stop. Guests from afar came to visit me across the criss-crossing fields.
Meet again after a long separation, have a heart-to-heart talk and relive the kindness of the past. There are few stars in the moon, and a group of nesting blackbirds fly south. Fly around the tree for three weeks without breaking your wings. Where can you live? The mountains do not hesitate to look at the towering rocks, but the sea does not abandon the trickle to see the grandeur. I would like to be as courteous as the Duke of Zhou, and I would like the heroes of the world to submit to me sincerely.