Font size: Gongdu, otherwise known as the owner of the mansion.
Time: Qing Dynasty
Ethnic group: Hakkas of Han nationality
Place of Birth: Jiaying County, Guangdong Province (now Meizhou)
Date of birth:1April 27th, 848.
Time of death:1March 28th, 905.
Main works: Lonely Poems, Japanese Annals, Japanese Miscellaneous Poems.
Main achievements: poet and diplomat, participated in the Reform Movement of 1898.
The Life of Characters in Huang Zunxian's Works
(History of lishixinzhi.com) Huang Zunxian took the imperial examination from 1863 to 1876. Influenced by his family and under the guidance of his teacher, Huang Zunxian made continuous progress in his studies.
1873 (Twelve years of Tongzhi) When Huang Zunxian was 26 years old, he was admitted to Ba Gong Sheng.
1874 (13th year of Tongzhi) In the spring, Huang Zunxian set off for Beijing to take the rural examination in Shuntian (the Qing Dynasty adopted the old system of the Ming Dynasty and took Beijing as Shuntianfu). At that time, his father Huang Hongzao was working in Beijing, so his father and son lived alone. Because Huang Hongzao's salary is not much, their life is very simple. In Beijing, Huang Zunxian made some friends and met some officialdom figures, which had a certain influence on his later political life.
1876 (the second year of Guangxu), I roamed Yantai, Shandong with my father and got to know Zhang and Li Hongzhang, the bureaucrats of the Westernization School. Huang Zunxian talked about Kan Kan in front of them, which aroused their interest and concern for the young man. Li Hongzhang praised Huang Zunxian as a bully in front of others. With Li Hongzhang's power and status at that time, Huang Zunxian, a fledgling junior, could get such high attention that Huang Zunxian felt as an insider. This is the beginning of Huang Zunxian's contact with Westernization.
1876 (the second year of Guangxu) took the Shuntian exam, was admitted as the jurorNo. 14 1, and was elected as the magistrate with five titles.
Diplomatic career 1877 (Guangxu three years), Huang Zunxian's fellow countryman and academician courtyard gave lectures.
After being appointed as China's first ambassador to Japan, he was invited to accompany him to Japan. After Huang Zunxian was promoted to the imperial examination, his family hoped that he would take the Jinshi examination again and opposed his going to Japan. Despite the opposition of his family and relatives, he resolutely gave up his official career in imperial examinations and chose overseas foreign affairs. On the recommendation of He, Huang Zunxian was appointed as Counsellor in Japan to accompany him to Japan. On the eve of his mission, Huang Zunxian wrote a poem, expressing his hope to display his talent and realize his ambition in diplomatic work with Japan.
1877 (the third year of Guangxu)165438+1On the evening of October 26th, Huang Zunxian set off from Shanghai with more than 30 people, and finally landed in Kobe to start diplomatic activities with Japan. Huang Zunxian worked in Japan for four years, wandered around, participated in various kinds of * * *, made friends in all aspects, forged profound friendship with many Japanese friends, and actively advocated good-neighborly friendship between China and Japan. He was once called "the most elegant and educated diplomat" in China by Japanese historians. Poems by Japanese friends in Zeng Zeng express the wish of the Chinese and Japanese people for friendship and prosperity from generation to generation. But for Japan's annexation of Ryukyu and its invasion of Korea, he argued. His poems are very popular with the Japanese, who praise him as a "master of sewing the moon". He also wrote more than 200 Japanese miscellaneous poems on Japanese history, politics, scenery and customs, which opened up a new realm of China's classical poetry.
1879 (the fifth year of Guangxu), when Japan annexed Ryukyu, the important documents of Minister He Zhi, Prime Minister Yamen and Minister Beiyang were more than 65,438+words, which analyzed Japan's national conditions, stated the countermeasures that China should take, and pointed out: "If Ryukyu dies, the Bohai Sea will bear the brunt within a few years." These predictions were proved by later facts. Most of these documents were drafted by Huang Zunxian. However, the Qing Dynasty did not adopt Huang Zunxian's view on foreign policy, which eventually made Ryukyu a victim of Japanese aggression policy. Huang Zunxian had to pin his grief and indignation on his poem Song of Begging.
1880 (the sixth year of Guangxu), a Japanese friend, Mr. Yuan Huisheng, with the consent of Huang Zunxian, buried some manuscripts of Japanese Miscellaneous Poems in his home near the Mojiang River in Tokyo, and Huang Zunxian wrote the words "the first draft of Japanese Miscellaneous Poems" and carved a stone to erect a monument as a symbol of the permanent friendship between the Chinese and Japanese peoples. During his stay in Japan, Huang Zunxian began to contact the bourgeois theory of democracy and freedom spread from the west to Japan. After reading the works of French Enlightenment pioneers Rousseau and Montesquieu, he "changed his mind and thought that a peaceful world must be based on democracy", and realized that "he should learn from the West" and "China must change to the West", and his thoughts changed obviously. And share this idea and idea with him. It was the formation of this thought that made him an active advocate of China's reform movement. During his stay in Japan, Huang Zunxian clearly saw that the increasingly powerful Japan was pointing its aggression at China and North Korea.
1880 (the sixth year of Guangxu), Huang Zunxian presented the book "North Korea Strategy" to Kim Hongji, a North Korean envoy, and expounded his geopolitical proposition in Northeast Asia. He and Chinese Ambassador to Japan He jointly wrote to the imperial court, saying, "Therefore, in view of the current situation in China, it is possible to set up an envoy to the DPRK. Taking Mongolia as an example, domestic politics and foreign treaties are presided over by China, and ordinary people dare not covet it. "