But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats. (Appreciation of Du Fu's Full Translation of Shu Xiang in the Tang Dynasty)

But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats. Where is the famous temple of books written by Du Fu, a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty? In a pine forest near the Silk City. The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves. The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations. But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats. Appreciation of Scholars is a masterpiece of Du Fu, a great poet in China in the Tang Dynasty. In 22 1 year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, with the title of Han, and appointed Zhuge Liang as prime minister. "Shu Xiang" means the prime minister of Shu Han, and this poem named "Shu Xiang" is written by Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang was a famous politician and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period. He formulated a series of policies and strategies for Liu Bei to unify the world, assisted Liu Bei in revitalizing the Han Dynasty and establishing the Shu-Han regime, which formed a tripartite confrontation with Cao Wei and Sun Wu. After Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang assisted his son Liu Chan in many expeditions to the Central Plains. Because of physical and mental exhaustion, I eventually died in the army, realizing my solemn oath of "doing my best and dying" and winning the admiration and admiration of future generations. Although Du Fu harbored the political ideal of "a gentleman is in harmony with him", his political career was bumpy and his ambition could not be put into practice. When he wrote the poem Shuxiang, the Anshi rebellion had not subsided. Seeing the difficulties and obstacles in the country, the people are dying, and they can't serve the country. Therefore, I have infinite admiration and respect for Zhuge Liang, who started the inheritance and saved the current situation. In December of the second year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong (759), Du Fu ended his four-year exile in Qin Zhou and Tonggu (now Chengxian County, Gansu Province) and, with the support of his friends, settled by Huanhua River in Chengdu. In the spring of the following year (in 760, the first year of Shangyuan in Tang Suzong), I visited Zhuge Wuhou Temple and wrote this touching poem. Where is the temple of the famous prime minister in a pine forest near the Silk City? The Prime Minister's Temple, now called Wuhou Temple, is located in the southern suburbs of Chengdu. Chengdu was the capital of the Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period. Zhuge Liang presided over the state affairs here for more than 20 years, with remarkable achievements. When Li Xiong was king in Chengdu in Jin Dynasty, he built an ancestral temple for him. Later, Huan Wen Pingshu and Chengdu suffered great damage, only Wuhou Temple was intact. "Jinguan City" is another name of ancient Chengdu. Shu brocade is produced in Chengdu. In ancient times, there were special officials in charge. They live in a small city in Chengdu (the old big city and small city in Chengdu), so Chengdu is also called Jinguancheng, Jincheng or Jinli. Another way of saying it is because Chengdu is close to Jinjiang, where the mountains and rivers are as beautiful as embroidery, hence the name. "Dense" means that cypress trees grow tall and dense. According to The Scholars and Taiping Universe, there is a cypress tree in front of Wuhou Temple, which is said to have been planted by Zhuge Liang himself. These are a few sentences. The first sentence "Where is the Hall of Fame" is asking yourself. Using the word "prime minister" instead of "scholarly" makes people feel very cordial. In particular, the word "Qiu" in it shows that this trip is a purposeful visit, not a casual stroll; Because Du Fu first arrived in Chengdu and was unfamiliar with the geographical environment, he wrote such a word "Qiu". This word search has rich meanings. It also strongly shows Du Fu's strong admiration and nostalgia for Zhuge Liang, and also shows that the Prime Minister's Temple is a place that poets have long yearned for and want to visit. Answer the last sentence "in a deep pine forest near the Silk City". This is what the poet expected. It is about the location of the ancestral temple of the Prime Minister, pointing out the location of the ancestral temple to echo the previous sentence. The word "Bai Sensen" also expresses a quiet and solemn atmosphere. These two poems, which are directly related to the "book fragrance", are very prominent and use narrative and descriptive pen and ink. The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves. "step by step" step by step Ancient temples had courtyards and halls. People want to enter the temple and climb the stairs. "Good voice", a pleasant voice, describes the sound of birds, which means that birds sing here. Like close-ups, these couplets depict the interior of the ancestral hall of the Prime Minister from far and near, from outside to inside. "Spring grass dyed the steps" is the ancestral hall of the Prime Minister who inherited the first sentence. The green grass reflects the steps, showing that the ancestral hall lacks management and repair, and tourists rarely come here. "There are birds chirping happily under the leaves" is an expression inherited from the second sentence. The oriole is separated by leaves, which shows that the trees are lush; Huang oriole's empty voice shows that what Wu Hou worked so hard to create has been forgotten by future generations. These two poems contrast the desolation of the ancestral temple, and contain the poet's feelings of thinking about things and people and remembering the sages. At the same time, it also contains the meaning that Bicao and oriole don't understand the change of personnel and dynasties. In particular, the clever use of the words "empty" and "self" in the poem enriches the meaning of this couplet. For these two sentences, some critics of Du Fu's poems think that it is to write scenery, while others think that it is "true lyricism, not true scenery". These two statements certainly have some truth. However, to be more precise, these two sentences should be regarded as "scenery language contains feelings, and love language contains scenery." This is just like the example that Fan said in the book "Talking about Bed at Night" in the Song Dynasty that "the scenery is harmonious but not separated" is common in Du Fu's poems. For example, when Du Fu was in Kuizhou, he wrote a poem "Wuhou Temple", which began with two sentences: "The temples were left with painters, and the mountains were covered with vegetation. It is a vivid example to write about the desolation of the scenery outside the temple and to express the poet's grief over the desolation behind Zhuge Wuhou. In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Fuzhi said in "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" that "the scenery has two names, but they cannot be separated. God is infinite to poets. Skilled people have feelings in the middle of the scene. Du Fu's lyric poems about scenery can really reach this situation. The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations. "Three visits" means that Liu Bei visited Zhuge Liang three times when Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Nanyang. Zhuge Liang's "Teacher's List" said: "The first emperor didn't treat my ministers with shame, but gave up on himself and took care of my ministers in the thatched cottage." "Frequent troubles", I have tried many times. On the other hand, see Wang Shihan's poetics compilation in Qing Dynasty. Wang Shihan thought that "constant annoyance" was a common saying in the Tang Dynasty, and its meaning was similar to "solemnity". "The plan of the world" refers to the strategy of unifying the world. Specifically, this refers to Zhuge Liang's strategy of taking Jingzhou and Yizhou as bases, rectifying internal affairs, linking Sun Quan in the east and Cao Cao in the north, and then unifying the world. "Two Dynasties" refers to Liu Bei, the ruler of the former Shu, and Liu Chan, the ruler of the latter Shu. "Open economy" and "opening to the outside world" refer to helping Liu Bei start a foundation; "Aid" means helping Liu Chan to help the poor. "Economy" means completion, which can also be interpreted as persistence and success. "The heart of an old minister" refers to Zhuge Liang's spirit of being loyal to Shu Han, doing his best and dying. These two sentences are particularly heavy and rich in meaning, which not only vividly expresses Zhuge Wuhou's great talent, the hardships of serving the country and his lifelong achievements, but also vividly shows his unswerving spirit and character. At the same time, he solemnly revealed the reasons why the poet admired Zhuge Wuhou. Because this couplet is the focus and core of the whole poem, the poet secretly carried the axe pound from the beginning, constantly creating momentum and circling all the way, which made the focus stand out and used powerful pen and ink. This is also in line with the writing principle of "one strong and one weak" in rhyme. This couplet is also an example of Du Fu's comments on poetry. Originally, lyricism is a prominent feature of poetry, which is generally not discussed. However, in this respect, Du Fu broke the routine and often put arguments into his poems, which not only made his poems unique, but also embodied a skill of Du Fu's poems. Shen Deqian once said in Qing Dynasty: "People call poetry the master of temperament, not the master of discussion. It seems so, but not necessarily. ..... but you must speak with emotion. The discussion of Du Fu's poems is precisely because of the emotional charm, which not only does not dilute the atmosphere and complete images of the poems, but makes the lyrical atmosphere and images of the poems richer. Qiu said that these two poems were "profound and tragic"; Pu Qilong thinks that this conjunction is "syntactically like Kim Joo-sung, just right; It's like melting gold. "Very insightful. But before he conquered, he died and the hero burst into tears. The phrase "starting a career" refers to Zhuge Liang's six major events in Qishan in order to attack Wei. In the twelfth year of Jian Xing (234), the ruler of the last years of Shu and Han Dynasties, he took command of the army, then went out of Xiegu, occupied Wuzhangyuan, and stayed at loggerheads with Sima Yi across the Weihe River for more than a hundred days. In August, he died in the army. " Heroes here generally refer to people with lofty ideals who cherish the memory of Zhuge Liang, including the poet himself. These two sentences are followed by five or six sentences, which shows the poet's lofty admiration for Zhuge Liang's dedication and his regret for his unfinished business. These two poems are narrative and lyrical; Coupled with the powerful foreshadowing of the previous six sentences, readers feel both spiritual and memorable. Wang Yuyang once said in Qing Dynasty: "It is always necessary to do something healthy for poetry. Shen Deqian also thinks that "walking out of the distance" is a good way to end a poem. All these beauties are fully reflected at the end of this poem. In China's classical poems, there are many works mourning historic sites. Some people go to a historic site to write a poem as usual. Is there any emotion in it? A little, but not deep. People all say that Du Fu is a good poet. In the poems mourning historical sites, although they are about ancient times, they also express his inner feelings. The book is a typical example. The first half of this poem is about scenery, and the second half is lyrical. The front part and the back part are connected by a word "Zi" and a word "Empty". The poet saw that the temple of such a memorable great man had become so shabby and desolate, which caused all kinds of feelings. This poem seems to express mourning for the past, but in fact it is also the author's inner expression.