A 19th-century Russian critical realist writer, he was born in a hereditary aristocratic family. He joined the Literature Department of Moscow University in 1833, and a year later he transferred to the Chinese major of the Philosophy Department of Petersburg University. After graduation, he went to Berlin University in Germany to study philosophy, history, Greece and Latin.
In the spring of 1843, Turgenev published a long narrative poem "Balasha", which was well received by belinsky, and they established a profound friendship.
from 1847 to 1851, he published his famous work The Hunter's Notes in the progressive publication Modern People. It appears in the form of an essay written by a hunter while hunting, including 25 short stories. While describing the rural landscape, living customs and portraying the image of farmers, the book profoundly exposes the landlord's seemingly civilized and benevolent nature, but in fact it is ugly and cruel, full of sympathy for the bullied working people, and writes their wisdom and good morality. The anti-serfdom tendency of this work angered the authorities, who arrested and exiled Turgenev for publishing an article in memory of Gogol for violating the censorship regulations. During his detention, he wrote the famous anti-slavery short story Mumu.
The 195s and 197s were the heyday of Turgenev's creation, and he published novels one after another: Luo Ting (1856), Aristocratic House (1859), The Eve before (186), Father and Son (1862), Smoke (1867) and The Night before. Among them, Luo Ting is his first novel, which created another "superfluous man" image after onegin and Pichelin. The difference is that Luo Ting died in the street fighting in Paris in June 1848. Father and Son is Turgenev's masterpiece. It reflects the relationship between "father and son" who represent different social class forces, describes the "old age" of Kirsha Novo, a representative of pro-British liberal aristocrats, and shapes a new generation of representatives-Bazarov, a civilian intellectual. But Bazarov is also full of contradictions. He is a rebel of the old system, a "nihilist" who denies all old traditions and old ideas. He claims to fight, but he has no action. After the novel came out, it caused a heated debate in the literary world.
Since 196s, Turgenev spent most of his time in Western Europe and made many famous writers and artists, such as Zola, Mo Bosang, Dude, Goncourt and so on. Participated in the "International Literature Conference" held in Paris and was elected as the vice chairman (the chairman is Victor? Hugo). Turgenev served as a bridge between Russian literature and European literature.
Turgenev is a writer with a unique artistic style. He is good at both delicate psychological description and lyricism. The novel has a well-structured structure, a compact plot and vivid characters, and is especially good at carving female artistic images in detail, and his description of the charming nature is also full of poetry and painting.