Lu you
Famous sentence: Zhumen is singing and dancing, and the horse in the stable is fat and the bow is broken.
Guide reading
Guan Shanyue is an old theme in Yuefu, with frontier fortress as the theme, showing the life and feelings of joining the army. Lu You was written in the spring of four years (1 177). At that time, the author was 53 years old and was impeached by the powerful minister, so he became a "idle person" of the Fan Chengda shogunate. At that time, it had been five years since Lu You was transferred back to the rear from the front line of Nanzheng, and fifteen years since the signing of the "Longxing Peace Conference" which was a national humiliation. Looking back at history and thinking about reality, he was extremely indignant and dissatisfied, so he wrote three poems, Guan Shanyue, Southbound Journey and Occupy the South of the City, to express his inner anguish and anger.
"Guan Shanyue" is one of the appellations of "blowing drums and horns horizontally" in Han Yuefu.
Original poem
In the fifteenth year of Herong's reign, the general did not oppose the air.
Zhu Menchen pressed the song and dance, the stable was fat and the bow was broken.
Diao Dou, the garrison building, urged the moon to set, joined the army at the age of 30, and now he is white-haired.
Who knows the heart of a strong man in a flute? The sand head is empty, and the bones are taken.
The Central Plains had heard of war in ancient times. Are there any descendants who oppose Hu Chuan?
The adherents endured death and hoped to recover. 7. There are tears in several places tonight!
To annotate ...
Harmony: In ancient times, living in peace with other nationalities was called "harmony". This refers to the second year of Emperor Xiaozong's Longxing (1 164). Fifteen years have passed since he wrote this poem. (2) Zhumen: the door painted with red paint refers to a wealthy family. Weight: deep. Song and Dance: Singing and dancing according to the beat of music. ③ stability: stability, stability. (4) Garrison: a watchtower for observing the enemy's situation. Diao Dou: Bronzes in the ancient army were used to cook during the day and ring bells at night. ⑤ Among flutes: "Guan Shanyue" belongs to "Transverse Blowing Music", and most of the instruments of "Transverse Blowing Music" are flutes, so the cloud is "in the flute". 6 reverse Hu: refers to the Jin people who occupy the Central Plains. ⑦ adherents: refers to the people in the occupied areas.
Translate poetry
The imperial edict of peace talks has been issued for fifteen years.
The general did not dare to fight, but talked about leading troops to defend the border.
The nobles in the big yard are singing and dancing heartily.
The horses in the pen are all fat and the bow is broken.
The scream of the watchtower prompted the moon to set,
I joined the army at the age of 30, and now my black hair has turned white.
Who understands the patriotism of the brave men in the flute?
The lonely moon in the desert shines on human bones.
Since ancient times, wars in the Central Plains have also been heard from time to time.
Have you seen the Hu family in China?
After the robbery, the people endured humiliation and lived in the hope of the restoration of the Central Plains.
How many sad tears have been shed tonight?
Make an appreciative comment
Guan Shanyue, based on the theme, describes the situation and mentality of three different characters (generals, soldiers and adherents) inside and outside Guanshan (border pass) under the same moonlight. Taking time as the trigger point, through the tone of a soldier, it is skillfully unfolded from three levels: hearing, seeing and feeling. The whole poem consists of twelve sentences, divided into three layers, and four sentences rhyme. The first four sentences are written by the general: don't fight at the border, indulge in debauchery and abandon combat readiness. The last four sentences are about soldiers: time is wasted, throwing stones to ask for directions, and ambition is hard to pay. The last four sentences are about adherents: longing for recovery, frustration year after year, humiliating waiting. The moon is the background light source of the whole article, and all three people are sleepless under the moon tonight. The pale moonlight reflects their different joys and sorrows. The focus of the poem is to write the "hate under the moon" interwoven with "the heart of a strong man" and "the tears of adherents", while "the joy of generals" positively reveals that the historical cause of this eternal tragedy is the national policy of "harmony but difference". The whole poem is covered with a layer of grief and indignation in the faint moonlight, silently expressing the author's condemnation of the policy of "harmony and tolerance" and his regret that he can't serve his country.
This poem is not only profound in ideological content, but also rich in feelings, images and vivid descriptions. Specifically, it is strong in generality, lyricism and fluent and natural language. No amazing sentence is tense, but in the description of objective facts, it shows the power of tear-jerking and soul-stirring, and achieves the perfect combination of ideological and artistic.