Poetry is based on emotion, or poetry is the product of strong emotion. Without generation, there would be no poetry, and poetry is the materialization of the poet's emotions. Therefore, grasping the poet's emotional expression is a shortcut for us to appreciate the emotional content of poetry. There are two ways to express emotions: direct lyric and indirect lyric. Direct expression is a direct expression of one's mind, and its emotional content is clear at a glance, which is generally not used as the examination content. Indirect lyric means not expressing feelings directly, but conveying feelings implicitly and tactfully by describing or reciting scenery, things, history and people. In indirect lyric poetry, the poet's feelings about life are accumulated in his chest, and sometimes this feeling is even covered up. Once the eyes and ears come into contact with foreign objects, it is like a pool of spring water, which awakens the emotions in his heart. Therefore, emotions are born from scenes and things, and there will be historical events and people you know. This kind of poetry is rich in meaning, distinctive in technique and easy to give questions, so it is often used as the material of college entrance examination proposition.
First, the lyric style of landscape writing.
Xie Zhen's four poems: "Landscape is the medium of poetry, and emotion is the embryo of poetry. They are combined into poetry." Emotion-the poet's life feeling is only the embryo of poetry. To cultivate it into poetry, we must find a suitable medium-landscape. Poetry is conceived by emotion embryo and expressed by scenery media, and the artistic conception of poetry is formed by the blending of emotion embryo and scenery media. All scenery words are emotional words, and there are usually four relationships between scenery and emotion.
One: Enjoy the feeling of Syaraku. Du Fu's quatrains: "The sunset is really beautiful, and the flowers and plants are fragrant in the spring breeze. Mud melts and swallows fly, sand warms and mandarin ducks sleep. " The poet expressed his comfort and joy in temporarily settling in a thatched cottage after being replaced by a colorful, prosperous and beautiful early spring scenery.
The second kind: write sad feelings with sad scenes. In 2004, Du Fu's poem "Jianghan" was published in Guangdong: "Jianghan is homesick, and Gan Kun is a pedant. The sky is far away, and the moon is lonely all night. The heart of the setting sun is still strong, and the autumn wind is sick. In ancient times, you didn't have to walk a long way to save an old horse. " The "cloud" and "lonely moon" in the poem constitute a bleak artistic conception, revealing the author's loneliness and boredom.
The third kind: write sadness with music scenes. Du Fu's Crossing the Xiangjiang River: "In the past, I was worried about going to the garden in the evening, but flowers and birds are worried about the edge this spring. It's not like Xiangjiang Beiliu. " At that time, at the end of spring, the garden was full of embroidery, and the beautiful scenery set off today's sadness. The flowers and birds in front of us reflect the sadness of the distant frontier.
Fourth: Mourn Syaraku's feelings. Li Bai's poem "Xia Sai Qu": "Five In the snow in Tianshan Mountain, without flowers, it is cold. Spring can only be imagined in the flute "Folding Willow", but it has never been seen in reality. The soldiers fought the enemy in the golden drum during the day and slept in the saddle at night. I would like to put my sword under my waist and cut Loulan straight. " In the mountains in May, all you can see is white snow, no flowers to admire, no willows to fold, and it's chilly. The scene is so monotonous and desolate, which shows the soldiers' lofty sentiments of bravely killing the enemy.
Second, writing style.
Writing and expressing one's will, that is, what is commonly referred to as expressing one's intention by supporting things. On the object-object, the poet found or found some spiritual similarity with himself-the "intersection" of object and ambition, which aroused the feelings of the soul, so he used the description of "object image" to explore the inner character and spirit of object image and express his feelings. The characteristic of chanting poems is "never leaving", which not only accurately deduces the content of singing, but also entrusts something in the poem. Poets develop poetic imagination in their poems, blending things and feelings together, and can't tell where things are written, where people are written, and there are things and people everywhere. Every word describes the state of the object, and every sentence is full of ambition. Su Shi's poem "Red Plum" is selected from the 2004 Beijing Summer College Entrance Examination: "I'm afraid I'll stay up late because I'm afraid the ice jam won't fit in. Pretending to be a little red peach apricot, I am still lonely and thin. Cold heart is unwilling to follow the spring state, and wine is dizzy for no reason. I didn't know Meg was here, but I looked at the green leaves and branches. " In his poems, Su Shi not only takes into account the physical state and nature of plum blossoms, but also personifies them, grasping the unique "Meg" of Hongmei's "lonely and thin snow and frost posture" and "chilling and unwilling to follow the spring state", and conveying the charm of Hongmei's demure and elegant but not shallow and vulgar. Every word is beautiful, every word speaks for itself.
The same thing, because the poet's personal temperament, fate and creative circumstances are different, so the feelings he sings are also different. From the poem, we can clearly read the unique "that person" behind the work, and the author's strong sense of life is hidden behind what he sings. "Plum Blossom" by Chen Liang, a poet in the Song Dynasty: "A flower changes suddenly first, and ten thousand flowers are fragrant later." The poet grasped the characteristic that plum blossoms are the first to blossom, and wrote the best quality in the world without fear of setbacks, which is not only a Yongmei, but also a self-praise. Lu you's word "operator? Yongmei: "Scattered into mud and ground into ashes, only the fragrance remains. "Plum blossom is used to describe a person's unfortunate experience of being destroyed and his noble sentiment of not wanting to go with the flow." "Mo Mei" by Wang Mian in Yuan Dynasty: "Don't boast of its lewdness, just leave the air fresh and dry. "Pure plum blossom, describe yourself, express yourself not flattering secular faithfulness and purity.
Third, write the ancient metaphor today.
This kind of poem was written in ancient times to express the present, while history was written to express feelings. Or praise the success and glory of the past against the failure and desolation of the present, or praise the absurd pain of the past to warn the rulers and express their sense of historical nothingness and reincarnation. The poet unified history with emotion and expressed the past with ambition. Du Mu's poem "Bo Qinhuai" says: "The merchant girl doesn't know the national subjugation and hate, but she still sings" backyard flowers "to cross the river." The poet took advantage of Chen Houzhu's debauchery, drinking and having fun with concubines all day long, ignoring political affairs and eventually dying, expressing his worries about the social decline in the late Tang Dynasty. In the graceful singing, it shows bitter satire, deep sorrow and infinite emotion. It is meaningful to link history, reality and imagined future in a subtle and natural way.
In 2004, Du Yao's poem "Red Cliff" was rolled up in the Shanghai Summer College Entrance Examination: "The water army is magnificent eastward, and the Yangtze River is rugged. Zhuge's heart is empty, but Cao Biao's eyes are empty. Soldier pin torch shadow east wind fierce, dream broken flute jathyapple solitary. After this unbearable place, wild gulls are full of smoke. " Since the Battle of Chibi, Chibi has become a poet's image to wash his mind. Brilliant and ambitious, Du Yao is facing the Red Cliff because of its bumpy experience and fate. His feelings are very complicated, nothingness and sadness coexist, indignation and helplessness.
In the process of praising history and relying on the past, the past history has been integrated into the poet's feelings, and the history and the present are integrated, and the poet's feelings transcend time and space. Putting the individual in the long river of history shows that the eternity of nature is in contrast to the brevity of life, and the review of history is full of sadness in this life.
Fourth, write human words.
To write about yourself is to borrow someone else's cup and water yourself. I write about other people's affairs and express my inner sadness and feelings.
By writing about the success of others, we can reflect on our own setbacks and misfortunes. Su Shi, "Nian Nujiao? Zhou Yu's heroic image was created in "Red Cliff Nostalgia": a feather fan in hand and a nylon scarf, handsome, charming, intelligent and courageous. Between joking and joking, Cao Jun was beaten out of the water. Zhou Yu made great achievements that attracted worldwide attention when he was young. At this time, the poet has been stained with frost and achieved nothing, and there is nowhere to display his ambition to serve the country. In contrast, the poet's inner pain is not difficult to understand.
By writing about other people's misfortunes, we can compare our own sorrows. Others have the same experience, similar fate and emotional connection with themselves, so sing it out. Qin Taoyu's poem "Poor Girl": "Living under a thatched cottage, she never wears fragrant silk. She is eager to arrange marriage, but how dare she? . Who would know that her simple face is the cutest? * * * Poor people dress frugally in this era. Her finger embroidery is unparalleled, but she can't compete with painting eyebrows. Year after year, she sewed gold thread for other girls on the bride's dress. " The whole article expresses the resentment and injustice of the poet through the monologue of a poor unmarried girl. The poet does not have enough talent to serve the world, but depends on others.
Five, write something to express feelings
In this kind of poetry, events are either the catalyst or the carrier of the poet's emotions, and the poet's inner feelings are conveyed through the description of events.
In 2004, Zhang Ji's poem Qiu Si was published in China. "Seeing the autumn wind in Luoyang, I want a writer to write a book. I was so anxious that I couldn't say it, and the pedestrians opened again. " With the help of a meaningful episode in daily life-the details of thoughts and actions when sending a letter home, this song "Qiu Si" expresses the poet's deep yearning for his relatives in his hometown very truly and delicately.
Zhu Qingyu's "Boudoir Sacrifice to Zhang Shui Department": "The bridal chamber stopped the red candle last night and waited for Tang Xiao to worship my aunt. Ask her husband in a low voice after makeup, thrush is not deep enough. " This is a poem that Zhu Qingyu gave to the invigilator, Yuan Wailang of the Ministry of Water Affairs, before taking the Jinshi exam, to test the details. By describing a newly married woman's anxiety before meeting her in-laws, the poet vividly compared her nervousness and anxiety before the exam, and skillfully and tactfully expressed her desire to be admitted.
Poets' indirect lyric can be roughly divided into the above five categories. Of course, this classification is not entirely correct. Each category is not completely independent, but you have me and I have you. For example, writing ancient metaphors about oneself belongs to both "writing others and expressing yourself" and "writing ancient metaphors about the present", as well as the description of scenery in nostalgic poems. The reason for this classification is to help students better grasp the characteristics of indirect lyric poetry and improve their ability to appreciate poetry.
Foreign objects have caused the poet's emotional ripple and triggered the poet's life vibration-sense of life, which is the spiritual bond between the poet and foreign objects (scenery, objects, history, people). It is precisely because of the sense of life that poets can express their feelings, voices and meanings by painting landscapes and remembering the past.
Liang, a teacher, now lives in Shunde, Guangdong.