Original text of the Imperial Capital Chapter:
A country with thousands of miles of mountains and rivers, a city with nine gates. If you don't see the emperor's residence strong, you will know that the emperor is respected. The emperor's residence was in Xiaohan Valley in Dili, and he was in Houdianfu on Longshan Mountain in Quaiye. The five latitudes are in the constellation of stars, and the eight waters are divided across the earth's axis. The Qin fortress was closed for 120 years, and the Han family left the palace for 36 years. The Gui Palace is opposite the Jade Tower, and the Jiao House is connected to the Golden House. There are three streets and nine streets in the beautiful city of Kuma, with thousands of households and thousands of doors opening at the same time. The complex road leads diagonally to the Magpie Temple, and the intersection leads directly to the Phoenix Tower. The swordsman enters the south palace, and the hairpin comes from the north palace. It is famous all over the world and its cultural relics are like Zhaohui. Gou Chen Su Lan Jie, Bi Marsh Floating Sophora City. The copper feathers return in response to the wind, and the golden stems rise to the surface. School Wen Tianlu Pavilion, practice fighting Kunming Water. Zhu Di resists the platform, and Huang Fei leads to Qili. There is a Chongyong in the Qi on the platform, and the bells are waiting for the bells to ring. There are three thousand tents in the small hall, and twelve brothels on the main road. The treasure cover has a carved saddle and a golden horse, and the orchid window has embroidered columns and a jade dragon. The embroidered pillars and inscriptions are reflected on the pink wall, and the gold and jade are ringing and the princes are prosperous. The princes and nobles have many ministers who are close to them. They travel to the north, stay in the evening and are neighbors to the south. Lu Jia distributed the gold to the generals for a banquet, and Chen Zun took charge of the guests. Zhao and Li met secretly and got married to Xiao and Zhu. Danfeng Zhucheng is white and dusk, and the green cow is cyanotic in the world of mortals. The knight plays beads on the willow road, and encourages women to pick mulberry trees with silver hooks. The advocates of Tao Li are prosperous, and the knights of Beijing are prosperous and light. Yannian's female brother Shuangfeng came in, and Luofu sent Jun Qianqi back. Concentric knotted belts, connected and woven into garments. In the spring, the osmanthus is full of flavors, and in the autumn night, the orchid lights are dim. The beaded curtains in the green shoal are not alone, and the clear songs and treasures depend on each other. Let’s talk about thirty-six thousand years being right, but I would rather know that forty-nine years are wrong. In ancient times, glory and wealth were like floating clouds, and life depended on faith. It was first seen that Tian and Dou were being taken away from each other, and I heard that Wei Huo had made great achievements. Before I get tired of Jinling's spirit, I first opened the stone coffin. The Zhu family has no return for Young Master Zhang. Who is afraid of General Li in Bating? We have been looking after each other for hundreds of years, but it turns out that everything needs to be changed. The fragrance of cinnamon branches has disappeared, where is the high banquet in Bailiang now? When spring goes and spring comes, we are struggling to achieve our goals. We strive for fame and profit in vain. It's hard to find Jiuluro's office in the end. Who knows about Kongsao Prime Minister? Once he was good at luxury at that time, he said that he would be arrogant and luxurious for thousands of years. Suddenly the wind gave birth to wings, and for a moment they were lost in the waves and fell into the sand. The oriole nests in the osmanthus, and melons are planted in Qingmen. Gold is sold and silk is changed, one is rich and the other is cheap. The beautiful girl has been there for a long time, but the old hair is new. She takes off her millet cloth to look down on her old friend. Old friends are forgotten, and new knowledge has no energy. Han Anguo died in ashes, and Zhai Tingwei was injured. That's it, come back. Ma Qing's resignation from Shu was rich in literature, but he lacked good media to promote the country as an official. Three winters of self-respect are enough, and they will return several times in ten years. The salary exceeded the accumulation, and Sun Hong Pavilion was not opened. Who regrets the Changsha Fu? He only loses to the Luoyang talents. Appreciation of the Imperial Capital Chapter
This poem is an excellent masterpiece by the author that is full of realism. It was written in the third year of the Yuan Dynasty (676), the third year of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, when the poet was transferred from the chief clerk of martial arts to the chief clerk of Mingtang. According to the "Old Tang Book·Wenyuan Biography", this poem was also titled "The Emperor Jing Chapter, the Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs". There was a "Qi" in the front of the poem, and the author gave it to Pei Xingjian, the Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs at that time, and it spread throughout the capital. "Thought it was the last song."
The whole poem describes the prosperity of Chang'an, the imperial capital. There are many heroic poems, which show the strength and vigorous style of the Tang Dynasty. It also puts forward a warning to be prepared for danger in times of peace: "Before you get tired of the spirit of Jinling, open the stone coffin inscriptions first." , expressing the grief and indignation of not being able to appreciate talent. The poem has a rigorous structure and is divided into four paragraphs:
The first paragraph is from the beginning to "Huang Fei leads to Qili", which describes the beautiful scenery of the capital; from "Platform Qili with Chongxu" to "Ning Zhi "Forty-Nine Years Away" is the second paragraph, describing the extravagant habits of the princes and nobles and the leisurely banquet life of the lower class; from "In ancient times, glory and wealth were like floating clouds" to "Luo Shang Zhai Tingwei" is the third paragraph, describing the upper class The struggle against the ever-changing society; "It's Over" expresses the personal depression of being stranded in Kyoto and being unappreciated, with great momentum. When Shen Deqian of the Qing Dynasty commented on this poem, he said: "The first describes the majesty of the form and the majesty of the palace; the second describes the extravagance and arrogance of the princes and nobles, down to "Ancient Times", describing the changes in the world; the following "It's already done", hurting oneself. "The two lines in the poem "The Qin fortress was closed one hundred and two times, and the Han family left the palace thirty-six times" ("Tang Shi Biezai") highlight the dangers of the fortress and the victory of the palace in Chang'an, the imperial capital, with majestic momentum and artistic effect. Excellent, it can be called a famous sentence, and it has always been popular among people. From the perspective of artistic techniques, the author used Fu in this article, which opened up a new aspect for the creation of Songs in the Tang Dynasty. It is an artistic masterpiece that is "unparalleled" (Chen Xijin's words).
This poem was written around the third year of the Yuan Dynasty when he was the chief bookkeeper of Mingtang. There is "Qi" in front of the poem, which is said to have been written in response to "Chui Suo", the Minister of Civil Affairs. The poem is based on the life story of Chang'an, the capital of the Han Dynasty. It uses the past to describe the present, expresses emotions and aspirations, and has a smooth rhythm, just like "beads adorned with brocade and rolling into the distance". It was regarded as a masterpiece at the time. It is not only the poet's representative work, but also one of the representative works of long poems in the early Tang Dynasty. It is comparable to Lu Zhaolin's "The Ancient Meaning of Chang'an" and is called a companion piece.
The whole poem is divided into four parts. The first part (from "Thousands of Miles of Mountains and Rivers" to "Huangfei leads to Qili") describes the dangerous and majestic geographical situation of Chang'an and the beauty of the palaces. Majestic momentum. This part is divided into three small levels. The opening chapter is a five-character poem, with four lines and one rhyme. It is powerful and powerful, like a powerful crossbow, breaking the theme in one fell swoop. "A country with thousands of miles of mountains and rivers, a city with nine gates" is neatly contrasted, and the quantifier is best used. "Thousands of miles" is opposite to "nine layers", giving people a far-reaching, broad and profound aura. The third sentence is a hypothetical question, "I don't see the emperor sitting strong". The fourth sentence that follows, "An Zhi Tianzi Zun", uses a negative question to express affirmation, and indirectly expresses admiration, surprise and other rich, complex and strong emotions. An allusion from "Historical Records: Chronicles of Emperor Gaozu" is used here: "Prime Minister Xiao built the Weiyang Palace and established the East Tower, North Tower, Front Palace, Arsenal, and Taicang. Emperor Gaozu was angry when he saw how strong the city towers were.
Xiao He said: "The emperor regards the four seas as his home. He is neither magnificent nor majestic, nor can he be praised by future generations." ” Gaozu is happy. Only by being familiar with this allusion can you better understand the meaning of these two poems. It reflects each other with the opening two sentences, and vividly summarizes the style of the imperial capital of this great country. The above four sentences guide the whole article and kick off the subsequent narrative.
The second small level describes the long-term view of Chang'an: "The imperial residence is in the Han Valley, the quail is in the Longshan Houdian. The five latitudes are connected to the starry sky, and the eight rivers are divided across the axis of the earth. The Qin fortress is a key pass. One hundred and two, the Han family left the palace thirty-six times." These six lines of seven-character poems show us a huge and magnificent three-dimensional picture from a macro perspective. The world is vast and can be seen in all directions. Starlight shines brightly, Guanshan Mountain protects it, and fertile soil nurtures it, how could the Imperial Capital not exist! The six lines of the poem use numbers such as "five", "eight", "one hundred and two" and "thirty-six" in succession. Not only does it not feel boring, but it also shows the classic rhyme and ingenuity, forming a fresh and unique scene. This is a detailed rendering of the first sentence "A country with thousands of miles of mountains and rivers".
The third small level is a close-up view of Chang'an: "The Gui Palace is facing the Jade Tower, the pepper house is connected to the golden house. Three nine-road beautiful city Kuma, thousands of households and thousands of doors are opened. The compound road is slanted Through the bird's eye view, the intersection leads directly to the Phoenix Tower. "It goes straight into the sky, the dazzling palace, the warm and beautiful forbidden palace; the broad and accessible avenue, the multiple roads soaring in the sky, and the interweaving diagonal alleys. This is a specific characterization of "Imperial Residence Zhuang". The six-line poem illustrates the magnificence, prosperity, and magnanimity of the imperial capital, which makes people think of the nobility and majesty of the emperor.
The second part ("Entering the Nangong Palace with Jianlu" to "I would rather know that forty-nine years are wrong") focuses on describing the arrogant, extravagant and indulgent life of the princes, nobles and nobles in Chang'an's upper class society. The poet started from the superficial prosperity and prosperity, intending to explain the philosophy of prosperity and decline, misfortunes and blessings. This part can be divided into two levels. The first twenty-six sentences of the poem are the first level, mainly describing the daily life of the powerful and their vassals. "Enter the South Palace with swords and hairpins coming from the North Palace. The statement is crowned in the world, and the cultural relics are like Zhao Zhao." It carefully and vividly depicts the scene of the honored generals, wearing swords, boldly entering and leaving the palace. Their reputations are known all over the world, their images are inscribed in painting pavilions, their achievements are recorded in history, and their glory is like the sun and moon. "Chen Sulan, Bimarsh and Floating Locust City" describes the emperor's academic palace, which is quiet and quiet; the bachelors strolled Panchi and Wenshi, discussing ancient and modern times under the green locust tree. How elegant and elegant! This is evident from the implementation of education and the wide opening of channels of speech! "The copper feathers respond to the wind, and the golden stems bear the dew." It is both scenic and lyrical. The soaring bronze crow diligently detects the changes in the wind and clouds, hoping for peace and prosperity for the country and the people; the cactus holding the golden plate high devoutly carries the jade dew, praying for the emperor to live forever! "School Wen Tianlu Pavilion, practice fighting on Kunming Water" refers to the civil and military generals performing their respective duties. The civil generals govern the country and secure the country, and the military generals guard the borders and expand the borders. "Zhu Di resists the platform, and the yellow gate leads to Qili." It refers to the residences of the powerful, which are as numerous and gorgeous as the emperor's palace. Not only do they live in luxurious houses, but they also eat well, "cooking gold and fine food, waiting for the bell to ring", which is really grand. "The small hall has three thousand windows, and the main avenue has twelve floors of brothels" is their place of entertainment. One can imagine the number of prostitutes. They are a subordinate class born out of the life needs of the ruling class. Their lives are naturally luxurious and extravagant: "baogai, carved saddles, golden horses, orchid windows, embroidered pillars, and jade dragons." This kind of life was brought about by the princes and nobles who "traveled to the north, to the south, and to the south at night." In addition to the "many close ministers" in the north and south, there are also the old ministers who have lost power and the newly favored new nobles: "Lu Jia shared the gold with Yan Xi, and Chen Zun surrendered to Zheng Liubin. Zhao and Li passed by secretly, and Xiao Zhu made friends. ” They also have their own venues for activities and ways to enjoy and entertain themselves. They have banquets and are happy and contented. This is another lively scene outside the court.
The second level is to describe the nightlife of Chang'an, from the dim dusk to the deeper darkness. On the green mulberry road, cars are like flowing water and horses are like dragons. On one side is a gorgeous prostitute, on the other is a young and handsome knight. In the blue gauze tent and the colorful beaded curtain, the emperor and his beloved concubine, as well as the envoy and Luofu, walked in and out of pairs, leaning on each other, staying together like glue. In the song and dance hall, there is singing and dancing. The princes and nobles, Ge'er ***, are indulged in the dream of feasting and feasting. They spend their lives in such a muddle-headed way, how can they be like Zang Boyu, who "knew that he was wrong at the age of forty-nine years at the age of fifty"? Reality is cruel, and extreme happiness must lead to sadness. Therefore, in the third part (from "Ancient glory and wealth are like floating clouds" to "Luo Shang and Zhai Tingwei"), the poet paints a touching historical picture with his concise and flexible writing style, describing the emperors, generals, ministers, emperors, relatives and relatives of the Western Han Dynasty. The cruel scenes of life-and-death struggle and the warmth and coolness of human nature are vividly written. The careful use of allusions, sophisticated discussions, vivid descriptions, delicate lyricism, awakening questioning, cross-use, and vertical and horizontal manipulations record the life history of the upper class society in the imperial capital with ease. This part focuses on revealing the decadence of the feudal ruling class and its inescapable fate of decline.
"In ancient times, glory and wealth are like floating clouds, and life depends on faith." The ruling class has been the same throughout history. In the Wu Zetian era when the poet lived, there was a fierce struggle for power within the court, and ruthless officials framed Zhongliang for crimes. As the saying goes, "Suddenly, wings are born in the wind, but they are lost in the sand for a moment." Who can control his own destiny? Facing the reality of the Tang Dynasty, the poet sighed helplessly: "It's over, let's go back"! The poet then listed the famous talented people in the Han Dynasty. Their promotion and stagnation did not depend on their personal knowledge and intelligence, but on the likes and dislikes of the rulers.
No matter how good Sima Xiangru was in his poems and poems, Emperor Jing didn't like his poems and had to return to Linqiong to sell wine to make a living. Later, Emperor Wu appreciated his poems and poems and was called a man after being recommended by the dog supervisor. Although Yang Xiong was knowledgeable, the three emperors Cheng, Ai and Ping did not appreciate him, so he could not be promoted. "Ten years without adjustment, only a few times" is a double entendre. It not only refers to Zhang Shizhi's ten years as a knight, but also laments his situation of not being promoted in ten years. Ji An was hated because of his direct advice, and Jia Yi was slandered because of his talent. This ending tactfully expresses the difficulty of being tolerated by loyal people.
Shen Dechen once commented on "The Imperial Capital Chapter": "When writing the Imperial Capital Chapter, you should be high-sounding and present the virtues of the Lord. This is because of your own misfortune, so it begins with prosperity and ends with decline. The first chapter describes the heroism of the situation. "The second chapter describes the extravagance of the princes and nobles. From ancient times to the present, the changes in the world have already happened. This is not the right voice of poetry." Poetry critics have different standpoints and different standards for poetry. , the conclusion is naturally contradictory. Chen Xijin once refuted Shen Youxian and said: "It is said that this is not the case. My husband, Chen Si, Wang Jingluo's chapter, involves cockfighting and horse racing every time; Xie overlooks Jinling's song, never leaving the green water and Zhulou. I have never heard of Ban and Zhang's example, and I studied it with him. The poem was written for the Ministry of Officials, using the story of the Han Dynasty as a metaphor for being born in this dynasty. It is about feelings, not about restraint... At the end of the chapter, there is no intention of asking, and it is revealed in the words. It seems that Jia Sheng is arrogant and thinks that Zhuo Ruo is not the only person in the world to make such a conclusion. According to the current understanding, Shen Youzhen said "the extravagance of the princes and nobles." This is not a shortcoming of the poem, but rather its vitality. The poet used Han affairs to satirize the Tang Dynasty and boldly exposed the debauchery and corruption of the ruling class to the point of "decline", which is also its most practical significance.
The characteristics of "Imperial Capital Chapter", just as Mr. Wen Yiduo commented, are "a grand and eloquent masterpiece, which is a huge change in palace style poetry. It's just that the length is big, it's not important." It is supported by a deep accumulation of power. This power is what the predecessors called "momentum", which is actually emotion. Therefore, Lu Luo's arrival can revive people's souls that have been paralyzed for more than a hundred years. Therefore, Lu Luo has feelings. The work, just as Du Fu predicted, "will not waste the eternal flow of rivers."
This poem was presented to the Minister of Civil Affairs, so the content is more solemn and serious than "The Ancient Meaning of Chang'an", and it is more powerful. big. The form is relatively free and lively. Among the seven words, there are five or three words, and long and short sentences are intertwined, either oscillating or circling. Narration, lyricism, and discussion are all excellent. The words are rich and sonorous. Although it inherits the legacy of Chen Sui, it has become "systematic, elegant and graceful", opening up a broad new path for the style of singing. The creative background of the Imperial Capital Chapter
This poem was written in the third year of the Yuan Dynasty (676) by Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty when the poet was transferred from the martial arts chief to the Mingtang chief. According to the "Old Tang Book·Wenyuan Biography", this poem was also titled "The Emperor Jing Chapter, the Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs". There was a "Qi" in the front of the poem, and the author gave it to Pei Xingjian, the Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs at that time, and it spread throughout the capital. "Thought it was the last song."
Poetry works: The Imperial Capital Chapter Poetry author: King Luo Bin of the Tang Dynasty Poetry classification: Unappreciated talent