(1) image and viewpoint:
Love friends and miss each other, homesick and nostalgic; If you don't meet your talents, you will remember the past and sing praises to history; Love mountains and rivers, retire to the countryside;
Dedicated to the frontier fortress and opposed the battle; Don't envy the powerful and arrogant; Worry about the country and the people;
Determined to serve the country, ambition is hard to pay; Political frustration, bumpy career; Broad-minded and heroic, extraordinary and refined;
Cynicism, depression, depression; Both spirit and form are vivid; Jump out of the paper and be vividly portrayed.
(2) thoughts and feelings:
Quiet, indifferent, calm, calm, strong and fierce pursuit of wood-born sages, loneliness and anger, loneliness and bitterness that are difficult to calm down.
Melancholy, disappointment, lingering, sweet, happy, angry, laughing and cursing, delicate and sincere feelings.
(3) Language:
Features:
Bold, gorgeous, depressed, frustrated, straightforward, naive, elegant, reserved, witty, humorous and clear.
Plain words, gorgeous, simple, fresh, desolate, vigorous, cadence, both form and spirit, poor.
Flowing clouds, clear and smooth.
Function:
Deepen the theme and make the finishing point; Meaningful and intriguing; Without saying a word, it is romantic; Plain words are strange, and common words are dangerous; Chen's ci is new, while Park's ci is colorful. Deeply moving and thought-provoking; The word is near and far-reaching, implicit and meaningful; Sound and rhyme are harmonious and powerful; Incisively and vividly; In one go, catchy; The lingering sound is meaningful.
(4) expression:
Narrating, describing and discussing lyricism (emphasizing lyricism)
Description: positive combination, static and dynamic combination, point-to-surface combination, reality and reality combination.
Combination of reality and fiction: some are true, and none is false; Evidence is truth, and false support is empty; The present is true and the future is empty.
2. The four-character idiom ppt used in China's poetry appreciation is often related to foil. Can be divided into moving into static and moving out of static. For example, Li Bai's "Looking at Lushan Waterfall" and "Looking at Qianchuan Waterfall" describe the first image of the waterfall. From a distance, it looks like a huge white practice hanging in the mountains, and the word "hanging" turns into silence. Another example: Wang Wei's "Mountain in Autumn Night": after the rain, the mountain is empty and stands in autumn night. The crystal stone in the stream, the bamboo language of the laundry girl at home, the lotus leaf in front of the fishing boat, when you are here, your friend's prince, spring has passed, what does it matter? . Couplets describe the bright moon in the sky, pine trees are full of trees, which is a description of static scenery, and the clear mountain spring flows through rocks, which is a description of dynamic scenery. Because of the abundant water after the rain, the mountain spring flows through the rocks and makes a sound, which reflects the tranquility in the mountains. In the appreciation of ancient poetry, the combination of emptiness and reality is relative. There are generally three types of "emptiness" in ancient poetry: the world of gods and ghosts and dreams, such as Li Bai's "Climbing in the Dream of Tianmu Mountain", dressed in colorful clothes, all the clouds in the sky come after the wind, one by one; The scenery that has passed away, such as Su Shi's "Red Cliff Nostalgia", "Talking and laughing, strong crossbows go up in smoke", reproduces the historical facts of burning red cliff; Imagine the future scenery, such as Liu Yong's Rain in the Rain, "Where to wake up tonight, there is a faint breeze on the bank of willow". The "truth" in poetry is a real scene, fact and truth. The combination of "emptiness" and "reality" in ancient poetry is generally manifested as: on the contrary, they form a strong contrast, complement each other and form a rendering contrast. For example, Jiang Kui's ". The real scene is the bleak situation seen by the poet who wrote "Let Wheat Green". An emptiness and a realistic contrast convey the poet's feelings of past prosperity. Another example is Ouyang Xiu's "Walking on the Sand", "Plum blossoms are waiting in the pavilion, willows are sparse on the stream bridge, and the grass is warm and swaying. Sorrow is drifting away, and the distance is like spring water. Inch by inch, my heart softened and my eyes were full of tears. "Through the scene of early spring, I compared the parting feelings of' pedestrians' and wrote emptiness. Through Pedestrian, I wrote the tragic image of missing my wife. The wife misses her husband, and the husband misses his wife. Reality and reality coexist, thus expressing the feelings of parting to the fullest. The combination of light and shade and silence for example: Chai Lu (Wang Wei) "There seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but I think I heard a voice. At dusk, the mountains are deserted and lonely. Occasionally, hearing the voices of a few people not only does not break the mountain, but also makes it more quiet. The last two sentences are the contrast between light and shade: a ray of sunset shoots into a beautiful forest, and the afterglow of sunset hits a piece of moss, which further triggers the feeling of darkness. Here, the sound is quiet, set off and contrasted. (2) Lyrics, which are the expression and expression of the author's thoughts and feelings in an article or work. The relationship between emotion and scenery Poets write poems to express their thoughts and feelings. In order to achieve this goal, he needs to write about scenery-natural or surrounding scenery, to arouse feelings and convey feelings to readers. The handling of emotions and scenery is very important. If handled properly, he will arouse the feelings of readers and let them sing with him. Generally speaking, scenery and emotion are harmonious. Write sad feelings with sad scenes; Happy to write mourning; The scene of mourning, the scene of appreciation, such as: the wind scattered (on the restaurant topic) (Song) in "spring is a long time, the lake is drunk." Yu Qi is used to knowing West Lake Road, and she is arrogant in front of the restaurant. Singing and dancing in the fragrance of red apricots, swinging in the green Yang Ying. The warm wind is ten miles beautiful, and the flowers are over the clouds. The original boat will return in spring, and the rest will be paid. " Tourists go sightseeing by boat, drink, sing and dance, so that readers can fully feel the joy of spring outing. Write "Fifteenth Conscription" in Han Yuefu with a funeral scene. "The 15th draft, eighty years later to return home. Everyone in the village, who is at home? From a distance, it is the royal family, with numerous pine and cypress tombs. Rabbits enter from the dog's sinus, and pheasants fly from the beam. In the atrium, tourists live in the valley, while in the well, tourists live in sunflowers. In the valley, they eat it as a meal and the sunflowers are picked as soup. The soup and rice have been cooked for a while, and I don't know who it is. When I went out and looked east, tears fell on my skirt. " Writing about veterans begins with "I can't join the army at ten, but I have to return it at the age of eighty", focusing on the scenes on his way home and after returning home, mainly using the method of writing about funeral scenes, and focusing on expressing the grief of his family's destruction and helplessness. Write mourning feelings in musical scenes, such as Taicheng (Tang Dynasty), Wei Zhuang's Jiang Yufei Jiang Caoqi, Liang Chen in the Eastern Jin and Song Dynasties (AD 3 17-589). These six dynasties all established their capitals in Nanjing, and they were all short-lived. The Six Dynasties were famous for their luxury. By the Tang Dynasty, the Six Dynasties had passed and extravagance had declined. Therefore, when poets in the Tang Dynasty went to Nanjing to mourn for the past, they were always sad for the Six Dynasties. When they saw the rain, the grass was growing by the river. Very sad. But when I came to Taicheng, I saw beautiful spring scenery, catkins flying and smoke cages lingering ten miles away. He thinks that the natural scenery is still so beautiful, but the personnel are completely different. The glory of the past-gone forever, has added a sadness. Therefore, this short poem not only uses the scene to set off, but also uses the scene contrast, which enhances the appeal and effect of the poem and is a very successful work. Cai Wei: "Once upon a time, I was gone, and Yangliuyiyi. Now that I think about it, it's raining. " Yi-Liu Yang, the beautiful spring scenery is intoxicating, but it is sad to leave; It's raining hard and freezing, but it's time for my husband to go back to his hometown. "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" said: "Write a mourning with a happy scene, and write a mourning with the beautiful scenery of Syaraku, and double his sorrow and joy." In Li Bai's Song of Xia Sai, he wrote: "Five In the snow in Tianshan Mountain are cold without flowers. I heard a bright future, but I didn't see spring scenery. Fight against the golden drum at dawn and hold jade at night. This lofty sentiments are also the center of the whole poem. In this way, we feel the image of a soldier who is not afraid of difficulties and has an iron will. Here, the so-called "mourning" scene, since it is used to set off lofty sentiments, is not an exaggeration.
3. Ask for the four-character idioms and their explanations that are often taken in Chinese exams in senior high schools:
1. Take one step at a time: walk leisurely, just like taking a bus.
2. Resettlement: I miss my hometown and refuse to move easily.
3. White clouds and pale dogs: a metaphor for impermanence.
4, boring: refers to life without relying on thoughts and feelings, spiritual emptiness, feeling meaningless.
5, violent tiger Feng He: Metaphor is foolhardy and reckless.
6, whip in: whip: spur, excited. Richter: It's inside. Refers to applying what you have learned. Describe a speech or article thoroughly and profoundly.
7. Nothing grows: nothing except a corpse. The original meaning is frugal life. Now describe poverty.
8. Don't be shy about asking questions: Don't use them on people smarter than yourself.
9, disappointing: not up to everyone's expectations, derogatory. These two idioms are often used interchangeably.
10, live up to expectations: live up to expectations, praise.
1 1, spread like wildfire: the news spread quickly.
12, Non-publication Theory: Irretrievable Speech.
13, unreasonable: you can't make it clear with reason and describe your attitude as arrogant or ignorant.
14, not seeking Wen Da: not seeking fame and wealth.
15, Disagree: Disagree is correct.
16, not enough training: not worth following as a criterion.
17, looking sideways: looking sideways. Describe hatred or fear and resentment.
18, dissatisfied: barely satisfied.
19, chop and change: it is a metaphor for being capricious and also describes going with the flow.
20, speechless: it is impolite to speak.
2 1, carelessness: this description is short or general, and the latter description is sloppy and careless.
22, too big to be: when: the bottom. Too big and boundless means too big and useless.
23. Celebrate each other by playing the crown: It means that when a person becomes an official or is promoted in officialdom, his associates will celebrate each other and there will be officials to do. A derogatory term.
24, do your duty: when: encounter. Do what you have to do, don't shirk it.
25. The appearance of Tao: the appearance of Tao: solemn appearance. Lan Xiao: Arrogant expression. A person who pretends to be serious.
26. Entering the room: It means that knowledge or skills go from shallow to deep, step by step, and gradually achieve high achievements.
27. Wait a minute: From one level to the next. Get worse.
28. Take it for granted: treat it as usual.
29. Wandering from place to place: describe the hardships of life, frustration, displacement and nowhere to live.
30. Worship: figurative worship to the extreme.
3 1, face to face: describe the enthusiasm and sincerity of the elders.
32. Punishment is not a crime: punishment is not equal to crime, that is, the punishment is too heavy.
33. Sex: willful or used to playing tricks.
34. Piecewise analysis: Describe an orderly and detailed classification or analysis.
35. Contention: Originally, it meant that the host and guest stood on both sides of the courtyard and met with equal courtesy. Later, it was used to describe the status of opposition and equality.
36. Burn ointment: light a lamp and continue during the day (doing things). Describe working or studying hard day and night. Ointment: grease. Burn ointment: light an oil lamp.
37.BLACKPINK's appearance: Make up with BLACKPINK and perform on stage. It is also a metaphor for a bad guy who enters the political arena in disguise.
38. The meeting between the wind and the clouds: a metaphor for the encounter between the monarch and the minister. It also refers to a good opportunity to show your talents.
Tell everyone that when you meet someone, you will praise Xiang Si's talent. Metaphor is keen to make a name for others or praise the benefits of something.
40. Feng Huang Yu Fei: Phoenix and Phoenix. Used to describe the love between husband and wife.
4 1, lamenting and slandering: there is dissatisfaction in the heart and resentment in the heart. Slander: To slander or speak ill of others.
42. Make a face-lift: Metaphor only changes the form, not the content.
43. Change one's course: A metaphor for reforming the system or changing methods can also be written as "change one's course".
44. Empathy: The feeling of gratitude is just like personal experience. Often used instead of others to express gratitude.
45. Open your eyes: When you lift the fishing rope, all the meshes are open. Metaphor grasps the essence of things, and it can drive comprehensiveness. It also means that the article is well organized.
46. Metaphor is aboveboard behavior. Refers to the noble virtue worthy of emulation.
47, strategic location: describe condescending, unstoppable. It is also a metaphor for grasping things at a high level and being able to control them very easily.
48. Everyone has his own place: originally, it means that everyone has his own will, and later, it means that everyone or everything can be properly arranged.
49, fishing for fame: deliberately do things that attract praise and gain fame.
50, high-sounding: describe the appearance of being serious on the surface.
5 1. Speculation: Look at the sky from a bamboo tube and measure the water with a ladle. Metaphor is short-sighted and narrow-minded.
52. Peeking at a leopard in a tube: Peeking at a leopard from a bamboo tube is a metaphor for incomplete observation or understanding. It is also a metaphor to infer the whole picture from part of observation.
4. Four-character idioms come from ancient poems, people have joys and sorrows, and the moon has ups and downs-joys and sorrows.
The old horse is full of ambition, and the martyr is full of courage in his later years-the old horse is full of courage.
On this day last year, in this door, peach blossoms with human faces set each other off into red-peach blossoms with human faces.
Although my body doesn't have the wings of a bright phoenix, I feel the harmonious heartbeat of the sacred unicorn-the heart is connected.
There's a village where there's no road. Shaded willows and blooming flowers ―― beautiful scenery
When you, my love, ride a bamboo horse, run in circles and throw your childhood-childhood friends.
I advise God to stand up again, let go of his talent and not stick to a pattern-stick to a pattern.
Rush angrily to the crown, lean against the railing and rest in the drizzle-rush angrily to the crown.
Riding the Wind and Waves Sometimes and set my cloudy sail straight and bridge the deep, deep sea —— Riding the Wind and Waves Li Bai's Difficult Travel
Spring breeze is full of horseshoe disease, and Chang 'an flowers can be seen in one day-Meng Jiao in Dundeery.
Endlessness is sorrow, and the ends of the earth are thoughts-endless, endless "stepping on the sand"
If you wait to see the east wind, it is always spring-Zhu's spring.
Tender as water, courteous as a dream, forbearing to go home from Magpie Bridge —— Qin Guan in the fairy of Magpie Bridge.
People have joys and sorrows, and the moon is full of ups and downs. It's difficult to complete this matter-Su Dongpo's Water Tune
Helpless flowers fall, deja vu —— Helpless Yan Shu in Huanxisha
Despite the hardships, all yellow sand is gold —— Liu Yuxi's Langtaosha
Things are people, not everything. If you want to say something, don't shed tears first —— Things are people, not Li Qingzhao in Wuling Chun
5. four words about ancient poetry: mountains and heavy waters are doubtful and there is no way, and there is another village. A Tour of Shanxi Village is a land tour.
Flowers fall helpless, deja vu. Yan Shu in Huanxisha (Helpless)
Waiting for the east wind will always be spring. Zhu's Spring Day.
I suggest that God stand up again, let go of his talents and don't stick to a pattern. Gong Zizhen, Ji Hai's chores (not stick to one pattern)
Don't be afraid of being smashed to pieces, but leave innocence in the world. Ode to Lime was written by Yu Qian.
The cloud pool is full of shadows, and things have changed for years. Poems by Wang Bo and Teng Wangge (Things change)
Spring breeze is full of horseshoe disease, and you can see all the flowers in Chang 'an in one day. Meng Jiao (full of spring breeze)
People have joys and sorrows, and the moon has ups and downs. It was difficult to accomplish in ancient times. Su Shi (sad)
The earth endures, and the sky endures; One day both will end, and this endless sadness will last forever. Bai Juyi's Song of Everlasting Sorrow (Forever)
The iron was not sold, and it was washed away by the former dynasty. "Red Cliff" Du Mu (breaking the halberd and sinking the sand)
Ask where the canal is so clear, because there is running water at the source. Thoughts on Reading by Zhu (Source of Living Water)
Fire tree silver flower pass, star bridge lock. On the fifteenth night of the first month, Su Weidao (fire tree and silver flower)
Just like in the old days, Ma Rulong was full of traffic, and the spring breeze was blooming every month. Looking at Jiangnan from afar Li Yu (traffic)
A thousand voices were silent, except for the bell. A Buddhist retreat is often built behind the Broken Mountain Temple (when all is silent).