Only when there is danger, Jianmen (1) is stronger than the world.
Even the mountains embrace the southwest, and the stone corners face the north.
The two cliffs worship and lean against each other, depicting the shape of battlements.
A lady is angry, but millions of people can't get close (4).
Zhu Yu walked in the Central Plains, and he was very miserable.
Before the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, chickens and dogs were released.
The late king (6) was still soft and far away, and the official tribute (7) and Tao (8) were lost.
So far, heroes look up to bullies.
Both annexation (9) and separatist regime (10) tried their best not to give in.
I really can kill, I want to shovel!
I'm afraid it will happen again. The breeze is silent.
I. Description
(1): In the north of Jiange County, Sichuan Province. According to the Annals of the Qing Dynasty: "Sichuan Baoning House: Dajianshan is 25 miles north of Jianzhou. The cutting of the mountain wall is interrupted, and the two cliffs are embedded, such as opening the door to plant a sword, so it is also called Jianmen Mountain. "
(2): It is beneficial to local governments.
(3): Seeing is the enemy of the Central Plains court.
(4): Use Li Bai's "Difficult Road to Shu" in which "one person's strength is above ten thousand people". Next to: near.
(5): Minshan Mountain and Emei Mountain are both in Sichuan.
(6): refers to the Xia, Shang and Zhou kings.
(7): Specially refers to the tribute. Zhou Li: "Do what you can; Make it a tribute, and each has its own place. "
(8): that is, the way of "chicken and dog are open separately".
(9): refers to kings, such as Qin Shihuang.
(10): refers to bullies, such as Gongsun Shu and Liu Bei.
Second, the creative background
In March 759 (the second year of Tang Suzong Gan Yuan), 600,000 soldiers of the Tang Dynasty were defeated in Yecheng. The provinces took the opportunity to expand their power and compete with the Tang Dynasty for the world. The Tang Dynasty fell into a state of disintegration. When Du Fu moved to Chengdu from Qinzhou Tonggu with his family in December this year, he passed through Jianmen. He marveled at the danger of the terrain, linked it with the Anshi Rebellion caused by the forces of the buffer region, realized that the land of Jiannan was easily acquired by warlords, and expressed deep concern about the future of the country.
Third, appreciate
The first eight sentences of this poem are abrupt, describing the author's stunned expression when he first saw Jianmen Mountain. Such a strange and spectacular mountain is really made in heaven! The mountains are connected and surround the southwest, and the stone corners on the mountains all point to the north. Two cliffs are towering, like walls and walls, like battlements. As long as one person is angry and hides, even a million people dare not approach! These vivid descriptions, on the one hand, directly describe the grandeur, precipitousness and grandeur of the mountain by the method of fu, showing great momentum and vividness, which makes people feel immersive. Yang Lun said, "Since Song Qi knew Chengdu, he has recited the first four poems of Du Fu, sighing that they were really recorded." The poem (Du Shi Jing Quan) uses the words "danger" and "strength" to describe the sword gate, and the whole article originates from these two words. On the other hand, it is more important that this poem adopts the method of "promoting fu" and embodies profound political thoughts. In particular, the phrase "even the mountains embrace the southwest, and the stone corners all face north" is rich in meaning and intriguing. Pu Yin long read Du Xinjie and said, "People take land risks as the basis" and "embrace the southwest and take pleasure as protection; Go north and see our enemies clearly. I want to shovel the pile of roots at the end of the text. " The poet has clearly realized from the steep mountains that such a dangerous geographical environment is easy to be used by careerists and is in danger of leaving the central dynasty and local separatist regime at any time. The Stone Corner, which describes mountains on the surface, actually symbolizes local warlords with ulterior motives.
On the basis of concrete description, the author expresses his views on current affairs. The poet first wrote that the current imperial court exploited the people, and things like pearls and jade went to the Central Plains day by day, so the Shu people were very poor, and even Minshan Mountain and Emei Mountain felt sorry for them. Among them, the word "Zou" is adapted from the biography of Han Shi, and there are six clouds: "Out of the rivers and seas, jade comes out of Kunshan, and those who are not satisfied are still good." This tactfully pointed out the exploitation and exploitation of Sichuan people by the Tang Dynasty, thus revealing the reasons why the world made enemies. Later, the author changed his pen and expressed his views from a historical perspective. Recall that in ancient times, Sichuan did not reach the Central Plains. At that time, people were indifferent, and even chickens and dogs were casually put. After the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, although the policy of appeasement was carried out in distant places, the appointment and tribute of its officials set a precedent for future generations to impose exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous levies, and gradually lost control of its arrogance, leading to the arrogance of local warlords, dominating the world, giving way to each other, killing each other and being inextricably linked. Every sentence of these arguments is about history, and every sentence is related to reality.
In the last four sentences, the poet expressed his strong anger at those who started the war and split the motherland, and his worries about the future of the motherland. The poet said: I want to condemn God, and I really want to level the mountain. I can't help feeling depressed and silent when I think that something will happen again in the future! These last four sentences are very important and are the key to the whole poem. "Crime Really Killing" and "Shovel Overlapping" echo the strong and dangerous description at the beginning of the article, which makes the above description be implemented; "Afraid of this happening again" is a summary of the arguments of "annexation" and "separatist regime", which further expresses anxiety about the future situation. Mr. Chen Yiyun said: "Poets are worried about two points: First, the sword gate is a natural barrier, which is conducive to warlords to seize danger. It has existed since ancient times and is difficult to protect today; Second, the land of abundance is rich in products. If the requirements are too high, it will inevitably make enemies and create chaos. This is the theme of this poem. " This deep anxiety makes the ending of the poem more gloomy and powerful. However, in the last sentence, the author deliberately made a remark that "the breeze is silent and melancholy", which vividly portrayed the poet's unspeakable image, vaguely revealed his helpless mood and gave people a carefree meaning. Poetry rises, changes in the middle, and finally falls slightly. The rise of the whole poem is like a raging tide, and the characters move around, vividly showing the process of the author's mood change in front of the readers, thus realizing the grandeur and vastness of the poem.
Fourth, historical evaluation.
Yang Lun commented on this poem in Du Shi Jing Quan: "Debate is rhyme, at least Ling is extreme, Shao Ling is so extreme at this point, and his pen is powerful, and he wants to drive the inscription on Jiange directly." Du Fu's comments in poems are the first in the Song Dynasty, but they are also different from the general Song Dynasty. On the one hand, the poet's discussion is closely combined with the description of scenery and personnel, and the discussion is based on vivid images and naturally comes into being. On the other hand, the author is full of passion in his exposition, and his words touch the hearts of readers, so they are not boring. On the other hand, the author's comments are aimed at the real society in various places, so they are not ambiguous.
A brief introduction to the author of verb (abbreviation of verb)
Du Fu (7 12-770) was born in Gongxian County (now Gongyi, Henan Province). Du Fu's great-grandfather (Du Fu's father) moved from Xiangyang (now Hubei) to Gongxian (now Gongyi, Henan). A great realistic poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. About 65,438+0,500 of his poems have been preserved, and his poetic skills are exquisite. His influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poetry is also called "the history of poetry". Du Fu and Li Bai are both called "Du Li". In order to distinguish it from the other two poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, namely "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li".
Du Fu's poems are called "the history of poetry" because many of his poems are depressed and worried about the country and the people. Du Fu's poems are good at classical style and rhythmic poetry, and have various styles. He accurately summed up his work style with the words "depressed and frustrated", mainly focusing on depression. Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Most of his poems involve social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings. His poems reflected the social contradictions and people's sufferings at that time. His poems recorded the historical changes of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and expressed the lofty Confucian spirit of benevolence and strong sense of hardship, so they were called "the history of poetry". Du Fu is concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills. Du Fu wrote more than 1500 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been handed down from generation to generation, such as Three Officials, Three Farewells and Du Gongbu Collection. Among them, the "three officials" are Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and the "three farewell" are newly married, homeless and resigned. Du Fu's poems handed down from generation to generation are the most extensive in the Tang Dynasty, and he is one of the most outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Du Fu's works are known as the scars of the world and the sages in poetry. The people are in poverty, and the bottom of the pen is turbulent.
Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" ancient novel, which is also a history of poetry, begins to narrate and focus on the whole story, marking the high achievement of China's poetry art. Du Fu also showed extraordinary creativity in the May 7th law, and accumulated complete artistic experience in the aspects of temperament, antithesis, refining words and sentences, which made this genre reach a fully mature stage. Du Gongbu has been handed down from generation to generation. His works include Imperial Army Recovering the Banks of the Yellow River, Wang Chun, Jueju and Wang Yue.
Six, the traditional control
Volume 2 18_42 Jianmen Du Fu
Only when there is danger, the sword gate is stronger than the world.
Lianshan is in the southwest and Shijiao is in the north.
The two cliffs worship and lean against each other, depicting the shape of battlements.
And while one man guards it, beyond my reach.
Zhu Yu walked in the Central Plains, and he was very miserable.
Before the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, chickens and dogs were released.
The late king was still soft and far away, and the late tribute road was lost.
So far, heroes look up to bullies.
Annexation and division, trying to outdo each other.
I will really kill the crime and plan to shovel the chapter.
I'm afraid it will happen again. The breeze is silent.