Poetry title: "Ziyu Debate". Real name: Zuo Qiuming. Era: Pre-Qin. Birthplace: Junzhuang, the capital of the State of Lu (now Feicheng, Shandong). Main works: "The Debate on Cao GUI", "Zhu Zhiwu Retreats the Qin Army", "Zheng Burke Duan Yu Yan/Doing More Unrighteousness Will Destroy Yourself", "Confrontation between Zhou and Zheng", "Shi_Admonishing Favoring Zhouxu", etc. Main achievements: authored the chronological history book "Zuo Zhuan" and China's first national style history book "Guoyu". Belief: Confucianism.
We provide you with a detailed introduction to "Still Fearful" from the following aspects:
1. For the full text of "Ziyu Debate", click here to view "Ziyu Debate" The details
In the spring of the second year of the twentieth year, when the public attacked Zhu,
Take the sentence. In Xia, Duke Song, Marquis Wei, Xu Nan, and Teng Zi attacked Zheng. In autumn, at the end of the eighth month, the Zhu people fought at Shengxing.
Winter, the eleventh month of the twelfth lunar month has just begun,
Song Gong and the Chu people fought in Hong, and the Song army was defeated.
The Chu people attacked Song Dynasty to save Zheng. Song Gong will fight.
Da Sima Gu admonished: "Heaven has abandoned Shang for a long time.
You are about to revive it, so I can't forgive it.
" Don't listen. On the first day of the eleventh month of winter, the Duke of Song and the people of Chu fought in Hong. The people of the Song Dynasty were already in line, but the people of the Chu Dynasty were not ready. Sima said:
"I have few people, and they have not been able to help me.
Please attack them." The Duke said:
"No." The relief was not arranged in a row, but it was reported again. The Duke said:
"It's not possible." After Chen Chen attacked him,
Song's army was defeated. Public injury unit,
The gate officer wiped out Yan. Everyone in the country blames the public.
The Duke said: "A gentleman is not seriously injured,
not a bird or two feathers. In ancient times, it was an army,
not to block the passes. Even if the country is destroyed, a few people will die. ,
If you don’t drum, you can’t form a line.” Ziyu said:
“You don’t know how to fight. _The enemy is narrow and can’t form a line. God praises me. Yes.
Isn’t it okay to block it?
There is still fear!
They are all our enemies. And Hu_,
Get it, what's the use of Ermao?
It's shameful to teach war, and you want to kill the enemy.
The injury is not fatal. How not to be serious?
If you love a serious injury, then don’t hurt it;
It can be used to block narrow passages;
It can be used to promote ambition.
2. Translation
In the spring of the 20th year, the Duke of Chu attacked Xuju. In the summer, Song Gong, Wei Hou, Xu Nan, and Teng Zi attacked Zheng. On the first day of the eleventh month, Duke Xianggong of the Song Dynasty and the Chu people fought in Hong, and the Song army was defeated.
The Chu army attacked the Song State to rescue the Zheng State. Heaven has abandoned the Shang Dynasty for a long time. The king wants to revive it, but if he can't, please forgive the Chu State. "Xiangong refused to listen. Song Xianggong and the people of Chu were fighting at Hongshui. The Song army had already lined up for battle, but not all the people of Chu had crossed Hongshui. Ziyu said: "The other side has many people and we have few. Let's take advantage of this. Since they have not all crossed the river, please attack them. Song Xianggong said: "No." "All the Chu troops crossed the river, but they had not yet formed their formation. (Ziyu) reported to (Song Xianggong) again. Song Xianggong said: "It's not good yet. "(Chu Army) set up their formation (Song Army) before attacking the Chu Army. The Song Army was defeated, Song Xianggong was injured in the thigh, and the monarch's guards were killed.
The Chu people attacked Song to save Zheng. Song The general will fight. Grand Sima Gu admonishes: "Heaven has abandoned Shang for a long time, and the emperor has promoted it, so it is impossible to forgive him. "Don't listen. On the first day of the eleventh month of winter, the Duke of Song and the people of Chu fought in Hong. The people of Song had already formed a line, but the people of Chu had not yet aided them. Sima said, "I have few of them, and they have not aided yet. Please attack them." Of. "The public said: "No. "Since it was helpful but not in line, it was also reported. The public said: "It's not possible. "After Chen Chen attacked him, the Song army was defeated. When the public was injured, the gate officers wiped out Yan.
The people of the country blamed Song Xianggong. Xianggong said: "A gentleman will no longer hurt those who have been injured, and will not take prisoners with gray hair. old man. The ancient principle of using troops was not to rely on dangerous terrain to stop the enemy. Although I am a descendant of those who lost my country, I do not attack enemies who are not in formation. Ziyu said: "My lord does not know how to fight." Facing a powerful enemy, (the enemy) is not in a formation due to the difficult terrain. This is God helping us. Isn't it also okay to hinder and attack them? What else is there to be afraid of? And now the powerful ones are all our enemies. Even if you are a very old man, you can capture him as soon as you can. Why do you care about the grey-haired enemy? Teach soldiers to fight and make them know that retreat is a shame to inspire the courage to fight. Teach soldiers to master the methods of fighting in order to kill the enemy. (The enemy) is injured but not dead yet, why can't we kill them again? If you pity (them, unwilling) to hurt the injured enemy, it is better not to hurt them in the first place; if you pity the grey-haired enemy, it is better to surrender (to the enemy). The army moved based on favorable timing, and gongs and drums were used to inspire soldiers' courage. Taking advantage of favorable opportunities, when (the enemy) encounters danger, (we) can attack. The sound is rich and grand, which enhances the soldiers' fighting will and can attack unorganized enemies. "
3. Notes
Song Gong: Song Xianggong, named after his father.
In 638 BC, Song attacked Chu and Chu rescued Zheng. In the winter of this year, the two armies of Song and Chu fought in Hong. .
Da Sima: The official position in charge of military affairs and military tax, here refers to Gongsun Gu.
Hong: Hongshui is located in the west of Zhecheng County in present-day Henan Province.
Already: Already.
Ji: to get through.
Sima: The senior officer in charge of the army. This refers to Mu Yi, whose courtesy name is Ziyu.
Announcement: report.
Chen: Tong "formation" is used as a verb here, which means to set up a formation.
Failure: a big defeat.
Share: Thigh.
Menguan: the monarch’s bodyguard.
Blame: blame, blame, accuse. Heavy (chóng from) again.
Qin: means "capture", captive.
Ermao: A person with gray hair, referring to the elderly.
Hinder: Force. Narrow, dangerous. Don't force yourself to put yourself in danger.
Idiot: The king calls himself.
After the country was subjugated: the descendants of those who subjugated the country. Duke Xianggong of the Song Dynasty was a descendant of the Shang Dynasty, which died in the Zhou Dynasty.
Drum: drumming (marching) is a noun used as a verb. Strong enemy, powerful enemy.
_: Powerful.
Ai: It is used as a verb here, and it is in a dangerous place.
Like: Help. Line up for battle. Very old people.
Hu: Old.
Why Yu Ermao: It means that you don’t care about the gray-haired enemy.
Understand shame: Make people understand what shame is.
Teaching combat: teaching combat skills.
Love is seriously injured: pity the injured enemy.
Submit: (to the enemy).
Three armies: During the Spring and Autumn Period, the great states had three armies, namely, the upper army, the middle army, and the lower army. This generally refers to the military.
Use: apply, here refers to combat.
Golden Drum: In ancient times, when fighting, drums were beaten to advance the troops, and gold was sounded to withdraw the troops. Metal clicker.
Voice: Boost morale. Unorganized refers to an army that is not in formation.
4. Appreciation
This article shows that Song Xianggong is a short-sighted monarch. Since we want to talk about kindness, why should we be enemies with others? Since we are enemies, we talk about kindness again. It's really inconsistent. If you want to be kind to your enemies, you must first be in an invincible position before you can say it. Otherwise, not only will you be injured, but you will lose your life, and you will also lose the ability to be kind. Otherwise, we must eliminate the enemy invisible. I will not be everyone’s enemy, and everyone will not regard me as their enemy. That is the greatest kindness! Song Xianggong’s kindness to his enemies is also cruelty to himself, Ziyu In the meantime, it seems very unlucky to assist such a "womanly" monarch. The author mainly depicts a corrupt and ignorant monarch.
In 638 BC, Song and Chu fought for hegemony in the Central Plains, and a war broke out near Hongshui River. At that time, the State of Zheng was close to the State of Chu. In order to weaken the State of Chu, Song Xianggong sent troops to attack the State of Zheng. The Chu State sent troops to attack Song Dynasty to rescue Zheng, and this war broke out. The situation at that time was that Chu was strong and Song was weak. At the beginning of the war, the situation was favorable to the Song army, but Song Xianggong clung to the pedantic doctrine that a gentleman "does not take advantage of others' danger" and refused to accept Ziyu's correct opinions, which resulted in a missed opportunity and a tragic defeat. Ziyu's views are in sharp contrast to Song Xianggong's obstinacy. Ziyu is the name of Mu Yi, the half-brother of Song Xianggong. He advocated seizing the opportunity to attack the enemy when he was unprepared, taking a preemptive strike, and completely annihilating the enemy's effective forces, so as to win the war.
The first half of the article describes the course of the war and the tragic defeat of Song Xianggong. The second half writes Ziyu's refutation of Song Xianggong's pedantic arguments: in general, he first said "You don't know how to fight", and then refuted "don't stop it" "The pass", "No drums, no formations", then refuted "no birds and two feathers", "no serious injuries", and finally pointed out the correct approach. In just a few words, the pros and cons are discussed very thoroughly.
Chen Nian, Duke Xianggong of the Song Dynasty, was stubborn, stubborn and closed-minded, and only used the name of benevolence and righteousness to capture the hearts of the princes. How can war tolerate such pedantic people? He has neither the ability to judge the situation nor the unique talent of discernment. It was in vain that he invaded Zheng and set himself on fire in Hong. In vain, Ziyu and other wise men were killed violently on the wall of dung. Is this what the Spring and Autumn Overlord looks like? If you don't have the strength to back you up, God won't give up. If you really have a heart of benevolence and righteousness, you can treat the people of the world with broad principles and good talents. Why bother if the Song Dynasty is not strong and its hegemony cannot be achieved?
Sadly, the mind is not correct and unwise, so what’s the point of not being defeated?
Every sentence Ziyu discusses is pertinent, to the point, and without pretense. All focus on war practice. Isn't it a pity that such talented people have fallen into the shadow of Xianggong and lost a lifetime of hard study.
This one fish, and thousands of fish, will never meet the golden platform of Yanzhao.
This one Xianggong, and thousands of Xianggongs are all good people who have been destroyed by water and fire.
It will be like this for thousands of years, and it will remain the same forever.
5. Other poems by Zuo Qiu Ming
"On the Battle of Cao GUI", "Uncle Jian Cries for the Master", "Zhu Zhiwu Retreats the Qin Master", "Zheng Bo Duan Yu Yan/Many Unjust Conducts" "You will definitely kill yourself", "Zhou Zheng cross-examined". Poems from the same dynasty
"Song of Picking Wei", "The First Month of the Spring King", "Song People and Chu People Ping", "Wu Zi Envoy Comes to Recruit", "Yu Shi Jin Shi Destroyed Xia Yang", "Zheng Beike Duan Yu Yan", "Zeng Shen Cooking Pigs", "Zhizi Suspicious of Neighbors", "Shi Kuang Confronted Jin Ping Gong", "Indiscriminate Yu is Filled with Numbers".
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