It truly describes the thoughts, feelings, actions and language of county officials, customs officials, old women, old people, brides, husbands and others in a specific environment, vividly reflects the social reality of that period and the profound disasters and pains of working people, and shows people tragic life tragedies. In these descriptions of the hardships of life, on the one hand, the poet has deep sympathy for the people who have suffered greatly, and hates the enslavement and persecution of the people by officials; On the other hand, he supported the counter-insurgency war of the dynasty and hoped that the people would suffer hardships and cooperate with the dynasty to put down the rebellion.
This complex and contradictory thought accords with the poet's thought of worrying about the country and the people. Wild old wild old fence back to the river bank, Chai Men is not open by the river.
Fishermen's nets gather under Chengtan, and Jia passenger ships come to accompany the light. What is the meaning of the cloud on the piano platform after a long journey of worrying about the sad Jiange? Julian Waghann didn't report to Dong Jun, and Anthony wong drew a corner of the city gate.
The appreciation of this poem was written in the first year of Shangyuan (760), and Du Fu just settled down in the thatched cottage in the western suburbs of Chengdu. After years of wandering, he finally had a place to rest, which made him feel gratified.
However, the reality of the country's destruction and the waste of the people impacted his heart and made him unable to be quiet. This poem reveals this subtle and profound emotional fluctuation in his heart.
On the third day of the third month, the weather is fresh, two people are on the road, and many beautiful women are walking in Chang 'an seaside. Good at accepting, indifferent, sweet, sincere, delicate in texture, even flesh and blood.
Embroidered gold and silver silk unicorn in late spring. Cui hangs his temples and leaves his lips.
The jewelry skirt behind them is safer. Several of them are relatives of the imperial concubine and two wives of Guo and Qin.
The red hump is taken from the jade roast chicken, and the fragrant fish is held in a crystal tray. The exquisite phoenix meat cleaver is rarely used. The eunuch flew away, afraid to raise the dust, and the cook came to the sea, enjoying delicacies.
Xiao Guan mourned ghosts and gods, and guests gathered in courtiers, all of whom were officials. How arrogant a horse owner is. He dismounted from the embroidered carpet and went into the tent.
White apples covered with snow, bluebirds find their way with scarlet handkerchiefs. But power can be as hot as a flame and burn people's fingers. Be alert to the Prime Minister and pay attention to his frown.
Appreciate this seven-character ancient poem, written in the spring of 753, the twelfth year of Tianbao. At that time, Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, lived a corrupt life and became more and more fond of Yang Guifei.
The Yang brothers and sisters got rich because of nepotism. In the 11th year of Tianbao (752), Yang became the right prime minister after Li, and Yang's three sisters were also named the country's wife.
The five Yang families bully the city and lead a parasitic and decadent life. The relationship between Yang and Mrs Wei is even uglier.
This poem profoundly exposes and satirizes the arrogance, debauchery, shameless ugliness and crimes of this small group of people. The whole poem tries to spread out in one breath.
The language is fresh and harmonious. Every sentence means irony, and the pen runs through the back of the paper.
[Reference]: Selected Poems of Du Fu and Zhou Meng, Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity by Heilongjiang People's Publishing House 1980.6 (I): The maple tree in Youlufeng withered, and the Wuxia in Wushan was miserable. Between the river and the sky, the waves are rough and the clouds are covered with fog.
Cong Ju shed tears the other day. She was alone in the boat. Cold clothes push knives and rulers everywhere, and Baidicheng is anxious.
It is not uncommon for poor poets, scholars at all times and in all countries to be beggars. Du Fu failed to make an appointment during his first few years in Chang 'an. Later, when his father died, he lost a fixed source of income and his life was more difficult. His grandson Du Ji lives in the southern suburbs of Chang 'an. In order to disturb a meal, he often walks around, but his grandson's life is not comfortable. He was unhappy to see his elders coming, but he couldn't say anything. He just showed it by his actions: digging rice well and swinging hard. Cutting vegetables in the garden, let it go.
Du Fu was deeply touched by this and wrote "Revealing from Ji Sun", "I don't know who is right or wrong. There are many amazing doors. I'm looking for my grandson.
Small people are honest, but thin customs are hard to say. It's a clan, not a dish.
Don't be suspected by the outside world. The same surname "Gu Suodun" is a manifestation of the bleak mood after being left out by the "clan". Of course, there are also many friends to help.
Once Du Fu got malaria, his face was pale and emaciated, his head was white, and he almost died. After recovering from a serious illness, he went out on crutches and unconsciously came to Wang Yi's door.
Seeing Du Fu like this, Wang Yi was very sympathetic. He bought meat and wine and treated him warmly. Du Fu expressed his gratitude to him with the poem "Drinking after Illness": "But I only want to meet you for a long time when I am full in my old age."
In fact, since then, Du Fu has lived a life of begging everywhere intentionally or unintentionally. His poem "Vote for Men in Hua Xian and Hua Xian Counties" "Hungry, that is, ten days, how can my clothes be tied together?" It is a true portrayal of his life in Chang 'an.
"Yunxian Miscellaneous Notes Flying Cicada at Night" quoted "Farewell Collection": "Every friend of Du Fu arrives and leads his wife. Wei retired when he saw it, and asked his wife to send cicadas at night to help him make up for it. "
The husband is poor, and the wife naturally looks shabby. Du Fu didn't think so himself, but the guests really couldn't see it, so he asked his wife to send a headdress. Later, Du Fu was forced to leave Chang 'an and go to Chengdu. At first, the family stayed in an ancient temple near Huanhuaxi, and the family couldn't open the pot.
Du Fu himself recorded: "The entrance is still empty, my wife sees me of the same color, and the idiot doesn't know the father-son ceremony, so he is angry and begs and sings." The child is too hungry to stand, so he doesn't care about the father and son's gifts. He made a hullabaloo about to his father and asked him to go to his neighbor's house for a meal.
There is no way. Du Fu, who worked as a small official for a few days, could not keep his face, so he had to bite the bullet and leave a face, and sent a letter of help to his fellow villager and Pengzhou secretariat Gao Shi: "A hundred years have passed, and the autumn solstice turns to hunger and cold. When is Pengzhou animal husbandry difficult to save? " Gao Shi sent rice from a hundred miles away to help him, and the neighborhood cooked some side dishes for him, which saved him from cooking without rice.
Du Fu has a poem to prove it: "Monks in ancient temples are in prison, but empty tenants live there. The old man offered rice, neighbors and garden vegetables. "
Shu Zhen bo made Yanwu admire Du Fu's name and recommend him as a foreign minister of the Ministry of Supervision. That's how Du Gongbu came. Yin Peimian, a friend, also chose a beautiful place for him in the upper reaches of Huanhuaxi and built a hut, which is the Du Fu Caotang we see now.
In 765 AD, a month after Yanwu's death, Du Fu left Chengdu by boat with his wife and children. Six years later, according to "Biography of Wen Yuan in the Old Tang Dynasty": "Go back to Hunan, visit Hengshan Mountain and live in Leiyang.
2. Poems that represent Du Fu's realistic style and tragic flavor of the times, but the dominant style of Du Fu's poems began to take shape on the eve of An Shi Rebellion, and in the following decades, it grew up in the misery of world collapse and wailing.
Therefore, the confident and romantic poetry that flowed in those years came to an abrupt end when Du Fu came here. During the wandering journey, Du Fu, with a heavy sense of responsibility for the fate of the country and the nation, stared at the land of bloodshed and tears, faithfully depicting the face of the times and his inner sadness.
This creative tendency of going deep into the society, caring about the sufferings of politics and people's livelihood and attaching importance to realism, and a series of changes in language expression brought about by it, not only marked a major turning point in the content and style of Tang poetry, but also had a far-reaching impact on the development of poetry from the middle Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty. However, some important features of Tang poetry are still reflected in Du Fu's poetry creation.
Although passion is restrained in his poems, it can still be felt; Magnificent beauty is still a poet's hobby. Most of his current political poems are the expression and crystallization of sincere feelings, rather than taking the predetermined social utility as the primary starting point.
From these aspects, Du Fu has a deep connection with the culture of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. First, Du Fu's life experience and personality family gave him orthodox Confucian cultural upbringing and his ambition to make a difference in his official career.
Therefore, in his life, the idea of jumping out of the world rarely occupied his mind. In addition, the Tang Dynasty was an era of paying attention to poetry, and Du Shenyan, Du Fu's grandfather, was the most famous poet in Wuhou, which deepened Du Fu's interest in poetry.
He once proudly said to his son, "Poetry is my family." (The Holy Day of Zongwu) Pursuing official career and immortal poetic titles, * * * isomorphic became Du Fu's life track.
In the late Tianbao period, although the Tang society maintained superficial prosperity, there were crises lurking everywhere. This is mainly manifested in three aspects: first, Xuanzong and his border generals' policy of wholeheartedly expanding their territory and resorting to war led to empty national strength and difficult people's livelihood, and many people died innocently; Second, Xuanzong indulged in pleasure, while Li, Yang and others acted arbitrarily, blocking the road of speech and making politics gloomy; Third, An Lushan, who was favored by Xuanzong, served as an envoy for three times, holding a military symbol in his hand, threatening national unity.
People in adversity are easy to see the ills in reality. When the great collapse came, Du Fu saw the misfortune of the country and people through his personal misfortune. In the 11th year of Tianbao (752), Du Fu wrote his masterpiece Chedian, which recorded the tragic picture of people being driven to the battlefield to die with a serious attitude.
This poem marks the transformation of Du Fu's poetry. Since then, he has written nine more poems and continued to question the disastrous border war. Write "Two Ways" to expose the extravagant life of the relatives of Princess Yang Yuhuan, whom Xuanzong loved.
And the long poem "Chanting 500 Words from Beijing to Fengxian" contrasts the situation of the supreme ruling clique's drunken dream with the plight of the people's hunger and cold, and summarizes the darkness and irrationality of society with such a shocking poem as "The wine and meat in Zhumen stink and the road freeze to death". After the Anshi Rebellion broke out, Du Fu was once trapped in Chang 'an occupied by rebels.
Later, he fled to Tang Suzong alone, and was stationed in Fengxiang, where he was appointed as the left gleaner. This is the eighth-grade disciplinarian. Although the position is not high, this is Du Fu's only experience in serving in the central government.
But it wasn't long before Su Zong was angered by the Shanghai Book God's strike to protect his family, and was later dismissed as the fourth duke of Huazhou, Gan Yuanchu, who joined the army. Due to the war and famine, Du Fu was unable to support his family and was disappointed in his career. In the second year of Gan Yuan (759), he abandoned his official position and went to Shu, when Shu was stable and prosperous.
From the outbreak of An Shi Rebellion to Du Fu's four years in Sichuan, the whole country was in a violent shock, the dynasty was in danger, a large number of people died, and Du Fu's own life was full of danger and hardship. His poetry creation, nourished by blood and tears, reached its peak.
A large number of masterpieces handed down from generation to generation, such as Spring Watch, Moonlit Night, Sad Chen Tao, Sad Qing Ban, Northern Expedition, Qiangzhai, Three Officials and Three Farewells, gushed from the poet's thoughtful pen. There was a serious military rebellion between the two towns of Shu, and Du Fu once fled with his family.
A violent turmoil turned into a continuous decline, which made Du Fu more disappointed with the future of the country. His later poems and emotions were even heavier than those during the An Shi Rebellion. The eleventh year of "Wandering in the Southwest between Heaven and Earth" (one of the five poems of "Yong Huai Bei") is also an important period for Du Fu's poetry creation, leaving more than 1,000 poems, accounting for more than two-thirds of the total number of his poems in Du Gongbu Collection.
The two banks of the Yellow River were recaptured by the imperial army, Wu Lang again, Qiu Xing, General, Memory of Historic Sites and Going Abroad One Night are all outstanding masterpieces of this period. Especially around the two years of living in Kuizhou, Du Fu's poetry creation has reached a state of perfection, which can be said to be the second peak of Du Fu's poetry.
("Thirty Poems of Autumn Rhyme in Jingnan") How can a person with the ambition of "Prime Minister of Taiping" become an unemployed person and a beggar without feeling deep pain? These poems are completely different from Li Bai's confession, "Oh, how can I bow and scrape to dignitaries, and no one wants to be treated honestly?" But they are similar in essence. Du Fu's concern for the country and society in his poems is out of true feelings, but it does not mean that he is spiritually self-improving and self-saving when he feels that he was born in mediocrity and useless in the world.
Persistence in life belief and political ideal is also a major feature of Du Fu's personality. Some people in later generations said that Du Fu was the "master of Zhuang", and Du Fu's poems also called themselves "Gan Kun, a rotten scholar" (Jianghan), all based on this persistent attitude.
The so-called "Yao and Shun are supreme" and the so-called "love for people and things" are just empty words and a kind of flaunt for many people, but Du Fu sincerely believes in and implements them. Moreover, Confucianism has a way to advance and retreat, that is, "poverty is the only way to help the world, and success is the way to help the world", but Du Fu is unwilling to do so. He is preoccupied with the world regardless of poverty.
Even, the more social collapse and chaos, the more he wants to publicize his political ideals. He believes that although "all countries have exhausted it" ("The Boat of Gangneung Nanpu" was sent to Zheng Shaoyin for trial), he can finally change the reality with a little manpower.
3. Du Fu's realistic poem "The Cottage Was Blown by Autumn Wind".
Du Fu
In August and autumn, the wind roared and rolled up my three hairs.
Hair flew over the river and sprinkled on the periphery of the river. The highest one hangs a long forest tip, and the lower one floats to Shentang 'ao.
The children in Nancun bully me. I can stand being a thief.
Openly holding the hair in the bamboo, my lips are dry and I can't breathe, and I sigh when I return.
The wind in Russia sets the color of clouds and ink, and the desert becomes dark in autumn.
This cloth has been as cold as iron for many years, and Joule has been lying down and cracking.
There is no dry place in the bedside table, and the feet are numb with rain.
How can you get wet all night since you are in a mess and don't get enough sleep!
There are tens of millions of buildings in Ande, which greatly protect all the smiles of the poor in the world, and the wind and rain are as quiet as mountains.
Oh! When I suddenly see this house in front of me, I will freeze to death alone!
4. The realistic spirit of Du Fu's poems is 1, "Worrying about Li Yuan in poor years" and always caring about people's sufferings, which is the core of Du Fu's realistic poems.
Du Fu lived in the Tang Dynasty, an era from prosperity to decline. He came from a bureaucratic family of "obeying Confucianism and observing officials" and enjoyed the privilege of not paying taxes and refusing to perform military service.
This class background stipulates that Du Fu can't be a poet who loves the people without a hard process, and Du Fu's life path and creative path also illustrate this point. When I was young, I traveled south to wuyue and north to Zhao Qi.
Tianbao six years, go to Chang 'an to take an examination. Due to Li's obstruction, I was down and out in Chang 'an for about 10 years. After the An Shi Rebellion broke out, he was captured by the rebels on the way.
After that, he fled to Fengxiang, met Su Zong, and the official went to the left. Later, he was demoted to Huazhou Sigong to join the army.
Soon, there was a drought in Guanzhong, and he was forced by hunger. He abandoned his official position and went to Shu, built a thatched cottage in Chengdu and settled down. After entering the curtain, he served as Yuan Wailang of the Ministry of Supervision.
In the third year of Dali, he sailed out of the Three Gorges and died in a boat in Xiangjiang River. Confucianism is dominant in Du Fu's thoughts.
He lived in the turbulent era when the Tang Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline. His career was bumpy and he experienced disasters, so he could understand the sufferings of the people. His poems are combined with current events and have strong practical significance.
For example, Chedian, Two Roads, and 500 words from Beijing to Fengxian are immortal poems that expose the overbearing arrogance of the ruling class and the sufferings of the people. There are also masterpieces such as Three Officials and Three Farewells, which have reached the peak of realism.
In his later years, he made great achievements in thought and art, such as "The hut was blown by the autumn wind" and "The banks of the Yellow River were recaptured by the imperial army". Du Fu was honored as a poet saint, and was also called Du Li with Li Bai, a poet immortal, which had a great influence on later generations.
Mainly lies in his outstanding contribution to poetic realism creation. From Du Fu's life experience, we can easily see that it is the relationship between Du Fu and the people that makes him a great realistic poet, so paying attention to the sufferings of people's livelihood is the core of his poetic realism.
Du Fu's poems are realistic and very popular. After the age of thirty-five, the poet ended his life of reading and traveling, went deep into the bottom of society, saw the sufferings of the people and the sins of the ruling class, and wrote the following works: Military Vehicle Shop, Second Road, Going to Fengxian to pay homage, For Sadness, Ai Jiangtou, Hope of Spring, Qiang Village, Northern Expedition and Washing Military Forces.
Du Fu's poems show deep sympathy for the people. In Wu Lang Again, the poet spoke the words of the poor through the widow's throwing dates: "There is no food, no children and no women in front of the church.
If it weren't for poverty, how could such a thing be done? It is because I am afraid of her that I turn a blind eye to her. In other words, although there are many things that can prevent distant guests, it is very real to insert hedges. I complained that I was poor to the bone, and I was thinking about tears and towels. "
In Shi Qu Guan, the poet made a historical record of people's lives: "At dusk, officials cast their hands in Shi Qu Zhai and arrested people at night. The old man climbed over the wall and left, while the old woman went out to watch.
Why are officials angry? Why do women cry? After listening to the lady's words:' Three people are in Ye Chengrong, one is attached with a book, and two are newly killed. Those who drag out an ignoble existence are dead.
There is no one in the room, only a baby and a grandson. Sun's chest has not gone, and her skirt has no end.
Although an old woman is weak, please come back at night. If you are in a hurry to serve food in the river, you might as well prepare the food in the morning.
The night is long and silent, like crying and choking. Dawn will rise into the future, leaving the old man alone. "
Du Fu was deeply influenced by Confucianism, but he also criticized the negative aspects of Confucianism from his personal life experience. For example, Confucianism said, "If you are poor, you will be immune to it, and if you are up to it, you will help the world."
Du Fu, no matter he is poor, wants to be both good and good on earth. Confucianism said: "If you are not in your position, you will not seek its politics."
Du Fu, whether in office or not, wanted to govern the country! Although he was "helped by others", he said that "drawing the sword and dialing the decline of the year." Although "all countries are exhausted" and "all places are exhausted", he "won't cry" and "the danger is increasing".
The predecessors said that many of Du Fu's five-rhythm poems can be regarded as "sparse". In fact, we know more than the Five Rhymes. Confucianism also stresses "saving love" and "valuing people", but at the same time it despises working people. Du Fu, on the other hand, is close to the working people, likes working, and is even willing to sacrifice himself for the happiness of the broad masses of people.
Confucianism makes a strict distinction between China people and foreigners, but Du Fu got rid of this narrowness to some extent. He advocated peace with his neighbors and not fighting, so he said: "There is a limit to killing people, and countries have their own borders.
If you can control your aggression, you will kill more. Therefore, he cherishes the good relationship between ethnic groups: "It seems that Wen Zambu is more interested in his relatives, but it is difficult to give up his uncle and nephew!" (Recent News) accused Xuanzong of destroying this relationship because of the war: "The court suddenly killed the princess with Song Shujiang!" In short, in Du Fu's own words, "worrying about Li Yuan in poor years" is his central idea, "being willing to commit suicide when necessary" is his consistent spirit, and "obeying your orders and then making customs pure" is his highest ideal and main means.
He used these to ask and encourage his friends. He praised Yuan Jie and said, "Daozhou is worried about Li Shu, and his words are full of enthusiasm."
He said to Yanwu, "If you are on the stage, don't love your body when you are in danger." He said to Pei Qiu, "Here you are, Yao Shun, Fu Gong, etc. I have long been told to die. "
It is these progressive thoughts that formed Du Fu's political enthusiasm, indomitable character and open-minded and optimistic spirit, which made him the most political great poet in the history of China. Of course, this is also inseparable from his life practice of being close to the people.
2. "Always worrying about the country and crying" and a high degree of patriotism are another major feature of Du Fu's realistic poems. Du Fu is not only a poet who deeply cares about people's sufferings in poor years, but also a patriot who always cares about the country, makes people cry and sacrifices himself for others. His poems are full of patriotic blood and sincerity.
When the country was in danger, he cried in pain at the flower and bird conference in March. For example, "Spring Hope": "Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate. After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold, and I stroked my white hair. It has become too thin to hold a hairpin any more. "
Once the chaos is decided and the news comes, he will be ecstatic and tears will come to his eyes again. For example, "The banks of the Yellow River were recaptured by the imperial army": "Suddenly spread the sword outside.
5. It doesn't seem right to ask what is the first poem that marks Du Fu's move towards realism and appreciate you by the way. Du Fu's poems are called "the history of poetry". It is also a representative of realism. His poems are basically realistic. For example:
Recover the north and south of the Yellow River
Author: Du Fu
The news of this distant western station! The north has been recovered! At first, I couldn't stop crying on my coat.
Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily.
On a green spring day, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine.
Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! .
Appreciate:
Du Fu wrote to himself in this song: "I am in Tokyo." The theme of the poem is to express the joy of hearing the good news that the rebellion has subsided and returning home. "The news of this distant western station! The north has been taken back! " The rapid rise just shows the suddenness of good news. The poet has been wandering outside the sword for many years, so it is difficult to prepare for a taste. Because of the failure of "Jibei" and the Anshi rebellion, it is impossible to return to my hometown. Now, the "thistle that suddenly spread to the north", the torrent of surprise suddenly burst open the emotional floodgate that had been suppressed for a long time, making the poet surge in emotion. At first, I couldn't stop the tears from pouring down my coat. The first news is closely related to the sudden news, which shows that the good news came too suddenly, while the form of "tears all over my skirt" is vivid, showing the emotional waves aroused by the sudden news at the moment of the first news, which is the true expression of joy and sadness, and the intersection of sadness and joy. "Jibei" has been collected, the war will stop, and the suffering of Gankun and Limin will be cured. The poet, who was displaced from place to place and hated other sufferings, finally got through it. However, after drawing a lesson from the bitter experience, the poet recalled the sufferings he had endured in the past eight years, but he couldn't help but feel sad and unable to restrain himself. However, this catastrophe finally passed like a nightmare. The poet can return to his hometown and people will start a new life, so he turns sorrow into joy and is in heaven. The psychological changes and complex feelings of the First News at that time, if written in prose, need a lot of pen and ink, and the poet only uses the word "tears full of skirts" to describe the image, which is enough to sum up all this.
It is a higher peak of surprise to turn around and stay in "ecstasy". "Looking at the wife" and "reading poetry" are two continuous actions, which have a certain causal relationship. Poets will naturally think of their wives and children who have suffered together for many years when they are sad and happy and "full of tears." "Looking at it" means "looking back". The action of "looking back" is very meaningful. The poet seems to want to say something to his family, but he doesn't know where to start. Actually, there is no need to say anything. I don't know where the haze that has enveloped the whole family for many years has gone. My relatives are no longer sad, but smiling. The reversal of the joy of relatives increased the poet's joy, and the poet no longer had no intention of bending over his desk, so he rolled up his poems and shared the joy of victory.
The couplets of "Loud my song, Deep my wine, Start my home on a green spring day" further describe "ecstasy". "daytime" means that people have reached old age. Old people rarely "sing" and should not "indulge in wine"; Nowadays, we should not only "sing" but also "indulge in wine", which is a concrete manifestation of "ecstasy". This sentence was written in a "crazy" state, and the next sentence was written in a "crazy" thinking. "Youth" refers to spring. Spring has arrived, and it is time to "go home" with his wife and children among flowers, birds, fish and insects. Poets will naturally be "ecstatic" when they think about this.
On the green spring day when I came home, the poet at the end of the couplet was in Zizhou, but his heart suddenly returned to his hometown. The poet's surprise reached a climax and the whole poem ended. This couplet contains four place names. "Baxia", "Wuxia", "Xiangyang" and "Luoyang" are all dual (in-sentence pairs), which form a neat pair of place names; And the combination of "slave" and "slave" is a pair of flowing fresh water. Coupled with the dynamics of "wear" and "orientation" and the repetition of two "gorge" and two "yang", the style and tone of writing are as fast as lightning, which accurately shows the galloping of the poet's imagination. There is a long distance between Basha, Wuxia, Xiangyang and Luoyang. Once the words "follow", "wear", "go down" and "go" run through them, the pictures of "coming back from this mountain, crossing another mountain, coming up from the south and going north-to my own town" appear one after another. What needs to be pointed out here is that the poet not only expresses imagination, but also depicts reality. From "under the dam" to "Wu gorge", the gorge is dangerous and narrow, and the boat is like a shuttle, so it is used to wear; When I left Wuxia to Xiangyang, I drove downstream quickly, so I used "Xia"; From "Xiangyang" to "Luoyang", the land was changed, so the word "Xiang" was used with high accuracy.