The leisure fu in Tao Yuanming's ci fu is based on Zhang Heng's fixed love fu and Cai Yong's static love fu. The content is to write a dream about love, which is meaningless. "Feeling Men Meet Fu" is an imitation of Dong Zhongshu's "Feeling Men Meet Fu" and Sima Qian's "Sad Men Meet Fu", and its content is to express the resentment under the door valve system. Gui Xi Ci is a political declaration that Tao Yuanming publicly broke with the upper class when he resigned and retired. The article uses a lot of space to write about his infinite joy of leaving the officialdom, imagine his infinite joy after retiring to the countryside, and show the author's yearning and love for nature and seclusion. The article skillfully integrates narrative, discussion and lyricism to create a vivid, natural and fascinating artistic realm; The language is natural and simple, washing away the strong local flavor. "Poetry Rhyme" consists of nine chapters, namely: painting a fan, reading history, offering sacrifices to Cheng's sisters, brothers and oneself. Prose includes "Biography of Meng Fujun, General of the Western Expedition to Jin Dynasty", also known as "Biography of Meng Jia", which is a biography written for Meng Jia, the ancestor of foreign nationalities; In addition, there are Biography of Mr. Wu, Peach Blossom Garden, Sparse and Yan Zi, etc. Generally speaking, Wen Tao's numbers and achievements are not as good as Shi Tao's.
Tao Yuanming's poems are sincere, simple and natural, and sometimes reveal Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi's thoughts of escaping from reality and taking pleasure in knowing life. Therefore, Tao Yuanming is known as the "pastoral poet" and the originator of the pastoral school. His poems can be divided into three categories: drinking poems, chanting poems and pastoral poems.
1, drinking poems
Tao Yuanming is the first poet in the history of China literature who wrote a large number of drinking poems. Twenty of his "Drinking" articles are "intoxicating" or accuse right and wrong of being upside down, discrediting the same upper class; Or expose the decadent darkness of the world; Or reflect the sinister occupation; Or express the joy of the poet after he quit the officialdom; Or express the poet's grievances in difficulties. Judging from the interest and style of the poem, it may not be a work of the same period. In the second year of Yuanxi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (420), Emperor Wu of Song abolished Gong Jin as the king of Lingling, killed him the following year, and established the Liu and Song Dynasties. In a metaphorical way, Shuo Jiu records the process of usurping power and changing dynasties subtly and twists, and expresses infinite grief over the downfall of the Hejin Dynasty. At this time, Tao Yuanming has lived in seclusion for many years, and he is used to troubled times and usurping power, but this poem still reveals his unforgettable secular spirit.
2. Poetry
Tao Yuanming's homesickness poems are represented by Miscellaneous Poems 12 and Reading Shan Hai Jing 13. More than twelve miscellaneous poems show their political depression after retirement and express their noble personality. It can be seen that the poet's heart is infinitely deep and broad. Thirteen poems in Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas express the same content by reciting the strange things in the Classic of Mountains and Seas. For example, in the tenth poem, by praising Jing Wei and Xing Tian for their "fierce ambition", they express and show that their ambition to help the world will never die.
3. pastoral poetry
Tao Yuanming has the largest number of pastoral poems and the highest achievements. This kind of poetry fully shows the poet's lofty interest in disdaining fame and fortune and his noble integrity in keeping his ambition; It fully shows the poet's extreme hatred and complete break with the dark officialdom; It fully shows the poet's love for simple pastoral life, his understanding of labor and his friendly feelings for working people. It fully shows the poet's pursuit and yearning for the ideal world. As a scholar-bureaucrat, such thoughts, feelings and contents are unprecedented in the history of literature, especially in a society with strict gate system and concept. Some of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems also reflect his predicament in his later years, which can help readers indirectly understand the miserable life of the peasant class at that time. Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden was written in the early Song Dynasty. It depicts a utopian ideal society. It shows the poet's complete denial of the existing social system and infinite admiration for the ideal world. It marks that Tao Yuanming's thought has reached a new height. Tao Yuanming is the pioneer of pastoral poetry. His pastoral poetry, with its simple and natural language and lofty artistic conception, opened up a new world for China poetry and directly influenced the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty. In his pastoral poems, his boredom with dirty reality and his love for quiet pastoral life can be seen everywhere. In Returning to the Garden, he described officialdom as a "dust net", compared being in it to "catching birds" and "pond fish", and compared retiring from the countryside to rushing out of the cage and returning to nature. Because of his actual labor experience, his poems are full of the joy of laborers, showing the thoughts and feelings that only laborers can feel. For example, the third poem "Returning to the Garden" is a powerful proof that this is the progress of his pastoral poetry.
Statues of Tao Yuanming and his son
Tao Yuanming's poems had little influence in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. When Liu Xie wrote Wen Xin Diao Long, he said nothing about Tao Yuanming. Zhong Rong's Shi Pin lists Tao's poems as domestic products, and calls Tao Yuanming "the ancestor of reclusive poets in ancient and modern times", and thinks that his poems "originated from ying". Liang Daizhao, ming prince and Xiao Tong spoke highly of Tao Yuanming: "His articles are unusual, his writing is excellent, his ups and downs are obvious, and he is unique. This is heartfelt and heartfelt, this is not Beijing. " Selected Works contains more than ten poems by Tao Yuanming, and it is the author with many works. Tao Yuanming's pastoral recluse poems had a great influence on Tang and Song poets. In Du Fu's poem, he said, "It is better to write a poem than to let go of your heart, which means I will wait for you all my life." Su Dongpo, a poet in the Song Dynasty, spoke highly of Tao Qian: "Poems of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties seem slow at first glance, but when they are familiar, they have strange sentences. ..... Only when the rate is high, the meaning is far-reaching, the meaning is wonderful, and the language is refined can it be like this. It's like a great craftsman carrying a catty, but he can't see the trace of an axe. " Su Dongpo's other works include Abstaining from Drinking by Tao, Two Drinks Alone with Tao Yulian, Five Drinks to Promote Agriculture by Tao, Living for Nine Days by Tao, Nine Miscellaneous Poems by Tao, Giving Sheep to the Chief Officer by Tao, Stopping Clouds by Tao, Giving Shadows by Tao and Giving Shadows by Tao.