The characteristics of metrical poems originated from Shen Yue's new poems which paid attention to rhythm and antithesis during Qi Yongming period in the Southern Dynasties. They were shaped in Shen Quanqi and Song Wenzhi in the early Tang Dynasty and matured in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Rhyme requires the unity of the number of words in the poem, and each poem is five-character, six-character and seven-character sentences, which are referred to as five laws, six laws and seven laws, among which six laws are relatively rare. The usual metrical poems stipulate 8 sentences each. If there are only six sentences, it is called a small law or a three-rhyme poem; More than 8 sentences, that is, 10 sentences, are called exclusive laws or long laws. Usually eight sentences are completed, and every two sentences form a couplet, which is counted as a quadruple. It is customary to call the first couplet a title couplet, the second a antithetical sentence, the third a neck couplet and the fourth a sentence ending couplet. The upper and lower sentences of two or three couplets (namely, parallel couplets and neck couplets) of each song must be antithetical sentences. Except for the first pair and the second pair, the couplet in the middle must be double. The dual requirements of secondary laws are more extensive. Rhyme requires the whole poem to rhyme, and the rhyme is limited; The second, fourth, sixth and eighth sentences rhyme, the first sentence can be put on or off, and the words of each rhyming sentence are flat. There are "flat rise" and "flat rise" in the upper and lower sentences. In addition, the metrical requirements of metrical poems also apply to quatrains.
There are variations in metrical poems in Tang Dynasty before and after they are finalized. Some metrical poems are not completely written according to the format, such as the Yellow Crane Tower in Cui Hao, which means that the first half is archaic and the second half is homophonic. This change in metrical poetry is called "difficult style". Formal metrical poems are very strict in terms of the number of sentences, the number of words, rhyme, parallelism and antithesis.
1, each song is limited to eight sentences: the five laws stipulate that each sentence is five words, and the whole song is ***40 words; The seven laws stipulate that each sentence has seven words and the whole sentence has fifty-six words.
2, limited to the use of flat rhyme, and a rhyme to the end, the middle can not change rhyme. The five laws take the first sentence as a positive example and rhyme as an example; The seven laws take the rhyme of the first sentence as a positive example, and the non-rhyme as a variant.
3. The sentence pattern and word level of each sentence are stipulated: pay attention to adhesion and rightness.
4. antithesis should be used in each sentence, which is an important feature of metrical poetry. The other two groups don't need to go to war. The name of each couplet is a couplet in every two sentences of a metrical poem. The first couplet (1, 2 sentences) is called "first couplet" (or first couplet), the second couplet (3, 4 sentences) is called "parallel couplet", and the third couplet (5, 6 sentences) is called "neck couplet". Metric poems are twice as big as quatrains, so you can write more things or scenes and express more detailed emotions. "scattered in the whole, often changed, neat and tidy, and rich in content"; "The five laws are short, straightforward and powerful, and the seven laws are smooth, melodious and elegant. Rhyme is difficult to write because it is flat and smooth, rhyming and antithetical.