China is a vast country. After thousands of years of development, local culture has gradually formed distinctive local characteristics, with the characteristics of China culture. In addition to the Han nationality, Tibetan, Mongolian and other ethnic minorities also have their own local culture.
China culture can be divided into several regions: the Yellow River Basin in Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Hebei; The upper reaches of the Yangtze River in Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou; Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River; Anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangsu in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River; Northeast China; Inner Mongolia region; Xinjiang region; Tibetan areas in Tibet, Qinghai and western Sichuan; Pearl River Basin in Guangdong and Guangxi, Minjiang River Basin in Fujian, etc.
① Yellow River culture (North): Central Plains culture, Hutong culture and Qin Long culture.
② Yangtze River culture (South): Chu culture, Jingchu culture, Huxiang culture, Wu culture, Yue culture, Hui culture, Jiangxi culture, Jianghuai culture, Bashu culture, Lingnan culture and Min culture.
③ Others: Nuo culture, Tibetan culture and Dakeng culture.
④ Marine culture: Mazu belief, Zheng He belief, Tianfei Palace, Maritime Silk Road and Zheng He's voyage to the West.
2. clothes
In the long history of Chinese civilization, the costumes called Hanfu by Chinese people represent the main costumes of Chinese civilization from the Three Emperors and Five Emperors to the Millennium of the Ming Dynasty. At the end of Ming Dynasty, Manchu rulers in Qing Dynasty forced Han people to wear Manchu costumes by shaving their hair and changing clothes, which once interrupted the traditional costumes of Han people in Central Plains. At present, many young people focus on restoring the traditional costumes of the Han nationality.
3. Food culture
China's food culture, known as Chinese food or China food in Japan and South Korea, and Tang food in Europe and America, is an integral part of China culture and has a far-reaching influence on East Asian food culture.
Rice food and pasta are two main types. The main food in southern and northern China is rice, while the main food in wheat-growing areas is pasta. In addition, other food crops, such as corn, sorghum, cereals and potatoes, have also become part of the staple food in different regions.
4. China Chess
China people invented China chess, Go and Gobang in ancient times. Wushu is a typical representative of China culture. China is also the hometown of ancient football.
China is also the birthplace of sumo. Sima Qian once recorded in Historical Records of the Yellow Emperor: "Chiyou has a head with horns. With the head of the Yellow Emperor, people have horns. Now Jizhou is a Chiyou drama. " Until the 7th century, at the funeral of Emperor Ingya (A.D. 453), China sent a special envoy to Japan to perform a vegetarian dance, which was considered to be the first time that China sumo was introduced to Japan, which had a certain influence on the primitive sumo in Japan.
5. Religion
Taoism is a religious form that originated in China.
After Buddhism was introduced into China in Han Dynasty, it merged into a part of Chinese culture in the constant communication with Chinese culture, which is called Han Buddhism. Confucianism is not a purely religious form, but it has a height that religion cannot replace and reach. China's traditional culture is dominated by Confucianism, and its religious beliefs are dominated by ancestral beliefs.
Historically, some Han people believed in Taoism and Buddhism; Later, Catholicism and Christianity were introduced to China, and some people began to believe in these religions. For thousands of years, Confucianism, which focuses on benevolence and attaches importance to ethical education, has had a far-reaching impact on the Han nationality.
In addition, there are various other local and local beliefs in China, such as Guan Gong's belief, Mazu's belief, Sanshan Wang's belief, loyalty belief represented by Betty Wong's worship and so on. Sacrificing ancestors Xuanyuan Huangdi and Confucius is a representative activity with religious color.
As one of the four ancient civilizations in the world, China has a long history and civilization. China's 5,000-year history, like the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, has been rolling in from the source.
Chinese culture, referred to as "CCNGC" for short, also known as Chinese culture and Han culture, refers to the unique culture of China that is constantly evolving and developing on the basis of Central Plains culture. After more than 1000 years of historical evolution, China's major ancient civilizations have been interacting and merging for a long time. Today, China, with its splendid culture, stands in the east of the world with rich and colorful cultural elements.
Before the Shennong era, the political form of the Chinese nation was tribal politics, and the leader of the tribe was a witch. This view is quite different from traditional cognition. Historically, people's cognition of "witch" is superstitious, and "witch" is melodramatic and ignorant. In fact, in the primitive times of our ancestors, "witches" were scientists, and "witches" represented the authority of knowledge.
In primitive times, before the knowledge of our ancestors was opened, we saw various phenomena in nature, such as mountains and rivers on the ground, storms and lightning caused by climate change and so on. Because I don't understand, I feel suspicious and horrible.
In order to get the answers to these doubts, we have to ask the wizard. After observing, thinking and analyzing this phenomenon, the "witch" came to the conclusion that there is a Fengshen, a Rain God, a Thor and an Electric God, and all other gods are in charge.
Deism is too unscientific and superstitious for modern people. However, there is no guarantee that contemporary scientists' explanations of the phenomenon of the universe will be correct after thousands of years.
In addition, there are two things that human beings can't handle themselves and must ask others for help. First of all, it is physiological. No one is not sick. If a person is ill, he must ask a doctor for treatment.
The second is psychology. When people want to do something, they always worry in advance, and they hesitate. At this time, they should ask others for advice for reference. If you are in doubt, you should consult your close friends or experts. In primitive times, these two things happened at the same time, and turning to the same person was a "witch." The ancient characters "Shu" and "Bu" can prove the writing of "medicine".
In the era of Homo sapiens, culture began to appear. Archaeological discoveries in this period included sewing clothes and funerals, and the Neolithic period began to understand farming. In Hunan, there has been the first record of manual farming, and social culture began to appear, forming a clan commune. Archaeological discoveries in the Central Plains show that Peiligang culture and Jiahu culture from 7000 BC to 10000 BC have entered a primitive clan society with primitive agriculture, livestock and poultry breeding and handicraft production as the mainstay, supplemented by fishing and hunting.
Erlitou culture in Luoyang, Henan Province has emerged as the earliest capital of China from +0 in the 20th century to +07 in the late Xia Dynasty. Among the Erlitou ruins, the bronze Jue is the earliest bronze container in China.
There are also bronze ornaments of animal faces inlaid with turquoise, which are the earliest known copper inlaid jade articles. Jade articles include Gui, Zhang, Cong, Yue, Ge and Dao, as well as beautifully made pottery. Erligang cultural site was confirmed as the location of the early Shang Dynasty, and the regime changed many times from the early Shang Dynasty to the middle Shang Dynasty. Before Pan Geng moved its capital to Yin Ruins, it should have moved its capital many times, and Erlitou site may also be one of the abandoned capitals.
In addition to Yangshao culture and Longshan culture, there is Hemudu culture in the lower reaches of the Yellow River from 2500 BC to 1500 BC, which shows that in the first half of Neolithic Age, farming culture developed in the north and south of China.
With the discovery of Sanxingdui site, ancient Sichuan (ancient Shu) has reached a very high level of civilization, which proves that the Yangtze River basin and the Yellow River basin, such as Bashu area, are also the birthplaces of ancient civilization in China. Moreover, the cultural exchanges between different places and the common inheritance of the previous cultural heritage can also prove that the early China culture is also diverse, and the Central Plains culture is the main body. .
Later, it matured through the development of Yao, Shun, Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. Central Plains culture, Bashu culture, Wuyue culture, Qilu culture, Chu culture, etc. These regional cultures together constitute the main body of early Chinese culture-Huaxia culture.
References:
China Culture-Baidu Encyclopedia