Second, it is not prudent to add some words to explain the problem. These questions ask for an explanation of this word, but they answer the meaning of another word. There are also students who take it for granted to write down some other meanings of the explanatory words in other sentences and other texts without carefully reading the sentences and texts where the explanatory words are located. Some students don't answer the questions carefully, and the result is influenced by the writing method of the required explanation words. Writing typos and the explanation of extracurricular classical Chinese content words will not be related to what is known.
Thirdly, when interpreting important sentences in classical Chinese, we often don't read the sentences carefully, and many points are deducted because of missing translation or improper interpretation of important words and irregular word order.
Fourth, extracurricular classical Chinese comprehension questions often cannot be viewed from a higher angle on the basis of a general understanding of the content of the article, so the answers are biased.
In view of the situation of these students, I have conducted targeted guidance and training to change these situations:
First, read aloud and translate carefully, using the method of "words come from sentences and sentences come from articles".
Every language has its own structural rules. The best way to learn a language is to live in that language environment, and you can easily learn it by speaking and listening every day, but people who study classical Chinese in later generations can't find that language environment. But we can create a language environment for learning classical Chinese on a small scale by reading ancient Chinese.
When reading aloud, use your mouth, ears and eyes to cultivate a sense of language in classical Chinese. At the same time, I instruct students to read aloud on the premise of understanding the meaning and sentence patterns. If you read a classical Chinese text and don't understand the meaning and sentence patterns word by word, students have a little knowledge of the content of the article. They often write other words or phrases in dictation, but when these words and sentence patterns appear in another work, they still can't understand them. This has also led to a serious loss of points in students' extracurricular classical Chinese. The key to students' low migration ability lies in the lack of solid classroom learning.
Therefore, when guiding students to read aloud, understand the meaning of words and understand the characteristics of sentence patterns, I strictly require students to "tell the truth word for word", and read and copy the words, words and sentences they don't understand with the help of notes and reference books, and make records. At the same time, students can answer their own questions in the reading process through group discussion.
Second, through induction, guide students to solve the problem with the method of "right, change, stay, go, make up and adjust".
As for the methods of sentence translation, I have summarized six methods: translation, change, retention, removal, supplement and adjustment.
1, translation, that is, the realization of word for word, especially the meaning of important substantive words in the sentence will never be missed.
2. Change means changing ancient characters into modern characters and changing monosyllables into disyllables.
3. Reservation refers to the retention of some basic words and proper nouns in classical Chinese, such as names of people, places, countries, dynasties and official positions, without translation.
4. Deletion is the explanation of deleting some function words in classical Chinese during translation. Usage of some function words in classical Chinese and modern Chinese
There is no corresponding word in the language, so hard translation will be awkward. Students can be instructed not to translate sentences, as long as it does not affect the meaning of sentences. These words include: spoken words, auxiliary words that form syllables, signs of inverted structure, words that pause in sentences,
And virtual component in words.
5. Supplement is to make up the omitted components in classical Chinese. Sometimes when using parts of speech in daily life, students must be guided by movable words.
Used to supplement the new content after flexible use.
6. Adjustment means adjusting word order. The sentence structure and word order of some classical Chinese sentences do not conform to modern Chinese grammar and are not suitable for translation.
In order to correct these sentences,
That is, according to the requirements of modern Chinese, adjust the special sentence patterns in classical Chinese sentences,
Make the interpretation of sentences more in line with modern Chinese grammar.