The national unified entrance examination for colleges and universities is a selective examination for qualified high school graduates and candidates with equivalent academic qualifications. Colleges and universities should comprehensively measure the moral, intellectual and physical qualities according to the candidates' grades and the established enrollment plan, and select the best candidates. Therefore, the college entrance examination should have high reliability, validity, necessary discrimination and appropriate difficulty.
Two. Examination content
I. Assessment objectives and requirements
20 13 National College Entrance Examination Chinese requires examination of candidates' six abilities: memory, understanding, analysis and synthesis, appreciation and evaluation, expression and application, and inquiry, which are manifested in six levels. 20 13 Chinese Examination Outline for College Entrance Examination (New Curriculum Standard Edition)
The national unified entrance examination for colleges and universities is a selective examination for qualified high school graduates and candidates with equivalent academic qualifications. Colleges and universities should comprehensively measure the moral, intellectual and physical qualities according to the candidates' grades and the established enrollment plan, and select the best candidates. Therefore, the college entrance examination should have high reliability, validity, necessary discrimination and appropriate difficulty.
Two. Examination content
I. Assessment objectives and requirements
20 13 National College Entrance Examination Chinese requires examination of candidates' six abilities: memory, understanding, analysis and synthesis, appreciation and evaluation, expression and application, and inquiry, which are manifested in six levels.
A. memorization: it refers to recognition and memory, which is the most basic level of ability.
B. understanding: it means understanding and being able to make simple explanations, which is a higher level of ability on the basis of rote memorization.
C. Analysis and synthesis: refers to decomposition, analysis and induction, which is a kind of ability level further improved on the basis of memory and understanding.
D. Appreciation and evaluation: refers to the identification, appreciation and comment of reading materials, which is a level of ability developed based on memory, understanding and analysis in reading.
E. Expression application: refers to the application of Chinese knowledge and ability, which is a level of ability developed in expression on the basis of memory, understanding and analysis.
F. Inquiry: refers to the ability level developed on the basis of memory, understanding, analysis and synthesis, in which some problems are discussed, and some insights, discoveries and innovations are made.
The six ability levels of A, B, C, D, E and F can be examined with different difficulties.
Second, the scope and requirements of the examination
According to the requirements of ordinary colleges and universities for freshmen's cultural quality, the content of Chinese examination is determined in accordance with "Ordinary Senior High School Curriculum Plan (Experiment)" and "Chinese Curriculum Standard (Experiment)" promulgated by China People and Ministry of Education in 2003.
According to the five modules of "Chinese 1" to "Chinese 5", which are the two major goals of the compulsory course "Reading and Appreciation, Expression and Communication" stipulated in the Curriculum Standard for Senior High School, five series of poetry and prose, novel and drama, news and biography, language application and cultural works research are selected as elective courses, which constitute the compulsory content and elective content. Compulsory and elective exams have different difficulties.
Required test content
The required contents and corresponding ability levels are as follows:
Modern reading
Read the general discussion article.
1. understand B.
(1) Understand the meaning of important concepts in this paper.
(2) Understand the meaning of important sentences in the text
2. Analysis and synthesis c
(1) Filter the information in the integrated article.
(2) Analyze the structure of the article and grasp the thinking of the article.
(3) Summarize the main points and summarize the central meaning.
(4) Analyze and summarize the author's views and attitudes.
(B) Reading ancient poems
Read simple ancient poems.
1. Memory a
Memorize common famous sentences and articles.
Understand b
(1) Understand the meaning of common notional words in classical Chinese.
(2) Understand the meaning and usage of function words commonly used in classical Chinese.
Function words are commonly used in classical Chinese: Er, He, Hu, Endurance, Qi, Er, Ruo, Suo, Wei, Ye, Yi, Cause, Yu, Zhe, Zhe.
(3) Understand different sentence patterns and usages from modern Chinese.
Different sentence patterns and usages: judgment sentence, passive sentence, preposition object, component omission, flexible use of parts of speech.
(4) Understand and translate the sentences in the text
3. Analysis and synthesis c
(1) Filter the information in the article.
(2) Summarize the main points and summarize the central meaning.
(3) Analyze and summarize the author's views and attitudes.
4. appreciation evaluation d
(1) Appreciate the image, language and expression skills of literary works.
(2) Evaluate the ideological content of the article and the author's attitude.
(C) the use of language
Use language correctly, skillfully and effectively.
1. Memory a
(1) Learn the pronunciation of common words in modern Mandarin.
(2) Memorize and correctly write modern standardized Chinese characters.
2. Expression application E
(1) Use punctuation correctly.
(2) Correct use of words (including idioms)
(3) Discriminate and modify sick sentences
Types of ill sentences: improper word order, improper collocation, incomplete or redundant components and chaotic structure; The meaning is unclear and illogical.
(4) Expanding sentences and compressing paragraphs
(5) Choose, imitate and change sentence patterns
(6) Correct use of common rhetorical methods.
Common rhetorical methods: metaphor, analogy, metonymy, exaggeration, duality, parallelism, repetition, rhetorical questions.
(7) The language expression is concise, coherent, appropriate, accurate, vivid and vivid.
(4) Writing
Can write expository, practical and literary texts.
Expression application e
The composition test requirements are divided into basic level and development level.
1. Basic level
(1) conforms to the problem.
(2) Meet the stylistic requirements
(3) Sincere feelings and healthy thoughts.
(4) The content is substantial and the center is clear.
(5) fluent language and complete structure
(6) Punctuation is correct, and no typos are written (Note: each typo is deducted by 1 word, and repetition is not counted).
2. Development level
(1) Profound
It is enlightening to reveal the internal causal relationship of things through the phenomenon going deep into the essence.
(2) concentration
Rich materials, rich arguments, full image and far-reaching artistic conception.
(3) literary talent
Proper use of words, flexible sentence patterns, good use of rhetoric and vivid sentences.
(4) Innovation
The conception is novel, the materials are fresh, the conception is ingenious, and the reasoning and imagination are unique and personalized.
Selected test content
The content of the exam and the corresponding ability level are as follows:
(A) literary text reading
Read and appreciate Chinese and foreign literary works. Understand the basic characteristics and main expression techniques of novels, essays, poems, plays and other literary genres. Reading appreciation of literary works pays attention to aesthetic experience. Feel the image, taste the language, understand the connotation and analyze the artistic expression; Understand the social life and emotional world reflected in the works, and explore the national psychology and humanistic spirit contained in the works.
1. analysis and synthesis c
(1) Analyze the structure and summarize the theme of the work.
(2) Analyze the basic features and main expressive techniques of this genre.
2. Appreciation evaluation D
(1) Experience the rich meanings of important sentences and taste the wonderful art of language expression.
(2) Appreciate the image of the work, understand the connotation of the work and understand the artistic charm of the work.
(3) Evaluate the value judgment and aesthetic orientation of the works.
Exploration f
(1) Explore the significance, national psychology and humanistic spirit of the works from different angles and levels.
(2) Explore the author's creative background and intention.
(3) Personalized reading and creative interpretation of works.
Practical text reading
Read and evaluate Chinese and foreign practical texts. Understand the basic stylistic features and main expression techniques of biographies, news, reports and popular science articles. Interpret the text accurately and filter the integrated information. Analyze the ideological content, constituent elements and language features of the text, evaluate the social function of the text, and explore the life value and the spirit of the times reflected in the text.
1. analysis and synthesis c
(1) Filter the information in the integrated article.
(2) Analyze the language features, grasp the structure of the article, and summarize the central meaning.
(3) Analyze the basic stylistic features and main expressive techniques of the text.
2. Appreciation evaluation D
(1) Main viewpoints and basic tendencies of the evaluation text
(2) Evaluate the social value and influence of the text.
(3) Think deeply and judge a certain feature of the text.
Exploration f
(1) Explore the value of life and the spirit of the times reflected in the text from different angles and levels.
(2) Discuss the author's writing background and intention.
(3) To explore some problems in the text and put forward your own opinions, you need to recite 64 articles, and those specific articles answer the ancient poems recited in the college entrance examination (64 articles).
1. Confucius said in The Analects of Confucius: 2. The fish I want; 3. Born in sorrow, died in happiness; 4. Disputes in Cao Gui; 5. Zou Ji satirizes Qi Wang Nengchen; 6. Former teacher; Zhuge Liang 7. Taohuayuan; Tao Yuanming 8. Three Gorges; Li daoyuan 9. Liu Zongyuan 12. The story of Fan Zhongyan in Yueyang Tower 13. Zuiweng Pavilion: Ouyang Xiu 14. The Story of Ailian Zhou Dunyi 15. Night tour of Chengtian Temple Su Shi 16. Preface to seeing Ma Sheng off to Yang. Guansui Shijing 18. Jianjia Book of Songs 19. Cao 20 who looks at the sea. Drink Tao Yuanming 2 1. Farewell to the viceroy, he went to Bocheng Quefu Sanqin to take office, separated by five rivers and a fog. We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions. After all, the world is just a small place. Why are you wandering at the fork in the road? The child is holding a towel. 22. No.23, Wang Wan, the next berth at Beibao Mountain. Arrive at fort Wang Wei 24. I heard that Wang Changling moved to Longbiao kiln to deliver it. Li Bai 25. Li Baizun 26 is difficult to walk. Expect 27. Pan Chun Du Fu 28. The hut was broken by the autumn wind. Bai Xuege sent Tian Shuji Wu home. This is the most beautiful season of the year, far better than the late spring of the green willow. 3 1. Liu Yuxi 32. Look at Bai Juyi 33. Spring outing in Qiantang River Bai Juyi 34. Wild door birthday star Li He 35. Red cliff Du Mu 36. Bo Qinhuai Du Mu 37. Jae-Il Lee sent a short message to a friend in the north on a rainy night. Yan Shu's song "Huanxisha" 42. Deng Fei came to Feng Wang Anshi 43. Jiang Chengzi Yi Mao dreamed of Su Shi's old wife 44 on the 20th night of the first month. Mink head Su Shi's bright moon 45. You went to Shanxi Village 46. Xin Qiji was drunk. Crossing the Zero Point Ding Yang Wen Tianxiang 48. Yue Ming, Tianjin. Small bridges and flowing water. The ancient road and the west wind are thin. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world. 49. Mountain slope sheep (Tongguan nostalgia) Zhang 50. Gong Zizhen 5 1 Ji Hai miscellaneous stone. Encourage learning Xunzi 52. Wandering in Zhuangzi 53. Shi Yu 54. Epang Palace Du Fu Mu 55. Su Shi on the red wall 56. Mang Shijing 57. Li Sao Shangyin 62. Yu Meiren Li Yu 63. Nian Nujiao Chibi Nostalgia Su Shi 64. Yong Yule Jingkou Gubeiting Nostalgia Xin Qiji
A. memorization: it refers to recognition and memory, which is the most basic level of ability.
B. understanding: it means understanding and being able to make simple explanations, which is a higher level of ability on the basis of rote memorization.
C. Analysis and synthesis: refers to decomposition, analysis and induction, which is a kind of ability level further improved on the basis of memory and understanding.
D. Appreciation and evaluation: refers to the identification, appreciation and comment of reading materials, which is a level of ability developed based on memory, understanding and analysis in reading.
E. Expression application: refers to the application of Chinese knowledge and ability, which is a level of ability developed in expression on the basis of memory, understanding and analysis.
F. Inquiry: refers to the ability level developed on the basis of memory, understanding, analysis and synthesis, in which some problems are discussed, and some insights, discoveries and innovations are made.
The six ability levels of A, B, C, D, E and F can be examined with different difficulties.
Second, the scope and requirements of the examination
According to the requirements of ordinary colleges and universities for freshmen's cultural quality, the content of Chinese examination is determined in accordance with "Ordinary Senior High School Curriculum Plan (Experiment)" and "Chinese Curriculum Standard (Experiment)" promulgated by China People and Ministry of Education in 2003.
According to the five modules of "Chinese 1" to "Chinese 5", which are the two major goals of the compulsory course "Reading and Appreciation, Expression and Communication" stipulated in the Curriculum Standard for Senior High School, five series of poetry and prose, novel and drama, news and biography, language application and cultural works research are selected as elective courses, which constitute the compulsory content and elective content. Compulsory and elective exams have different difficulties.
Required test content
The required contents and corresponding ability levels are as follows:
Modern reading
Read the general discussion article.
1. understand B.
(1) Understand the meaning of important concepts in this paper.
(2) Understand the meaning of important sentences in the text
2. Analysis and synthesis c
(1) Filter the information in the integrated article.
(2) Analyze the structure of the article and grasp the thinking of the article.
(3) Summarize the main points and summarize the central meaning.
(4) Analyze and summarize the author's views and attitudes.
(B) Reading ancient poems
Read simple ancient poems.
1. Memory a
Memorize common famous sentences and articles.
Understand b
(1) Understand the meaning of common notional words in classical Chinese.
(2) Understand the meaning and usage of function words commonly used in classical Chinese.
Function words are commonly used in classical Chinese: Er, He, Hu, Endurance, Qi, Er, Ruo, Suo, Wei, Ye, Yi, Cause, Yu, Zhe, Zhe.
(3) Understand different sentence patterns and usages from modern Chinese.
Different sentence patterns and usages: judgment sentence, passive sentence, preposition object, component omission, flexible use of parts of speech.
(4) Understand and translate the sentences in the text
3. Analysis and synthesis c
(1) Filter the information in the article.
(2) Summarize the main points and summarize the central meaning.
(3) Analyze and summarize the author's views and attitudes.
4. appreciation evaluation d
(1) Appreciate the image, language and expression skills of literary works.
(2) Evaluate the ideological content of the article and the author's attitude.
(C) the use of language
Use language correctly, skillfully and effectively.
1. Memory a
(1) Learn the pronunciation of common words in modern Mandarin.
(2) Memorize and correctly write modern standardized Chinese characters.
2. Expression application E
(1) Use punctuation correctly.
(2) Correct use of words (including idioms)
(3) Discriminate and modify sick sentences
Types of ill sentences: improper word order, improper collocation, incomplete or redundant components and chaotic structure; The meaning is unclear and illogical.
(4) Expanding sentences and compressing paragraphs
(5) Choose, imitate and change sentence patterns
(6) Correct use of common rhetorical methods.
Common rhetorical methods: metaphor, analogy, metonymy, exaggeration, duality, parallelism, repetition, rhetorical questions.
(7) The language expression is concise, coherent, appropriate, accurate, vivid and vivid.
(4) Writing
Can write expository, practical and literary texts.
Expression application e
The composition test requirements are divided into basic level and development level.
1. Basic level
(1) conforms to the problem.
(2) Meet the stylistic requirements
(3) Sincere feelings and healthy thoughts.
(4) The content is substantial and the center is clear.
(5) fluent language and complete structure
(6) Punctuation is correct, and no typos are written (Note: each typo is deducted by 1 word, and repetition is not counted).
2. Development level
(1) Profound
It is enlightening to reveal the internal causal relationship of things through the phenomenon going deep into the essence.
(2) concentration
Rich materials, rich arguments, full image and far-reaching artistic conception.
(3) literary talent
Proper use of words, flexible sentence patterns, good use of rhetoric and vivid sentences.
(4) Innovation
The conception is novel, the materials are fresh, the conception is ingenious, and the reasoning and imagination are unique and personalized.
Selected test content
The content of the exam and the corresponding ability level are as follows:
(A) literary text reading
Read and appreciate Chinese and foreign literary works. Understand the basic characteristics and main expression techniques of novels, essays, poems, plays and other literary genres. Reading appreciation of literary works pays attention to aesthetic experience. Feel the image, taste the language, understand the connotation and analyze the artistic expression; Understand the social life and emotional world reflected in the works, and explore the national psychology and humanistic spirit contained in the works.
1. analysis and synthesis c
(1) Analyze the structure and summarize the theme of the work.
(2) Analyze the basic features and main expressive techniques of this genre.
2. Appreciation evaluation D
(1) Experience the rich meanings of important sentences and taste the wonderful art of language expression.
(2) Appreciate the image of the work, understand the connotation of the work and understand the artistic charm of the work.
(3) Evaluate the value judgment and aesthetic orientation of the works.
Exploration f
(1) Explore the significance, national psychology and humanistic spirit of the works from different angles and levels.
(2) Explore the author's creative background and intention.
(3) Personalized reading and creative interpretation of works.
Practical text reading
Read and evaluate Chinese and foreign practical texts. Understand the basic stylistic features and main expression techniques of biographies, news, reports and popular science articles. Interpret the text accurately and filter the integrated information. Analyze the ideological content, constituent elements and language features of the text, evaluate the social function of the text, and explore the life value and the spirit of the times reflected in the text.
1. analysis and synthesis c
(1) Filter the information in the integrated article.
(2) Analyze the language features, grasp the structure of the article, and summarize the central meaning.
(3) Analyze the basic stylistic features and main expressive techniques of the text.
2. Appreciation evaluation D
(1) Main viewpoints and basic tendencies of the evaluation text
(2) Evaluate the social value and influence of the text.
(3) Think deeply and judge a certain feature of the text.
Exploration f
(1) Explore the value of life and the spirit of the times reflected in the text from different angles and levels.
(2) Discuss the author's writing background and intention.
(3) To explore some problems in the text and put forward your own opinions, you need to recite 64 articles, and those specific articles answer the ancient poems recited in the college entrance examination (64 articles).
1. Confucius said in The Analects of Confucius: 2. The fish I want; 3. Born in sorrow, died in happiness; 4. Disputes in Cao Gui; 5. Zou Ji satirizes Qi Wang Nengchen; 6. Former teacher; Zhuge Liang 7. Taohuayuan; Tao Yuanming 8. Three Gorges; Li daoyuan 9. Liu Zongyuan 12. The story of Fan Zhongyan in Yueyang Tower 13. Zuiweng Pavilion: Ouyang Xiu 14. The Story of Ailian Zhou Dunyi 15. Night tour of Chengtian Temple Su Shi 16. Preface to seeing Ma Sheng off to Yang. Guansui Shijing 18. Jianjia Book of Songs 19. Cao 20 who looks at the sea. Drink Tao Yuanming 2 1. Farewell to the viceroy, he went to Bocheng Quefu Sanqin to take office, separated by five rivers and a fog. We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions. After all, the world is just a small place. Why are you wandering at the fork in the road? The child is holding a towel. 22. No.23, Wang Wan, the next berth at Beibao Mountain. Arrive at fort Wang Wei 24. I heard that Wang Changling moved to Longbiao kiln to deliver it. Li Bai 25. Li Baizun 26 is difficult to walk. Expect 27. Pan Chun Du Fu 28. The hut was broken by the autumn wind. Bai Xuege sent Tian Shuji Wu home. This is the most beautiful season of the year, far better than the late spring of the green willow. 3 1. Liu Yuxi 32. Look at Bai Juyi 33. Spring outing in Qiantang River Bai Juyi 34. Wild door birthday star Li He 35. Red cliff Du Mu 36. Bo Qinhuai Du Mu 37. Jae-Il Lee sent a short message to a friend in the north on a rainy night. Yan Shu's song "Huanxisha" 42. Deng Fei came to Feng Wang Anshi 43. Jiang Chengzi Yi Mao dreamed of Su Shi's old wife 44 on the 20th night of the first month. Mink head Su Shi's bright moon 45. You went to Shanxi Village 46. Xin Qiji was drunk. Crossing the Zero Point Ding Yang Wen Tianxiang 48. Yue Ming, Tianjin. Small bridges and flowing water. The ancient road and the west wind are thin. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world. 49. Mountain slope sheep (Tongguan nostalgia) Zhang 50. Gong Zizhen 5 1 Ji Hai miscellaneous stone. Encourage learning Xunzi 52. Wandering in Zhuangzi 53. Shi Yu 54. Epang Palace Du Fu Mu 55. Su Shi on the red wall 56. Mang Shijing 57. Li Sao Shangyin 62. Yu Meiren Li Yu 63. Nian Nujiao Chibi Nostalgia Su Shi 64. Yong Yule Jingkou Gubeiting Nostalgia Xin Qiji