Yuefu poetry is an important part of Li Bai's poetry. Guo Maoqian of the Song Dynasty recorded as many as 124 Yuefu poems in his "Collection of Yuefu Poems". The commonly known "Three Hundred Tang Poems" recorded 35 Yuefu poems, including 12 by Li Bai. "Baitou Yin" is also one of the famous poems in Li Bai's Yuefu poems.
The first poem begins with the love of mandarin ducks in the water. This is the same as "Guan Ju" and other poems in the "Book of Songs", but it has more symbolic and metaphorical meanings, and uses "brocade". "Water" is closely connected with the story of Sima Xiangru. Jinshui flows through the suburbs of Chengdu, turning from northeast to southeast. Legend has it that when rinsed with this water, the brocade becomes brighter in color, hence its name. Sima Xiangru and Zhuo Wenjun once lived together in Chengdu, so the poem begins with "Jinshui". The following sentences describe a pair of mandarin ducks loving each other: they are swaying in the water, they live in Chang'an, build nests in the palace, and play in the grass. They depend on each other for life and death. They would rather die and have their wings broken than fly apart and fly into the sky. "The male nests in the Han palace tree, and the female makes Qin's grass fragrant", the two sentences have meanings in each other's context. The following four sentences of "At this time" describe the story of Chen Ajiao, the empress of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Gillian is Queen Chen’s nickname. According to Sima Xiangru's "Preface to Changmen Fu": "Emperor Xiaowu was lucky enough to have Empress Chen, and she was quite jealous. She stayed in Changmen Palace, feeling depressed and sad. I heard that Sima Xiangru of Chengdu, Shu County, was the work of the world, and he was given hundreds of pieces of gold. Jin is for Xiangru and Wenjun to get wine, because Xiangru is for Wen to understand the Lord, and the queen is lucky to be reunited. "This is a legend and may not be based on historical facts. "Nagato's Preface" has long been judged to be a forgery. However, the poet Li Bai, who is known for his romantic writing techniques, did not bother to worry about whether the story was true or not. The poem not only firmly believed that Queen Chen’s daughter’s purchase of the poem was true, but also became the reason why Sima Xiangru favored the new and discarded the old. In this episode It is reflected in the two sentences in the poem "Xiangru gets gold when he writes a poem, but his husband is so new and has many different intentions". The reason why Sima Xiangru changed his mind was because he got the gold from Empress Chen. "When he was about to hire Maoling Girl, Wenjun gave her "Baitou Yin" as a gift." These two poems are consistent with the records in "Xijing Miscellaneous Notes". It is said that Sima Xiangru gave up the idea of ??marrying Maoling girl after seeing Zhuo Wenjun's "Baitou Yin". From "The water flowing from the east does not return to the west" to the poet's lyrical discussion "The water flowing from the east does not return to the west, and the falling flowers are ashamed of the old forest", which are adapted from the Southern Dynasty's "Midnight Song" "If you don't see the water flowing from the east, when will you see it?" "Return to the west" comes, water flowing eastward will never return west, and fallen flowers leaving their branches will be ashamed to return to their old forest. The meaning of these two sentences is that after a couple separates, it is difficult to hope for a reunion. "Rabbit silk is ruthless, and will fall with the wind. Who makes the girl Luo Zhi come and hug her?" The four sentences are adapted from the poem "Nineteen Ancient Poems: Ran Ran Lonely Bamboo", "I am newly married to you, and rabbit silk is attached to you." "Nvluo" two sentences are changed with poetic meaning. As for what rabbit silk is, ancient and modern people have different opinions. It may be said that rabbit silk and female rhizome are the same thing, or that rabbit silk is a medicinal herb. It absorbs nutrients from other plants to survive, and its fruits can be used as medicine. There is a poem from the ancient Yuefu saying: "The rabbit silk flower in Nanshan and the green female rose tree in Beiling. The flowers and leaves are in the same center, but today the branches are divided into two places." Obviously, like in Li Bai's poem, rabbit silk and female rose are considered to be two things. But the two depend on each other and are entwined with each other. Li Bai's poem refers to a man's rabbit silk, which lacks a firm belief in love, so he falls with the wind, while the female rose branch is full of infatuation and is forced to hug it. The following lines of the poem are all written in a female tone, strongly indicting men's heartlessness: "Two grasses are like one heart, but the human heart is not as good as grass." It also uses objects as a metaphor for people, and the sentence "The human heart is not as good as grass" is a profound emotion. The following four sentences of "Mojuan" describe the woman's infinite nostalgia for the happy and happy married life in the past. Don't roll up the mat woven with asparagus grass, even if it is allowed to grow mesh, because her warm memories are left on the mat. Don't remove the precious amber pillow, maybe it can make you relive your old dreams and make up for the shortcomings in real life in your dreams. Dragon beard mats and amber pillows are relatively valuable items and are commonly used in couples' lives. They are representative among many daily necessities. "The cup will not be full if you pour the water and collect it again. It is difficult to return to an abandoned concubine." The two sentences are a reference to Jiang Ziya's story. According to legend, when Jiang Taigong first married Mr. Ma, he was studying but not engaged in childbirth, so Mr. Ma asked to leave. The Grand Duke was granted the title of Qi, and the Ma family asked for a reunion. The Grand Duke took a basin of water and poured it on the ground, because it was difficult to cover the water and it was difficult for the couple to reunite. In Li Bai's poem, it is difficult to fill the cup by covering the ground with water and then collecting it again, which clearly points out that it is difficult to return an abandoned wife. The poem ends with a sigh: "The past and present are equally proud, but now there is only Qingling Terrace." According to ancient legend, Han Peng, a man from the pre-Qin Dynasty, married his wife to a loyal husband. They were loving husband and wife. Han went to the Song Dynasty to serve as an official and did not return for six years. His wife wrote a letter to her husband, and the letter was obtained by King Kang of the Song Dynasty. King Kang deceived his loyal husband into the Song Dynasty, thinking that he was his queen. Sadhusband was unhappy. Later, King Kang followed his minister Liang Boji and captured Han Peng to build Qingling Tower. Han committed suicide, and Sadhu requested a funeral ceremony. He took the opportunity to jump into the tomb and died. There is a laurel tree and a sycamore tree growing in the back cemetery, with their branches and leaves connected. The king of Song chopped it down, and the branches fell into the water and turned into mandarin ducks. (There are different opinions about the story of Han Ping. This is according to the Dunhuang Bianwen.) Throughout the ages, only women like the wife of Han Peng (that is, Han Ping) have been proud but not betrayed. These two poems are both sad and angry.
From an artistic point of view, in addition to using metaphorical techniques at the beginning, using mandarin ducks as a metaphor for a loving couple, there are many places in the poem that use objects to personify people, such as flowing water, falling flowers, rabbit silk, female radish, and grass. , covering the water... to feel people's love for the new and dislike of the old. Even though Sima Xiangru and Zhuo Wenjun had such a loving and happy marriage, and Sima Xiangru even wrote a poem on behalf of Empress Chen to satirize Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he could not help but plan to marry Maoling Girl. It is not easy to maintain pure and noble love in the world. Among them, only Han Peng's wife, although favored by King Kang, could die for her love.
There are so many heartless people in the world who are really not as good as mandarin ducks among animals, not as good as rabbit silk and female dill among plants, not as good as two grasses with one heart. In ancient poems, husband and wife are often used as metaphors for monarchs and ministers, and the relationship between monarch and ministers is often unpredictable. Li Bai's poem may have a deeper connotation.
The second poem in this series not only has the same theme and concept as the first poem, but also has many similarities in wording. For example, the first four sentences and the last two sentences of the two poems are almost identical. In the poem, "The water flowing east does not return to the west, and the falling flowers are ashamed of the old forest." "Pillow, or when a dream comes" and other sentences are almost identical, but there are many differences. For example, before Sima Xiangru wrote a poem on behalf of Empress Chen, there are several sentences in the poem: "Xiangru went to Shu to visit Emperor Wu, and the red chariots and horses were shining brightly. Once I read the "Adult" work again, Wan Cheng suddenly wanted to soar in the clouds. When I heard that Ajiao had fallen out of favor, she bought a lot of money to ask for the king. "The sentence "Red Cart and Four Horses" comes from "Huayang Guozhi·Shu Zhi": There is Shengxian Bridge ten miles north of the city, and there is a send-off. When Sima Xiangru entered Chang'an for the first time, he said at the gate of the city: "If you don't ride in a red chariot and four horses, you can't be better than you." Li Bai wrote "Adult Fu", and the original biography of "Historical Records" records: "Xiangru saw that he was interested in the immortal way, so he said: "What happened in the forest was not beautiful enough. If there are still those who are still unsatisfied, I have not finished the "Adult Fu" yet, so I asked you to play it. Xiangru thinks that the immortals are said to live in the mountains and rivers, and the description is very vague. This is not the immortal intention of the emperor. Then he wrote "Adult Fu". ... After Xiangru played the song "Sir", the Emperor said loudly, "There is an aura of flying clouds in the air, as if you are traveling between heaven and earth." "This explanation has little to do with the "Changmen Fu" written by Sima Xiangru on behalf of Empress Chen. The Qianjin Buying Fu itself is only lightly mentioned in two sentences starting with the word "hear the way" in the poem, but with a relatively short sentence. There are many pens and inks written about Sima Xiangru's proposed marriage to Maoling Girl and Wenjun's poem "Baitouyin": "Xiangru did not remember the days of poverty and humbleness, and he had many private houses with high status and wealth." "Private houses" were used by rich people in ancient times to marry in private. Concubine, also known as "outer room". Because Xiangru wrote "Adult Fu" and was appreciated by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, she had a "high position"; because she wrote a poem on behalf of Empress Chen, she was rewarded with a thousand gold coins, so she had "a lot of gold". "Many" leads to the ending of "hiring a private room". All the beauties in Maoling are proposed to, but Wenjun's happiness is ruined. The following parts of the poem are different from the first one, except for the few sentences mentioned in the previous text. "Tears are like water from two springs, flowing down the purple lapel. Roosters sing three times in the early morning, and "White Head Chant" is heard in the early morning. The green clouds on the temples are long and unkempt, and I look up to the blue sky with deep sorrow. "These lines are based on Zhuo Wenjun's reaction after hearing that Sima Xiangru had "hired a private room": tears welled up in his eyes, he stayed up all night, his hair was disheveled, he composed poems early in the morning, looked up to the sky and lamented..." The two sentences "city collapse" are used in Qiliang. The story of the wife. The city collapsed because of Qiliang's wife's crying, which shows that the two sentences of "Dongliu" are the same as the first one, which also shows that the abandoned wife has no hope of getting back together with her husband. Wenjun gave the jade hairpin to her husband as a token of his love, which shows that the woman has always been loyal to love. The following four sentences are also the same as the previous poem. Wenjun is deeply attached to the loving life of the past. . She also gave him a Qin mirror. According to "Xijing Miscellaneous Notes", during the reign of Emperor Qin Shihuang, there was a square mirror in Xianyang Palace that was four feet wide, five feet high and nine inches wide. , This is a kind wish. This tearful speech finally moved Sima Xiangru and made him "repay Wenjun." However, after this blow, Wenjun doubted whether there is true love in the world. It is concluded that "the past and the present are not mutually exclusive, but today we can only see Qingling Terrace"
There are different opinions on the merits of these two poems. "Qianyilu" says: "Taibai's "Baitou". The two poems "Yin" are quite good and bad, and one of them covers the original version. "Generally, those who annotate Li Bai's poems only annotate the first one, and make the second one an appendix, or don't select it at all. The tendency of praise and criticism is quite obvious. The first one is slightly better, but the second one is not inferior either. Both poems have their own advantages and disadvantages. The poem is about Bixing. The first one skillfully uses Bixing techniques, while the second one is much inferior in this aspect. Some, some even seem to have too many branches. For example, Sima Xiangru presented "Adult Fu" to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and occupied a high position. This is not directly related to marrying Maoling Girl, but it uses four sentences. This is not as good as the first one. The first. The narrative of the second poem is inconsistent with historical facts and legends. For example, "Maoling Shuzi all met and asked for help." Obviously there is more than one person here. The historical materials and legends about Sima Xiangru do not say this. This is also the reason why the second poem is not as good as the first one. Shen Deqian of the Qing Dynasty also said: "Taibai's poems have many sustenances, but they must be related to everything. It is said that this refers to the matter of abolishing the king and the queen, which is very fragmented. "In terms of poetic language, the first poem is naturally more concise than the second poem. But it is not entirely true to say that the second poem is not as good as the first poem. The second poem has more ink written by Wenjun, and the characters are much richer. From "Tears Like Two Fountains" onwards, Wenjun's grief-stricken but revolting reactions after learning that Xiangru wanted to marry a concubine are written, and his condemnation of the heartless man is also more profound. ": Xiao Shiyun's note: This poem was probably written when the Ming emperor doted on his concubine and dethroned the queen! ... Tang poets often quoted "Spring and Autumn" as the meaning of the Lu taboo, comparing the Han Dynasty to the Ming emperor.
"Li Du Shi Tong": It is said that Zhuo Wenjun hired Maoling's daughter as his concubine for Xiangru. This is true for anyone who writes poems.
"Tang Poems": Taibai's poems have many sustenances, but they must be related to everything. It is said that this poem refers to the abolition of the king and the queen. It's all broken and broken. Written by hand, everything is wonderful (the second sentence of "Dongliu Buzuo").
"Poetry of the Tang and Song Dynasties": Xiao Shiyun said: The words are gentle and sad, "Guofeng" is lustful but not lewd, and "Xiaoya" is resentful but not chaotic, which are the characteristics of poetry. Feng Shu said: The chant of the luan in the sky is not an ordinary sound in the human world. Shen Deqian said: This is an interesting topic. Later generations want to twist it into current events, but it is meaningless. "Rabbit silk is ruthless", you can pick it up at your fingertips, and everything is wonderful.
"Shi Lun": It is lyrical in comparison to objects, with a sad and euphemistic tone (below the sentence "People's Heart").
"Net Master's Garden Tang Poetry Notes": The lingering and graceful music, the sound penetrates into people's hearts, and this style has a lingering rhyme (six lines below of "Rabbit Silk"). The last two sentences. Words make the world wonderful.
"Old Clichés": "Baitou Yin" says: "At this time, Gillian is jealous." The connection method is invisible and has a tendency to plummet, which is incredible. The four sentences "Don't roll up the dragon's beard mat" are still used as a protective pen. When it comes to the sentence "Cover the water and then collect it", Fang makes a final statement. The pen is like a clear silk curling into the sky, and one can understand it one by one in deep silence.
"Yang Yizhai Li Du's Poems": Fang Hongjing said: Taibai's "Baitou Yin" has many advantages and disadvantages, and one of them is the original version. Geniuses do not waste time seeking profit, and today people publish it as soon as they put pen to paper. Zongyun "waving beads", no wonder Duojie.
"Li Taibai's Poems": The word "jealousy" is strange. Yan Yun: He scolded Emperor Wu, and also scolded Xiangru, very quickly (the second sentence of "Xiangru wrote a poem"). It is also said that the sentence "Flowers falling in the east" echoes the sentences "Ning Tong" and "Can't bear" above. If you are happy, you wish to be together in death, if you are unhappy, you wish to be separated in life: both love words. Yan Yun: The four sentences "Mojuan" can be excerpted from "Midnight Song", which is wonderful. Another saying: The last four sentences are redundant. Poets often suffer from this disease when they are exhausted. Foreign History Case: Without these four sentences, there is no structure. Strictly speaking, this is nonsense.