Hugo was able to write outstanding poems at the age of 16, and published them at the age of 2 1, which made him famous. 1845, King Louis Philippe of France granted Hugo the position of a member of the House of Lords, and since then he has devoted himself to politics.
1848, February Revolution broke out in France, and King Louis of France abdicated. During this period, Hugo traveled around the world to publicize the revolution, made great contributions to the people, won the respect of the new regime, was promoted to count, and was elected as a national representative and member of parliament.
Three years later, Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte proclaimed himself emperor and Hugo attacked it, so he was exiled abroad. After that, I wandered for 20 years, during which I finished the novel Les Miserables. 1870, France resumed its political system (the Third Republic of France), and Hugo returned to France from exile. 1885, Hugo died and a state funeral was held in Pandra.
Hugo's creative history is over 60 years, and his works include 26 volumes of poems, 20 volumes of novels, 2 volumes of scripts1and 2 volumes of philosophical works, totaling 79 volumes. His representative works include the novel Notre Dame de Paris, 1993, Les Miserables and the short story Death of Normandy (the seventh lesson of the first volume of the sixth grade of Jiangsu Education Edition is called Captain).
Extended data:
1, early experience
1802 On February 26th, victor hugo was born in Besancon (Besan? On) an officer's family, his father brutus Hugo is a general under Napoleon.
From middle school, Hugo loved literary creation and became interested in literature, so he began to write poems. His literary activities began with writing for the magazine Literary Conservatives. His first novel, Han Islam, was praised by novelist Notil. The connection with Nottier prompted Hugo to turn to romanticism and gradually become the leader of romanticism. ?
18 19, Hugo and the poet Winnie and others founded the conservative literature biweekly. Influenced by his family since childhood, Hugo's original works praised royalism and religion. /kloc-published the first book of poetry "Ode" in 0/822, and was awarded an annuity by Louis Stanislas Xavier.
Later, new carols, poems and Long song came out one after another, which made a breakthrough in content and form. During this period, he also published two novellas, The Devil in Iceland and Bug Yalga.
1823, with the rise of liberalism, Hugo's political attitude changed, and he formed the "Second Literature Society" with young romantic artists such as Miao Sai and Dumas, and began to explicitly oppose pseudo-classicism. ?
2. The edges are gradually exposed
1827, Hugo wrote a long preface for his play Cromwell, that is, the Declaration of Romantic Literature. In the preface, Hugo opposed the classical artistic viewpoint and put forward the romantic literary proposition: insisting on not formulating but expressing the plot concretely.
In particular, he preached the principle of contrast between funny ugliness and lofty beauty. This preface has become a condemnation of classicism, an important declaration of romanticism, a classic of romantic literary theory, and occupies an important position in the history of French literary criticism.
1830, the "July Revolution" occurred in France, and the feudal restoration dynasty was overthrown. Hugo enthusiastically praised the revolution, the revolutionaries, and wrote poems to mourn the heroes who died in the street fighting. After the July Revolution, Hugo also embarked on the left-wing road politically.
183 1 year, Hugo's novel Notre Dame de Paris came out, which is Hugo's most romantic novel. By describing the tragedy of Esmeralda, a kind gypsy girl, who was devastated and persecuted under the feudal autocracy in the Middle Ages, the novel reflects the darkness of the authoritarian society, the rampant reactionary church and the cruelty of the judicial system, and highlights the anti-feudal theme. ?
3. During the economic downturn
184 1 year, Hugo wrote a letter to the poet Gaudi.
184 1 year, Hugo was elected to the Institut de France (Academie fran? ais).
1843, Hugo's mysticism play Garrison was booed by the audience and failed.
1845, Hugo was made a French noble minister by Louis Philippe and became a member of the House of Lords.
1848 After the June Revolution, Hugo gradually moved to the position of * * *. Hugo voted for Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte in the presidential election.
18511February, louis bonaparte staged a coup, declared the monarchy and suppressed it vigorously, and Hugo was forced into exile 19 years. Hugo never stopped literary creation during his exile, and kept creating literary works to fight against Napoleon's dictatorship.
1852, Hugo published a political pamphlet "Little Napoleon", which made a bitter satire on Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte. At the same time, he also wrote a pamphlet "The History of Evil" to expose the coup.
1853, the collection of political satirical poems "Punishment Collection" came out. The Collection of Punishment is full of revolutionary momentum, which once became the fighting spirit that inspired patriots to resist Nazism during World War II.
1856, Hugo published a collection of poems, Guan Jing Ji, which summarized Hugo's thoughts and feelings from 1830 to 1855.
186 1 year165438+1October 25th, Hugo wrote "Letter to Captain Butler about the British-French Allied Forces' Expedition to China", which has been selected into many versions of Chinese textbooks for middle schools in China. ?
4. The peak of old age
1862, Hugo's novel Les Miserables came out, which exposed the sharp contradiction and disparity between the rich and the poor in capitalist society, described the painful fate of the lower classes, and put forward three problems that needed to be solved urgently in society at that time: poverty made men poor, hunger made women degenerate, and darkness made children weak. He lashed out at the hypocrisy of bourgeois laws. This novel is welcomed by people all over the world.
1870 In March, after the collapse of Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte, Hugo returned to Paris and was warmly welcomed by the people of Paris. During the Franco-Prussian War, Hugo devoted himself to the struggle with patriotic enthusiasm. He gave a speech to inspire people's fighting spirit and signed up for the National Guard.
187 1 year, Hugo was elected as a representative of the national assembly.
187 1 March, the Paris commune uprising, Hugo did not understand the revolution. However, when the commune failed and the reactionary government frantically suppressed the commune members, Hugo angrily condemned the cruelty of the reactionaries. He called for the pardon of all commune members and announced in the newspaper that his residence in Brussels, Belgium would be used as a refuge for exiled members.
1872, Hugo published a collection of poems, Diary of Fierce Years, which expressed his thoughts and feelings about the Franco-Prussian War and his time in the Paris Commune.
1874, Hugo's last important work "93" came out. Hugo started writing in 1862 and finished it in 1872. Taking 1793 as the theme, the French army suppressed the counter-revolutionary rebellion in Wangdai area, which showed the thrilling historical content of the bourgeois revolution and the law of struggle independent of human will.
The book vividly depicts the ferocity of the feudal aristocracy, the revolutionary atmosphere during jacobin's dictatorship, and the bravery and warrior of the Peace Army.
1876, Hugo was elected as a French senator.
1878, on the occasion of the 0/00th anniversary of Voltaire's death/kloc-0, Hugo gave a speech warmly praising Voltaire, which was warmly welcomed by the people. In the same year, the International Association of Literature and Art (ALAI) was established.
1883, Hugo completed the legend of the century. Hugo began to write century legends from 1859 until 1883. The book consists of three volumes, with biblical stories, ancient myths and folklore as the themes.
1On May 22nd, 885, victor hugo died in Paris. The French people held a state funeral for Hugo, and Hugo's body was buried in the Pantheon dedicated to the burial of great men.
Baidu encyclopedia-Hugo