It means: writing articles should be close to reality, close to facts and grasp the pulse of the times. This is also a writing principle that we should follow today.
Background: Yuan said in Nine Books:? Since I came to North Korea, I'm getting older and seeing more and more things. Every time I talk to people, I ask more questions about current events, study history and seek more truth, and I realize that articles are combined with the times and poems are combined with things. ?
? Articles are written in time, and poems and songs are written in things? There are two meanings here: on the one hand, it reflects current events, which is the so-called Preface to Qin Zhongyin? I was in Chang 'an at the time of Zhenyuan and Yuanhe. When I heard that, some people were full of sadness because they sang straight. . On the other hand, it is written for reality, that is, the so-called "nine books with the same yuan"? Make up time? . What is reflected is not necessarily current events, but the purpose is for reality. Du Fu has written many works that face reality and satirize current affairs in his life, but he has not put forward his own views on current affairs. Bai Juyi inherited Han Yuefu? Because of what? Realistic spirit, starting from the social reality of the middle Tang Dynasty, put forward? Articles are written in time, and poems and songs are written in things? This is a great contribution to realistic poetry theory.
Bai Juyi's achievements: Bai Juyi was a great poet with great influence in the middle Tang Dynasty. His poetic thoughts and creations, which emphasize popularity and realism, occupy an important position in the history of China's poetry. In Nine Books with Yuan, he clearly said:? The servant's ambition is to help both and do good alone. Always serve the Tao, and invent poetry. Calling it a satirical poem is also aimed at helping others; It's called leisure poetry, which is not bad. ? It can be seen that among Bai Juyi's four kinds of poems, the first two embody him. Take it from beginning to end? The most important way is to have the best of both worlds and be immune to it. At the same time, I put forward my own literary proposition:? Articles combine the times, and poems combine things. ? His poetic thoughts are mainly based on early satirical poems.
As early as Yuan Hechu's "Ce Lin", Bai Juyi showed a tendency to emphasize realism, popularity and allegory. Without the verification of today's praise and criticism, the ways of punishment and persuasion are lacking; If the poem "The Beauty Sting" does not test politics, then the significance of the make-up test will be abolished. Those who give admonition to Ci are rewarded for their adoption, although they are wild by nature. ? The function of poetry is to punish evil and promote good, and make up for current events. The means of poetry is praise and depreciation, and it is admonition and irony, so he advocates: establishing an official of poetry, opening the way of irony, examining its gains and losses, and understanding its feelings. ? (69 "Poems") Does he oppose the pursuit of no content? High palace rhythm? 、? Strange words? Since, more against Qi Liang? Mock the wind and moon, make flowers and plants? Gorgeous poetic style. In the preface to new Yuefu, he clearly pointed out that the standard of poetry is:? Its rhetoric has quality and path, and it is easy for people who want to see it to distinguish; His words are straightforward, and those who want to hear them are deeply warned; Its business is nuclear and true, so people who use it can send messages; Its body is smooth and can be played in music and songs. ? Here? Mass and diameter? 、? Straight cut? 、 ? Core and truth? 、? Smooth and comfortable? It is emphasized that the language should be simple and popular, the arguments should be straightforward and explicit, the writing should be absolutely false and pure, the form should be smooth and fluent, and it should be ballad-like. In other words, poetry must be authentic, easy to understand and easy to sing in order to be considered the ultimate.
Bai Juyi's above requirements for poetry have only one purpose, that is, to make up for current politics. So he immediately said: In short, do it for the monarch, minister, people, things and things, not for the text. ? (Preface to New Yuefu) In Nine Books with the Same Yuan, he reviewed his early creation and said: Since he came to North Korea, he has been old and seen more things. Every time I talk to people, I ask more about current events. Every time you read history, you should seek truth and Taoism, knowing that articles are written in time and poems and songs are written in things. ? What is the most important thing at present? For you? And work. He also said:? But I don't know when to avoid the disease that harms people. ("two songs that hurt the Tang dynasty"), he wrote a lot of satirical poems that reflected the sufferings of people's livelihood, but what is the general direction? Only songs give birth to diseases, I hope the emperor knows? (To Tang Sheng). Because only when the people's feelings are heard in heaven, the emperor opens the door and reaches the people's feelings, will politics tend to be calm.
Pipa Xing and Song of Eternal Sorrow are Bai Juyi's most successful works, and the outstanding feature of their artistic expression is the strengthening of lyric factors. Compared with the previous narrative poems, although these two works also use narrative and description to express events, they both try to keep the events as simple as possible and use only one center.
Events and two or three main characters to structure the whole article, such as the dramatic Ma Wei incident, the author will soon take a few strokes, but in the most lyrical psychological description of the characters and the rendering of the environmental atmosphere, he will splash ink like rain to entertain himself. Even Pipa Story, a work with more ink on the imitation of music and the narration of characters' experiences, is a work that closely links sounds, events and emotions, and sounds move with the trend. In addition, the lyricism of these two works is also manifested in creating an appropriate atmosphere and setting off the artistic conception of poetry with selected images. Like in Song of Eternal Sorrow? He gazed at the desolate moon from his temporary palace, and he heard the bell in the rainy night, which stung his chest? Xing in pipa? In autumn, when the river mysteriously widens towards the full moon, maple leaves and mature rushes rustle. In other poems, the bleak moonlight, the patter of rain at night and the heartbroken bell are combined into a fascinating scene, or the rustling maple leaves, flowers and boundless rivers and moons are combined into a sad and lonely picture, in which the sadness, sadness and frustration revealed are all stained by the characters and events in the poem, which also makes readers shake their hearts in front of such artistic conception and atmosphere.